Differential effects from cognitive rehabilitation and high-definition tDCS in posterior cortical atrophy: A single-case experimental design

References

• André, S., Heinrich, S., Kayser, F., Menzler, K., Kesselring, J., Khader, P. H., Lefaucheur, J., & Mylius, V. (2016). At-home tDCS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves visual short-term memory in mild vascular dementia. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 369, 185–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.07.065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arroyo-Anlló, E.M, Lorber, M., Rigaleau, F, & Gil, R. (2012). Verbal fluency in Alzheimer's disease and aphasia. Dementia, 11(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301211416609
   Google Scholar
• Bahar-Fuchs, A., Martyr, A., Goh, A. M., Sabates, J., & Clare, L. (2019). Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3), https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013069.pub2
   Google Scholar
• Behrmann, M., Geng, J. J., & Shomstein, S. (2004). Parietal cortex and attention. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 14(2), 212–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2004.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton, A. L., Hamsher, K., & Sivan, A. B. (1983). Controlled oral word association test (COWAT). Multilingual aphasia examination (3rd ed.). AJA Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Benton, L A, Hamsher, K, & Sivan, A B. (1994). Multilingual aphasia examination. AJA Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, D. T., Allen, R. S., & Schmitt, F. A. (1991). Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure: Psychometric characteristics in a geriatric sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 5(2), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854049108403298
   Google Scholar
• Bikson, M., Grossman, P., Thomas, C., Zannou, A. L., Jiang, J., Adnan, T., Mourdoukoutas, A. P., Kronberg, G., Truong, D., Boggio, P., Brunoni, A. R., Charvet, L., Fregni, F., Fritsch, B., Gillick, B., Hamilton, H., Hampstead, B. M., Jankord, R., Kirton, A., … Woods, A. J. (2016). Safety of transcranial direct current stimulation: Evidence-based update 2016. Brain Stimulation, 9(5), 641–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2016.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bikson, M., Rahman, A., & Datta, A. (2012). Computational models of transcranial direct current stimulation. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 43(3), 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059412445138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bindman, L. J., Lippold, O. C. J., & Redfearn, J. W. T. (1964). The action of brief polarizing currents on the cerebral cortex of the rat (1) during current flow and (2) in the production of long-lasting after-effects. The Journal of Physiology, 172(3), 369–382. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birks, J. S. (2006). Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005593
   Google Scholar
• Boggio, P. S., Nunes, A., Rigonatti, S. P., Nitsche, M. A., Pascual-Leone, A., & Fregni, F. (2007). Repeated sessions of noninvasive brain DC stimulation is associated with motor function improvement in stroke patients. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 25(2), 123–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boksem, M. A. S., & Tops, M. (2008). Mental fatigue: Costs and benefits. Brain Research Reviews, 59(1), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borragán, G., Gilson, M., Guerrero-Mosquera, C., Di Ricci, E., Slama, H., & Peigneux, P. (2018). Transcranial direct current stimulation does not counteract cognitive fatigue, but induces sleepiness and an inter-hemispheric shift in brain oxygenation. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02351
   Google Scholar
• Cantor, J. B., Ashman, T., Gordon, W., Ginsberg, A., Engmann, C., Egan, M., Spielman, L., Dijkers, M., & Flanagan, S. (2008). Fatigue after traumatic brain injury and Its impact on participation and quality of life. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 23(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HTR.0000308720.70288.af
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casarotti, A., Papagno, C., & Zarino, B. (2014). Modified Taylor Complex Figure: normative data from 290 adults. Journal of Neuropsychology, 8(2), 186–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciaramelli, E., Grady, C., Levine, B., Ween, J., & Moscovitch, M. (2010). Top-down and bottom-up attention to memory are dissociated in posterior parietal cortex: Neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence. Journal of Neuroscience, 30(14), 4943–4956. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1209-09.2010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clare, L., Kudlicka, A., Oyebode, J. R., Jones, R. W., Bayer, A., Leroi, I., Kopelman, M., James, I. A., Culverwell, A., Pool, J., Brand, A., Henderson, C., Hoare, Z., Knapp, M., & Woods, B. (2019). Individual goal-oriented cognitive rehabilitation to improve everyday functioning for people with early-stage dementia: A multicentre randomised controlled trial (the GREAT trial). International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(5), 709–721. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clare, L., & Woods, R. T. (2004). Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for people with early-stage Alzheimer's disease: A review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 14(4), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602010443000074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbetta, M., Kincade, J. M., Ollinger, J. M., McAvoy, M. P., & Shulman, G. L. (2000). Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 3(3), 292–297. https://doi.org/10.1038/73009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford, J. R., Stewart, L. E., & Moore, J. W. (1989). Demonstration of savings on the AVLT and development of a parallel form. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11(6), 975–981. https://doi.org/10.1080/01688638908400950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crutch, S. J., Lehmann, M., Schott, J. M., Rabinovici, G. D., Rossor, M. N., & Fox, N. C. (2012). Posterior cortical atrophy. The Lancet Neurology, 11(2), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70289-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crutch, S. J., Lehmann, M., Warren, J. D., & Rohrer, J. D. (2013). The language profile of posterior cortical atrophy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 84(4), 460–466. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-303309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crutch, S. J., Schott, J. M., Rabinovici, G. D., Murray, M., Snowden, J. S., van der Flier, W. M., Dickerson, B. C., Vandenberghe, R., Ahmed, S., Bak, T. H., Boeve, B. F., Butler, C., Cappa, S. F., Ceccaldi, M., Cruz de Souza, L., Dubois, B., Felician, O., Galasko, D., Graff-Radford, J., … Boeve, B. F. (2017). Consensus classification of posterior cortical atrophy. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 13(8), 870–884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta, A., Bansal, V., Diaz, J., Patel, J., Reato, D., & Bikson, M. (2009). Gyri-precise head model of transcranial direct current stimulation: Improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad. Brain Stimulation, 2(4), 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2009.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delazer, M., Karner, E., Zamarian, L., Donnemiller, E., & Benke, T. (2006). Number processing in posterior cortical atrophy – a neuropsychological case study. Neuropsychologia, 44(1), 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.04.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delis, D C, Kaplan, E, & Kramer, J H. (2001). Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. Psychological Corporation
   Google Scholar
• Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Holdnack, J. (2004). Reliability and validity of the Delis-Kaplan executive function system: An update. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(2), 301–303. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617704102191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds, C. M., Morein-Zamir, S., & Robbins, T. W. (2011). Dissociating inhibition, attention, and response control in the frontoparietal network using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral Cortex, 21(5), 1155–1165. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhq187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dove, A., Pollmann, S., Schubert, T., Wiggins, C. J., & Von Cramon, D. Y. (2000). Prefrontal cortex activation in task switching: An event-related fMRI study. Cognitive Brain Research, 9(1), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(99)00029-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erika-Florence, M., Leech, R., & Hampshire, A. (2014). A functional network perspective on response inhibition and attentional control. Nature Communications, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5073
   Google Scholar
• Ferrucci, R., Mameli, F., Guidi, I., Mrakic-Sposta, S., Vergari, M., Marceglia, S., Cogiamanian, F., Barbieri, S., Scarpini, E., & Priori, A. (2008). Transcranial direct current stimulation improves recognition memory in Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 71(7), 493–498. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000317060.43722.a3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman-Hill, S. R., Robertson, L. C., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2003). Posterior parietal cortex and the filtering of distractors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(7), 4263–4268. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0730772100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, B., Heisel, M. J., & Delavan, R. L. (2005). Psychometric properties of the 15-item geriatric depression scale in functionally impaired, cognitively intact, community-dwelling elderly primary care patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(9), 1570–1576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53461.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frith, C. D., Friston, K. J., Liddle, P. F., & Frackowiak, R. S. (1991). Willed action and the prefrontal cortex in man: A study with PET. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 244(1311), 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0730772100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fröhlich, F., & McCormick, D. A. (2010). Endogenous electric fields may guide neocortical network activity. Neuron, 67(1), 129–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galletta, E. E., Conner, P., Vogel-Eyny, A., & Marangolo, P. (2016). Use of tDCS in aphasia rehabilitation: A systematic review of the behavioral interventions implemented with noninvasive brain stimulation for language recovery. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 25(4S), S854–S867. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_AJSLP-15-0133
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gates, N., & Valenzuela, M. (2010). Cognitive exercise and its role in cognitive function in older adults. Current Psychiatry Reports, 12(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-009-0085-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geffen, G. M., Butterworth, P., & Geffen, L. B. (1994). Test-retest reliability of a new form of the auditory verbal learning test (AVLT). Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 9(4), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-6177(94)90018-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giglia, G., Brighina, F., Rizzo, S., Puma, A., Indovino, S., Maccora, S., Baschi, R., Cosentino, G., & Fierro, B. (2014). Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex enhances memory-guided responses in a visuospatial working memory task. Functional Neurology, 29(3), 189.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilmore, C. S., Dickmann, P. J., Nelson, B. G., Lamberty, G. J., & Lim, K. O. (2018). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) paired with a decision-making task reduces risk-taking in a clinically impulsive sample. Brain Stimulation, 11(2), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2017.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gramegna, L. L., Evangelisti, S., Testa, C., Baiardi, S., Mitolo, M., Capellari, S., Stracciari, A., Poda, R., Di Stasi, V., Cretella, L., Lodi, R., Tonon, C., & Lodi, R. (2018). Cognitive rehabilitation and transcranial direct current stimulation in a patient with posterior cortical atrophy: An fMRI study. The American Journal of Case Reports, 19, 729. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.909167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, R., Leff, A. P., Josephs, O., Galea, J. M., Desikan, M., Price, C. J., Rothwell, J. C., & Crinion, J. (2011). Speech facilitation by left inferior frontal cortex stimulation. Current Biology, 21(16), 1403–1407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.07.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubley, A. M. (1996). Modification of the Taylor complex figure: A comparable figure to the Rey-Osterrieth figure? Edgeworth series in quantitative behavioural science, Paper no. Sci., Pap. No. ESQBS, 96-97.
   Google Scholar
• Hubley, A. M., & Jassal, S. (2006). Comparability of the Rey-Osterrieth and Modified Taylor complex Figures using total scores, completion times, and construct validation. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 28(8), 1482–1497. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390500434441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson, N. S., Follette, W. C., & Revenstorf, D. (1984). Psychotherapy outcome research: Methods for reporting variability and evaluating clinical significance. Behavior Therapy, 15(4), 336–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80002-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, E. K., Baek, M. J., Kim, S., & Paik, N. J. (2009). Non-invasive cortical stimulation improves post-stroke attention decline. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 27(6), 647–652. https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-2009-0514
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, E. F., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1983). The Boston Naming test (2nd ed.). Lea & Febiger.
   Google Scholar
• Konishi, S., Nakajima, K., Uchida, I., Kikyo, H., Kameyama, M., & Miyashita, Y. (1999). Common inhibitory mechanism in human inferior prefrontal cortex revealed by event-related functional MRI. Brain, 122(5), 981–991. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/122.5.981
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kudlicka, A., Martyr, A., Bahar-Fuchs, A., Woods, B., & Clare, L. (2019). Cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild to moderate dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (8). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013388
   Google Scholar
• Kuo, H. I., Bikson, M., Datta, A., Minhas, P., Paulus, W., Kuo, M. F., & Nitsche, M. A. (2013). Comparing cortical plasticity induced by conventional and high-definition 4× 1 ring tDCS: A neurophysiological study. Brain Stimulation, 6(4), 644–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2012.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, A. J., Miller, E. N., Becker, J. T., Selnes, O. A., & Cohen, B. A. (2004). Normative data for determining significance of test-retest differences on eight common neuropsychological instruments. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 18(3), 373–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/1385404049052420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezak, M. D. (1983). Neuropsychological assessment (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lezak, M. D. C. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marczinski, Cecile A, & Kertesz, Andrew. (2006). Category and letter fluency in semantic dementia, primary progressive aphasia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Brain and Language, 97(3), 258–265. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2005.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meinzer, M., Jähnigen, S., Copland, D. A., Darkow, R., Grittner, U., Avirame, K., Rodriguez, A. D., Lindenberg, R., & Flöel, A. (2014). Transcranial direct current stimulation over multiple days improves learning and maintenance of a novel vocabulary. Cortex, 50, 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2013.07.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monti, A., Ferrucci, R., Fumagalli, M., Mameli, F., Cogiamanian, F., Ardolino, G., & Priori, A. (2013). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and language. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 84(8), 832–842. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-302825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motes, M. A., Spence, J. S., Yeatman, K., Jones, P. M., Lutrell, M., O'Hair, R., Shakaal, S., DeLaRosa, B. L., Vanneste, S., Kraut, M. A., & Hart, J. (2020). High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation to improve verbal retrieval deficits in chronic traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 37(1), 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-302825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissim, N. R., O'Shea, A., Indahlastari, A., Kraft, J. N., Von Mering, O., Aksu, S., Porges, E., Cohen, R., Woods, A. J. (2019). Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation paired with cognitive training on functional connectivity of the working memory network in older adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 11, 340. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2000). Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. The Journal of Physiology, 527(Pt 3), 633–639. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olazarán, J., Reisberg, B., Clare, L., Cruz, I., Peña-Casanova, J., Del Ser, T., … Spector, A. (2010). Nonpharmacological therapies in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review of efficacy. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 30(2), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.1159/000316119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldrati, V., Colombo, B., & Antonietti, A. (2018). Combination of a short cognitive training and tDCS to enhance visuospatial skills: A comparison between online and offline neuromodulation. Brain Research, 1678, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2017.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterrieth, P. A., & Rey, A. (1944). Filetest de copie d’une figure complexe [The test of copying a complex figure]. Archives de Psychologie, 30, 206–356.
   Google Scholar
• Penolazzi, B., Bergamaschi, S., Pastore, M., Villani, D., Sartori, G., & Mondini, S. (2015). Transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive training in the rehabilitation of Alzheimer disease: A case study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 25(6), 799–817. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2014.977301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez, F. M., Tunkel, R. S., Lachmann, E. A., & Nagler, W. (1996). Balint's syndrome arising from bilateral posterior cortical atrophy or infarction: Rehabilitation strategies and their limitation. Disability and Rehabilitation, 18(6), 300–304. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638289609165884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phelps, E. A., Hyder, F., Blamire, A. M., & Shulman, R. G. (1997). FMRI of the prefrontal cortex during overt verbal fluency. Neuroreport, 8(2), 561–565. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199701200-00036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollmann, S., & Yves von Cramon, D. (2000). Object working memory and visuospatial processing: Functional neuroanatomy analyzed by event-related fMRI. Experimental Brain Research, 133(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002210000396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radman, T., Su, Y., An, J. H., Parra, L. C., & Bikson, M. (2007). Spike timing amplifies the effect of electric fields on neurons: Implications for endogenous field effects. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(11), 3030–3036. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0095-07.2007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis, J., Schambra, H. M., Cohen, L. G., Buch, E. R., Fritsch, B., Zarahn, E., Celnik, P. A., & Krakauer, J. W. (2009). Noninvasive cortical stimulation enhances motor skill acquisition over multiple days through an effect on consolidation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(5), 1590–1595. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805413106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rey, A. (1941). L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encéphalopathie traumatique. Archives de Psychologie, 28, 286–340.
   Google Scholar
• Rey, A. (1964). The clinical examination in psychology. Presses Universitaires de France.
   Google Scholar
• Riley, E. A. (2017). Patient fatigue during aphasia treatment: A survey of speech-language pathologists. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 38(3), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525740116656330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, Gail, Shallice, Tim, Bozzali, Marco, & Cipolotti, Lisa. (2012). The differing roles of the frontal cortex in fluency tests. Brain, 135(7), 2202–2214. http://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roca, M., Gleichgerrcht, E., Torralva, T., & Manes, F. (2010). Cognitive rehabilitation in posterior cortical atrophy. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(4), 528–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011003597408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scolari, M., Seidl-Rathkopf, K. N., & Kastner, S. (2015). Functions of the human frontoparietal attention network: Evidence from neuroimaging. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 1, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2014.08.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebastian, R., Tsapkini, K., Tippett, D. C., & Parente, R. (2016). Transcranial direct current stimulation in post stroke aphasia and primary progressive aphasia: Current knowledge and future clinical applications. NeuroRehabilitation, 39(1), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-161346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikh, J. I., & Yesavage, J. A. (1986). Geriatric depression scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clinical Gerontologist: The Journal of Aging and Mental Health 5, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09
   Google Scholar
• Silton, R. L., Heller, W., Towers, D. N., Engels, A. S., Spielberg, J. M., Edgar, J. C., Sass, S. M., Stewart, J. L., Sutton, B. P., Banich, M. T., & Miller, G. A. (2010). The time course of activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex during top-down attentional control. Neuroimage, 50(3), 1292–1302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, G. W., Rabins, P. V., Barry, P. P., Buckholtz, N. S., DeKosky, S. T., Ferris, S. H., Gwyther, L.P., Khachaturian, Z.S., Lebowitz, B.D., McRae, T. D. (1997). Diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer disease and related disorders: Consensus statement of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, the Alzheimer's Association, and the American Geriatrics Society. JAMA, 278(16), 1363–1371. 10.1001/jama.1997.03550160083043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreng, R. N., Stevens, W. D., Chamberlain, J. P., Gilmore, A. W., & Schacter, D. L. (2010). Default network activity, coupled with the frontoparietal control network, supports goal-directed cognition. Neuroimage, 53(1), 303–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, L. B. (1969). Localisation of cerebral lesions by psychological testing. Clinical Neurosurgery, 16, 269–287. https://doi.org/10.1093/neurosurgery/16.cn_suppl_1.269
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vines, B. W., Nair, D. G., & Schlaug, G. (2006). Contralateral and ipsilateral motor effects after transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuroreport, 17(6), 671–674. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200604240-00023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weill-Chounlamountry, A., Alves, J., & Pradat-Diehl, P. (2016). Non-pharmacological intervention for posterior cortical atrophy. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 4(8), 195. 10.12998/wjcc.v4.i8.195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteside, D. M., Kealey, T., Semla, M., Luu, H., Rice, L., Basso, M. R., & Roper, B. (2016). Verbal fluency: Language or executive function measure? Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 23(1), 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2015.1004574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, J. M., & Krekelberg, B. (2014). Transcranial direct current stimulation over posterior parietal cortex modulates visuospatial localization. Journal of Vision, 14(9), 5–5. https://doi.org/10.1167/14.9.5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar