The precarity of internal migration of youth in Ghana: exploitative employment and livelihood insecurity

References

• Acharya, A. K. 2021. “Caste-based Migration and Exposure to Abuse and Exploitation: Dadan Labour Migration in India.” Contemporary Social Science 16 (3): 371–383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acheampong, T. Y. 2019. “Government as an Employer of Last Resort as a Solution to Youth Unemployment in Developing Countries: Lessons from Ghana’s National Youth Employment Programme.” E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies 8 (1): 1–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ackah, C., and D. Medvedev. 2010. Internal migration in Ghana: Determinants and welfare impacts. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5273. Washington DC, World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Adamtey, R., J. E. Yajalin, and C. Y. Oduro. 2015. “The Socio-Economic Wellbeing of Internal Migrants in Agbogbloshie.” Ghana. African Sociological Review 19 (2): 132–148.
   Google Scholar
• Agyei, J., and A. Ofosu-Mensah. 2009. Historical overview of internal migration in Ghana. In Anarfi, J K. & Kwankye, S. O. (eds.). Independent Migration of children in Ghana. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262698299_Historical_Overview_of_Internal_Migration_in_Ghana.
   Google Scholar
• Anarwat, G. S., J. K. Assan, D. Shepard, D. Canterbury, and G. Gaumer. 2021. “A Cross-Sectional Study Determining the Predictors of Enrolment in Ghanàs National Health Insurance Scheme.” International Journal of Development and Sustainability 10 (2): 50–68.
   Google Scholar
• Assan, J. K. 2008. “Generational Differences in Internal Migration:Derelict Economies, Exploitative Employment and Livelihood Discontent.” International Development Planning Review 30 (4): 377–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assan, J. K. 2014. “Experiences of Young Migrants Working in Urban Food Markets in Southern Ghana: Implications for Well-Being and Social Policy.” Journal of Social Science for Policy Implications 2 (3): 1–25.
   Google Scholar
• Assan, J. K. 2021. “Ethnic Identity, Discrimination and the Shaping of Remittance Culture in Ghana.” CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 2 (2): 295–314.
   Google Scholar
• Assan, J. K., C. Caminade, and F. Obeng. 2009. “Environmental Variability and Vulnerable Livelihoods: Minimising Risks and Optimising Opportunities for Poverty Alleviation.” Journal of International Development 21 (3): 403–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assan, J. K., and D. Kharisma. 2019. “Political Economy of Internal Migration and Labor-Seeking Behavior of Poor Youth in Ghana.” Ghana Studies 22: 3–35.
   Google Scholar
• Awumbila, M., G. Owusu, and J. K. Teye. 2014. Can Rural-Urban Migration into Slums Reduce Poverty? Evidence from Ghana. Migrating out of Poverty Research Programme Consortium, Working Paper 13.
   Google Scholar
• Awumbila, M., J. K. Teye, and J. A. Yaro. 2017. “Social Networks, Migration Trajectories and Livelihood Strategies of Migrant Domestic and Construction Workers in Accra.” Ghana. Journal of Asian and African Studies 52 (7): 982–996. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616634743
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awuse, N., P. T. Offin, and A. Acakpovi. 2020. “Internal Migration and Poverty Reduction in Ghana.” International Journal of Technology and Management Research 5 (1): 72–90.
   Google Scholar
• Bhagat, R. B. 2011. Migrants’ (denied) right to the city. In National workshop on internal migration and human development in India. Indian Council of Social Science Research.
   Google Scholar
• Bosiakoh, T. A., C. A. Tuot, S. O. Marfo, and P. Andoh. 2014. “The Dynamics of North-South Migration in Ghana: Perspectives of Nandom Migrants in Accra.” Ghanaian Journal of Economics 2 (1): 97–118.
   Google Scholar
• Boutin, D. 2016. The Role of Internal Migration in Access to the First job: A Case Study of Uganda. ILO Work4Youth Technical Brief No. 5. Geneva: ILO.
   Google Scholar
• Castles, S., H. de Haas, and M. J. Miller. 2013. The age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, I. A., N. Haque, M. M. Kamal, T. Islam, M. M. Khan, M. N. Islam, and I. Uddin. 2012. “Internal Migration and Socio-Economic Status of Migrants: A Study in Sylhet City, Bangladesh.” American Journal of Human Ecology 1 (4): 123–133.
   Google Scholar
• da Conceição Figueiredo, M., F. Suleman, and M. C. do Carmo Botelho. 2018. “Workplace Abuse and Harassment: The Vulnerability of Informal and Migrant Domestic Workers in Portugal.” Social Policy and Society 17 (1): 65–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duplantier, A., C. Ksoll, K. Lehrer, and W. Seitz. 2017. The internal migration choices of Ghanaian youths. Retrieved from https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/DUPLANTIER%2C%20Anne_paper.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• García, A. A. E. 2021. “When Internal Migration Fails: A Case Study of Central American Youth who Relocate Internally Before Leaving Their Countries.” Journal on Migration and Human Security 9 (4): 297–310.
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service. 2012. The 2010 Population and Housing Census: Summary Report of Final Results. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service.
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). 2013. The 2010 Population and Housing Census: National Analytical Report. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service.
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). 2014a. Ghana Living Standards Survey, Report on the Sixth Round. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service.
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). 2017. Ghana Living Standards Survey, Report on the Seventh Round. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service.
   Google Scholar
• Global Migration Group. 2014. Migration and Youth: Challenges and Opportunities. NY: United Nations Children’s Fund. UNICEF.
   Google Scholar
• Honwana, A. M. 2012. The Time of Youth: Work, Social Change, and Politics in Africa. Boulder, CO: Kumarian Press.
   Google Scholar
• International Labour Organization. 2016, August 24. Youth Unemployment Challenge Worsening in Africa [Press release]. Geneva: ILO.
   Google Scholar
• International Labour Organization. 2018. World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: ILO.
   Google Scholar
• Jehu-Appiah, C., G. Aryeetey, I. Agyepong, E. Spaan, and R. Baltussen. 2012. “Household Perceptions and Their Implications for Enrolment in the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana.” Health Policy and Planning 27 (3): 222–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kousar, R., F. Naz, T. Sadaf, S. A. Adil, T. Z. Shahid, and S. Mushtaq. 2016. “The Impact of Migration on Rural Poverty: The Case Study of District Faisalabad.” Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 6 (3S): 22–27.
   Google Scholar
• Lucci, P., D. Mansour-Ille, E. Easton-Calabria, and C. Cummings. 2016. “Sustainable Cities: Internal Migration, Jobs and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” Overseas Development Institute, 23–11.
   Google Scholar
• McDonnell, T. 2018, 10th March. What’s the World’s Fastest-Growing Economy? Ghana Contends for the Crown. The New York Times.
   Google Scholar
• Misachi, J. 2018. Major Ethnic Groups of Ghana, World Atlas, Accessed on 27th February 2022, from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-and-tribes-in-ghana.html.
   Google Scholar
• Mohammed, E., M. Kansanga, H. Nyantakyi-Frimpong, and I. Luginaah. 2021. “Livelihood Diversification Strategies and Resilience to Climate Change in Semi-Arid Northern Ghana.” Climatic Change 164 (3–4): 53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03034-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha-Jimenez, T., K. C. Brouwer, M. Salazar, S. C. Boyce, A. E. Servin, S. M. Goldenberg, H. Staines-Orozco, R. B. Vera-Monroy, and J. G. Silverman. 2018. ““He Invited me and Didn't ask Anything in Return” Migration and Mobility as Vulnerabilities for Sexual Exploitation among Female Adolescents in Mexico.” International Migration 56 (2): 5–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rushing, R. 2006. “Migration and Sexual Exploitation in Vietnam.” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 15 (4): 471–494.
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR. 2020. On this Journey no One Cares if you Die: Abuse, Protection, and Justice along routes between East and West Africa and Africa’s Mediterranean coast, Mixed Migration Center and UNHCR: Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). 2019. World Population Prospects: The 2019 revision, key findings, and advance tables. Working Paper, New York.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2011. Tackling poverty in northern Ghana. Report No. 53991. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar