Association between phthalates and sleep problems in the U.S. adult females from NHANES 2011-2014

References

• Barr DB, Wilder LC, Caudill SP, Gonzalez AJ, Needham LL, Pirkle JL. 2005. Urinary creatinine concentrations in the U.S. population: implications for urinary biologic monitoring measurements. Environ Health Perspect Feb. 113(2):192–200. Epub 2005/02/03. doi:10.1289/ehp.7337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baulieu E-E, Schumacher M. 2000. Progesterone as a neuroactive neurosteroid, with special reference to the effect of progesterone on myelination. Hum Reprod. 15(suppl 1):1–13. doi:10.1093/humrep/15.suppl_1.1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM, Ten Have T, Rein J, Vela-Bueno A, Kales A. 2001. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in women: effects of gender. Am J Respir Crit Care Med Mar. 163(3):608–613. Epub 2001/03/20. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.9911064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromberger JT, Matthews KA, Schott LL, Brockwell S, Avis NE, Kravitz HM, Everson-Rose SA, Gold EB, Sowers M, Randolph JF Jr. 2007 Nov. Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). J Affect Disord. 103(1–3):267–272. Epub 2007/03/03. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.01.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calafat AM, McKee RH. 2006 Nov. Integrating biomonitoring exposure data into the risk assessment process: phthalates [diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] as a case study. Environ Health Perspect. 114(11):1783–1789. Epub 2006/11/17. doi:10.1289/ehp.9059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson ME, Charlson RE, Peterson JC, Marinopoulos SS, Briggs WM, Hollenberg JP. 2008 Dec. The Charlson comorbidity index is adapted to predict costs of chronic disease in primary care patients. J Clin Epidemiol. 61(12):1234–1240. Epub 2008/07/16. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.01.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen LS, Soares CN, Vitonis AF, Otto MW, Harlow BL. 2006. Risk for new onset of depression during the menopausal transition: the Harvard study of moods and cycles. Arch Gen Psychiatry Apr. 63(4):385–390. Epub 2006/04/06. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Control CfD, Prevention. 2013. National health and nutrition examination survey: 2011-2012 data documentation, codebook, and frequencies. Urinary phthalates and plasticizers metabolites. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0268.
   Google Scholar
• Ding S, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Qi W, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Liu H, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Han X, et al. 2019. Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and their association with lifestyle behaviors in Chinese adolescents and young adults. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 183:109541. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fantus RJ, Packiam VT, Wang CH, Erickson BA, Helfand BT. 2018 Jul. The relationship between sleep disorders and lower urinary tract symptoms: results from the NHANES. J Urol. 200(1):161–166. Epub 2018/02/07. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2018.01.083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman RR, Roehrs TA. 2004 Jul. Lack of sleep disturbance from menopausal hot flashes. Fertil Steril. 82(1):138–144. Epub 2004/07/09. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.12.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Boorman DW, Zhang R. 2014 Jan. Longitudinal pattern of depressive symptoms around natural menopause. JAMA Psychiatry. 71(1):36–43. Epub 2013/11/15. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frye CA. 2007. Some rewarding effects of androgens may be mediated by actions of its 5α-reduced metabolite 3α-androstanediol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 86(2):354–367. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.10.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatcher KM, Smith RL, Chiang C, Li Z, Flaws JA, Mahoney MM. 2020 Nov. Association of phthalate exposure and endogenous hormones with self-reported sleep disruptions: results from the midlife women’s health study. Menopause. 27(11):1251–1264. Epub 2020/10/29. doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatcher KM, Smith RL, Li Z, Flaws JA, Davies CR, Mahoney MM. 2022. Preliminary findings reveal that phthalate exposure is associated with both subjective and objective measures of sleep in a small population of midlife women. Maturitas Mar. 157:62–65. Epub 2022/02/06. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.11.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hlisníková H, Petrovičová I, Kolena B, Šidlovská M, Sirotkin A.2020.Effects and mechanisms of phthalates’ action on reproductive processes and reproductive health: a literature review.Int J Environ Res Public Health.Sep1817:6811. Epub 2020/09/24.1810.3390/ijerph17186811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang PC, Liao KW, Chang JW, Chan SH, Lee CC. 2018. Characterization of phthalates exposure and risk for cosmetics and perfume sales clerks. Environ Pollut Feb. 233:577–587. Epub 2017/11/06. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyun Kim D, Min Choi S, Soo Lim D, Roh T, Jun Kwack S, Yoon S, Kook Kim M, Sil Yoon K, Sik Kim H, Wook Kim D, et al. 2018. Risk assessment of endocrine disrupting phthalates and hormonal alterations in children and adolescents. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 81(21):1150–1164. Epub 2018/11/13. doi:10.1080/15287394.2018.1543231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johns LE, Ferguson KK, Soldin OP, Cantonwine DE, Rivera-González LO, Del Toro LV, Calafat AM, Ye X, Alshawabkeh AN, Cordero JF, et al. 2015 Jan ,17. Urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to maternal serum thyroid and sex hormone levels during pregnancy: a longitudinal analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 13(1):4. Epub 2015/01/19. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-13-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jordan D, Poncet C, Veisseire M, Mornex R. 1983. Role of GABA in the control of thyrotropin secretion in the rat. Brain Res. 268(1):105–110. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90394-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Lee J, Moon HB, Park J, Choi K, Kim SK, Kim S. 2018 Jun 15. Association of phthalate exposures with urinary free cortisol and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine in early childhood. Sci Total Environ. 627:506–513. Epub 2018/02/11. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kravitz MB, Yakubova E, Yu N, Park SY. 2021. Severity of sleep apnea and COVID-19 illness. OTO Open Apr-Jun. 5(2):2473974x211016283. Epub 2021/05/27. doi:10.1177/2473974X211016283.
   Google Scholar
• Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. 2001 Sep. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 16(9):606–613. Epub 2001/09/15. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin-Schwartz Y, Cowell W, Hsu HH, Enlow MB, Amarasiriwardena C, Andra SS, Wright RJ, Wright RO. 2022. Metal mixtures are associated with increased anxiety during pregnancy. Environ Res. 204:112276. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li N, Liu T, Zhou L, He J, Ye L. 2012 Nov. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate reduces progesterone levels and induces apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cell in adult female ICR mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 34(3):869–875. Epub 2012/09/19. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2012.08.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Z, Xu Y, Huang Z, Wei Y, Hou J, Long T, Wang F, Hu H, Duan Y, Guo H, et al. 2019. Association between exposure to arsenic, nickel, cadmium, selenium, and zinc and fasting blood glucose levels. Environ Pollut. 255:113325. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lottrup G, Andersson AM, Leffers H, Mortensen G, Toppari J, Skakkebaek N, Main K. 2006. Possible impact of phthalates on infant reproductive health. Int J Androl. 29(1):172–180. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00642.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Masters A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Seixas A, Girardin JL, McFarlane SI. 2014. Melatonin, the hormone of darkness: from sleep promotion to Ebola treatment. Brain Disord Ther. 4(1): Epub 2015/02/24. doi:10.4172/2168-975X.1000151.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meeker JD, Ferguson KK. 2014 Nov. Urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with decreased serum testosterone in men, women, and children from NHANES 2011–2012. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99(11):4346–4352. Epub 2014/08/15. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mok S, Jeong Y, Park M, Kim S, Lee I, Park J, Kim S, Choi K, Moon HB. 2021. Exposure to phthalates and bisphenol analogues among childbearing-aged women in Korea: influencing factors and potential health risks. Chemosphere Feb. 264:128425. Epub 2020/10/04. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mong JA, Cusmano DM. 2016. Sex differences in sleep: impact of biological sex and sex steroids. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.Feb19;371:20150110. Epub 2016/02/03. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz I, Colacino JA, Lewis RC, Arthur AE, Meeker JD, Ferguson KK. 2018. Associations between school lunch consumption and urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in US children and adolescents: results from NHANES 2003–2014. Environ Int. 121:287–295. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okosun IS, Annor FB, Seale JP, Eriksen MP. 2014. Abdominal adiposity and family income-to-poverty ratio in American women. Obes Res Clin Pract May-Jun. 8(3):e201–298. Epub 2014/05/23. doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2012.12.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pengo MF, Won CH, Bourjeily G. 2018 Jul. Sleep in women across the life span. Chest. 154(1):196–206. Epub 2018/04/22. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2018.04.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston EV, Webster TF, Henn BC, McClean MD, Gennings C, Oken E, Rifas-Shiman SL, Pearce EN, Calafat AM, Fleisch AF, et al. 2020. Prenatal exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances and maternal and neonatal thyroid function in the project viva cohort: a mixtures approach. Environ Int. 139:105728. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman HH, Niemann D, Yusuf KK. 2022 Jan. Association of urinary arsenic and sleep disorder in the US population: nHANES 2015–2016. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 29(4):5496–5504. Epub 2021/08/23. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-16085-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruan F, Zhang J, Liu J, Sun X, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. 2022. Association between prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and early childhood allergic diseases. Environ Res. 206:112615. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders AP, Mazzella MJ, Malin AJ, Hair GM, Busgang SA, Saland JM, Curtin P. 2019. Combined exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic and kidney health in adolescents age 12–19 in NHANES 2009–2014. Environ Int. 131:104993. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.104993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sears CG, Braun JM. 2021. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and adolescent sleep duration. Environ Epidemiol Apr. 5(2):e134. Epub 2021/04/20. doi:10.1097/EE9.0000000000000134.
   Google Scholar
• Shiue I. 2017 Jan. Urinary arsenic, pesticides, heavy metals, phthalates, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and polyfluoroalkyl compounds are associated with sleep troubles in adults: uSA NHANES, 2005–2006. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 24(3):3108–3116. Epub 2016/11/20. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-8054-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva MJ, Barr DB, Reidy JA, Malek NA, Hodge CC, Caudill SP, Brock JW, Needham LL, Calafat AM. 2004. Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the U.S. population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000. Environ Health Perspect Mar. 112(3):331–338. Epub 2004/03/05. doi:10.1289/ehp.6723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. 1999. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD the PHQ primary care study. Prim Care Evaluation Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire Jama.Nov10;282:1737–1744. Epub 1999/11/24. doi:10.1001/jama.282.18.1737.
   Google Scholar
• Steiger A, Antonijevic IA, Bohlhalter S, Frieboes RM, Friess E, Murck H. 1998. Effects of hormones on sleep. Horm Res. 49(3–4):125–130. Epub 1998/04/29. doi:10.1159/000023158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swinyard EA, Woodhead JH, Petersen RV. 1976 May. Nonspecific effect of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on hexobarbital sleep time. J Pharm Sci. 65(5):733–734. Epub 1976/05/01. doi:10.1002/jps.2600650525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Cauter E, Plat L, Scharf MB, Leproult R, Cespedes S, L’hermite-Baleriaux M, Copinschi G. 1997. Simultaneous stimulation of slow-wave sleep and growth hormone secretion by gamma-hydroxybutyrate in normal young men. J Clin Invest. 100(3):745–753. doi:10.1172/JCI119587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Gao D, Zhang G, Zhang X, Li Q, Gao Q, Chen R, Xu S, Huang L, Zhang Y, et al. 2020. Exposure to multiple metals in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. Environ Int. 135:105370. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Qian H. 2021. Phthalates and their impacts on human health. Healthcare (Basel).May18;9.603. Epub 2021/06/03. doi:10.3390/healthcare9050603.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wen H-J, Chen C-C, M-T W, Chen M-L, Sun C-W, W-C W, Huang I-W, Huang P-C, T-Y Y, Hsiung CA, et al. 2017. Phthalate exposure and reproductive hormones and sex-hormone binding globulin before puberty–phthalate contaminated-foodstuff episode in Taiwan. Plos One. 12(4):e0175536. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiens SC, Trudeau VL. 2006. Thyroid hormone and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interactions in neuroendocrine systems. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A Mol Integr. 144(3):332–344. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.01.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittassek M, Angerer J. 2008. Phthalates: metabolism and exposure. Int J Androl Apr. 31(2):131–138. Epub 2007/12/12. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00837.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu B, Jiang Y, Jin X, He L. 2020. Using three statistical methods to analyze the association between exposure to 9 compounds and obesity in children and adolescents: nHANES 2005-2010. Environ Health. 19(1):1–13. doi:10.1186/s12940-020-00642-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu M, Bélanger L, Ivers H, Guay B, Zhang J, Morin CM. 2011 Jan. Comparison of subjective and objective sleep quality in menopausal and non-menopausal women with insomnia. Sleep Med. 12(1):65–69. Epub 2010/12/15. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.09.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamora AN, Peterson KE, Téllez-Rojo MM, Song PXK, Meeker JD, Cantoral A, Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Jansen EC. 2023 Feb 25. Urinary phthalates, phenols, and parabens in relation to sleep health markers among a cohort of Mexican adolescents. Sci Total Environ. 861:160651. Epub 2022/12/07. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Dong T, Hu W, Wang X, Xu B, Lin Z, Hofer T, Stefanoff P, Chen Y, Wang X, et al. 2019. Association between exposure to a mixture of phenols, pesticides, and phthalates and obesity: comparison of three statistical models. Environ Int. 123:325–336. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Lu Y, Ma H, Xu Q, Wu X. 2021. Combined exposure to multiple endocrine disruptors and uterine leiomyomata and endometriosis in US women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 12:726876. doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.726876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng P. 2009. Neuroactive steroid regulation of neurotransmitter release in the CNS: action, mechanism and possible significance. Prog Neurobiol. 89(2):134–152. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.07.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zota AR, Phillips CA, Mitro SD. 2016. Recent fast food consumption and bisphenol a and phthalates exposures among the U.S. population in NHANES, 2003–2010. Environ Health Perspect. 124(10):1521–1528. doi:10.1289/ehp.1510803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar