References

  • Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). 2022. “Reducing Search Barriers for Job Seekers.” J-PAL Policy Insights. https://doi.org/10.31485/pi.2234.2022.
  • Abebe, G., A. S. Caria, M. Fafchamps, P. Falco, S. Franklin, and S. Quinn. 2021. “Anonymity or Distance? Job Search and Labour Market Exclusion in a Growing African City.” The Review of Economic Studies 88 (3): 1279–1310. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdaa057.
  • Abel, M., R. Burger, and P. Piraino. 2020. “The Value of Reference Letters: Experimental Evidence from South Africa.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12 (3): 40–71. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180666.
  • Adegbola, Y. P., G. F. Crinot, S. S. Dassou, A. L. Atacolodjou, B. Kouton-Bognon, M. C.-P. Adegbola, P. Boadu, and A. O. Fatunbi. 2020. “A Review of Youth Employment Initiatives in Benin: Policy Perspectives.” FARA Research Report 5 (2): 34. https://library.faraafrica.org/2021/01/13/a-review-of-youth-employment-initiatives-in-benin-policy-perspectives/.
  • Altmann, S., A. Falk, S. Jäger, and F. Zimmermann. 2018. “Learning About Job Search: A Field Experiment with Job Seekers in Germany.” Journal of Public Economics 64 (June): 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.05.003.
  • Alzúa, M. L., G. Cruces, and C. Lopez. 2016. “Long-Run Effects of Youth Training Programmes: Experimental Evidence from Argentina.” Economic Inquiry 54 (4): 1839–1859. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12348.
  • Angrist, J., G. Imbens, and D. Rubin. 1996. “Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 91 (434): 444–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1996.10476902.
  • Baah-Boateng, W. 2014. “Youth Employment Challenges in Africa: Policy Options and Agenda for Future Research.” Paper Presented at the AERC Biannual Conference in Lusaka, Zambia, December. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/William_Baah-Boateng2/publication/272418275_Youth_employment_challenges_in_Africa_Policy_options_and_agenda_for_future_research/links/553501710cf2df9ea6a417fa.pdf.
  • Baah-Boateng, W. 2016. “The Youth Unemployment Challenge in Africa: What are the Drivers?” The Economic and Labour Relations Review 27 (4): 413–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/1035304616645030.
  • Babcock, L., W. J. Congdon, L. F. Katz, and S. Mullainathan. 2012. “Notes on Behavioral Economics and Labor Market Policy.” IZA Journal of Labor Policy 1 (2): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9004-1-2.
  • Bell, D. N., and D. G. Blanchflower. 2011. “Young People and the Great Recession.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 27 (2): 241–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grr011.
  • Belot, M., P. Kircher, and P. Muller. 2019. “Providing Advice to Jobseekers at Low Cost: An Experimental Study on Online Advice.” The Review of Economic Studies 86 (4): 1411–1447. https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy059.
  • Bhatia, A., S. Navjeevan, and U. Dhaliwal. 2013. “Mentoring for First Year Medical Students: Humanising Medical Education.” Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 10 (2): 100–103. https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2013.030.
  • Broussar, N. H., and T. G. Tekleselassie. 2012. “Youth Unemployment: Ethiopia Country Case Study.” London: International Growth Centre. http://www.youthpolicy.org/library/wp-content/uploads/library/2012_Youth_Unemployment_Ethiopia_Country_Guide_Eng.pdf.
  • Castanheira, P. S. P. 2016. “Mentoring for Educators’ Professional Learning and Development.” International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education 5 (4): 334–346. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMCE-10-2015-0030.
  • Chakravarty, S., S. Das, and J. Vaillant. 2017. Gender and Youth Employment in sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Constraints and Effective Interventions. Policy Research Working Paper No. 8245. Washington, DC: The World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28905.
  • Chen, Y. C. 2013. “Effect of Reverse Mentoring on Traditional Mentoring Functions.” Leadership and Management in Engineering 13 (3): 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000227.
  • Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Dedehouanou, S. F. A., H. G. Houeninvo, S. E. A. Dedehouanou, D. I. Monwanou, U. J. Tossou, and M. M. M. Mintogbe. 2018. “Youth Unemployment and Transition from School to Work in Benin.” Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) Research Paper. http://hdl.voced.edu.au/10707/499212.
  • Dekker, M., and S. Hollander. 2017. “Boosting Youth Employment in Africa: What Works and Why?” Synthesis Report for the INCLUDE/MFA Conference, The Hague, May. http://includeplatform.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/INCLUDE-Synthesis-report-30-May_FINAL.pdf.
  • DeWit, D., D. DuBois, G. Erdem, S. Larose, E. Lipman, D. J. DeWit, and E. L. Lipman. 2016. “The Role of Program-Supported Mentoring Relationships in Promoting Youth Mental Health, Behavioral and Developmental Outcomes.” Prevention Science 17 (5): 646–657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-016-0663-2.
  • DuBois, D. L., B. E. Holloway, J. C. Valentine, and H. Cooper. 2002. “Effectiveness of Mentoring Programmes for Youth: A Meta-Analytic Review.” American Journal of Community Psychology 30 (2): 157–197. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014628810714.
  • Eby, L. T., T. D. Allen, B. J. Hoffman, L. E. Baranik, J. B. Sauer, S. Baldwin, M. A. Morrison, et al. 2013. “An Interdisciplinary Meta-Analysis of the Potential Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences of Protégé Perceptions of Mentoring.” Psychological Bulletin 139 (2): 441–476. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029279.
  • ECA (Economic Commission for Africa). 2018. “Country Profile 2018.” https://www.uneca.org/fr/content/selon-un-rapport-de-la-commission-%C3%A9conomique-pourl%E2%80%99afrique-le-taux-de-sous-emploi-serait-de.
  • Elder, S., and K. S. Koné. 2014. “Labour Market Transitions of Young Women and Men in Sub-Saharan Africa.” International Labour Organization. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_235754.pdf.
  • Eliason, M., L. Hensvik, F. Kramarz, and O. N. Skans. 2019. “Social Connections and the Sorting of Workers to Firms.” IZA Discussion Paper No. 12323. https://docs.iza.org/dp12323.pdf.
  • Getachew, A., and D. Gobena. 2016. “Career Development among Undergraduate Students of Madda Walabu University, South East Ethiopia.” Journal of Student Affairs in Africa 4 (2): 25–37. https://doi.org/10.14426/jsaa.v4i2.1529.
  • Hamilton, L. K., J. Boman, H. Rubin, and B. K. Sahota. 2019. “Examining the Impact of a University Mentorship Program on Student Outcomes.” International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education 8 (1): 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMCE-02-2018-0013.
  • Heslin, P. A., and D. B. Turban. 2016. “Enabling Career Success.” Organisational Dynamics 45 (3): 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.07.001.
  • Huma, H. 2016. “Barriers to Youth Work Opportunities.” OpenDocs. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/13059.
  • INSAE (Institut National de la Statistique et de l'Analyse Economique). 2013. “Transition vers le marché du travail des jeunes femmes et hommes au Bénin.” Work4Youth Série de publication No.7, Geneve: BIT. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_232791.pdf.
  • Ismail, O. 2016. “What’s in a Job? The Social Context of Youth Employment Issues in Africa.” Journal of African Economies 25 (Suppl 1): i37–i60. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejv028.
  • Jensen, R. 2012. “Do Labor Market Opportunities Affect Young Women's Work and Family Decisions? Experimental Evidence from India.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 127 (2): 753–792. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs002.
  • Kaki, R. S., S. A. R. Dossou, R. C. Gbedomon, F. S. Thoto, D. M. Houessou, K. Gandji, and A. K. N. Aoudji. 2022. “Can Mentoring Lighten Gendered Constraints in the Process of Getting Jobs in the Agricultural Sector in Benin?” Research Report, 70p.
  • Kaki, R. S., R. C. Gbedomon, F. S. Thoto, D. M. Houessou, K. Gandji, and A. K. N. Aoudji. 2022. “Skills Mismatch in the Agricultural Labour Market in Benin: Vertical and Horizontal Mismatch.” International Journal of Lifelong Education 41 (3): 343–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2022.2075480.
  • Kloman-Kouakou, V., K. C. Kouakou, and M. B. P. Gbakou. 2020. “Capital social, employabilité et qualité de l’emploi des jeunes diplômés en Côte d’Ivoire.” Revue ivoirienne de Sciences et de Gestion 1:65–86.
  • Kluve, J., S. Puerto, D. Robalino, J. M. Romero, F. Rother, J. Stöterau, F. Weidenkaff, and M. Witte. 2016. “Interventions to Improve the Labour Market Outcomes of Youth: A Systematic Review of Training, Entrepreneurship Promotion, Employment Services and Subsidized Employment Interventions.” http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/–ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_508938.pdf.
  • Kupersmidt, J., and J. Rhodes. 2014. “Mentor Training.” In Handbook of Youth Mentoring, edited by D. DuBois, and M. J. Karcher, 439–456. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Moore, K. 2015. “Fostering Economic Opportunities for Youth in Africa: A Comprehensive Approach.” Enterprise Development and Microfinance 26 (2): 195–209. https://doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2015.017.
  • Mubuuke, A. G., S. N. Mbalinda, I. G. Munabi, D. Kateete, R. B. Opoka, and S. Kiguli. 2020. “Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Faculty on Mentorship: An Exploratory Interpretivist Study at a sub-Saharan African Medical School.” BMC Medical Education 20 (1): 192. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02101-9.
  • OIT (Organisation Internationale du Travail). 2013. “Etudes réalisées sur le marché du travail en Afrique.” http://www.lafriquedesidees.org/marche-de-lemploi-en-afrique-les-facteurs-modernes-de-blocage/#_ftnref1.
  • Radlick, R. L., J. Mirkovic, S. Przedpelska, E. H. Brendmo, and D. Gammon. 2020. “Experiences and Needs among Multicultural Youth and Their Mentors, and Implications for Digital Mentoring Platforms: Qualitative Exploratory Study.” JMIR Formative Research 4 (1): e15500. https://doi.org/10.2196/15500.
  • Raposa, E. B., J. Rhodes, G. J. J. M. Stams, N. Card, S. Burton, S. Schwartz, L. A. Y. Sykes, S. Kanchewa, J. Kupersmidt, and S. Hussain. 2019. “ The Effects of Youth Mentoring Programmes: A Meta-Analysis of Outcome.” Studies. Journal of Youth Adolescence 48 (3): 423–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-00982-8.
  • Rhodes, J. E. 2005. “A Model of Youth Mentoring.” In Handbook of Youth Mentoring, edited by D. L. DuBois, and M. J. Karcher, 30–43. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Stukas, A. A., E. G. Clary, and M. Snyder. 2014. “Mentor Recruitment and Retention.” In Handbook of Youth Mentoring, edited by D. DuBois, and M. J. Karcher, 397–409. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Van Dam, L., D. Smit, B. Wildschut, S. J. T. Branje, J. E. Rhodes, M. Assink, and G. J. Stams. 2018. “Does Natural Mentoring Matter: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis on the Association Between Natural Mentoring and Youth Outcomes.” American Journal of Community Psychology 62 (1-2): 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12248.
  • Vries, J. D., C. Webb, and J. Eveline. 2006. “Mentoring for Gender Equality and Organisational Change.” Employee Relations 28 (6): 573–587. https://doi.org/10.1108/01425450610704506.
  • Webber, S., and C. Prousen. 2018. “The New Gold Standard: The Rise of Randomized Control Trials and Experimental Development.” Economic Geography 94:2. https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2017.1392235.
  • Wheeler, L., R. Garlick, E. Johnson, P. Shaw, and M. Gargano. 2022. “LinkedIn(to) Job Opportunities: Experimental Evidence from Job Readiness Training.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 14 (2): 101–125. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200025.
  • World Bank. 2019. “Youth Unemployment (Modeled ILO Estimate).” From International Labour Organisation, ILOSTAT Database. Data retrieved in September 2019. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/sl.uem.1524.zs.
  • Yeboah, F. K., and T. S. Jayne. 2018. “Africa’s Evolving Employment Trends.” The Journal of Development Studies 54 (5): 803–832. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2018.1430767.
  • Zhang, Y., Y. Qian, J. Wu, F. Wen, and Y. Zhang. 2016. “The Effectiveness and Implementation of Mentoring Programme for Newly Graduated Nurses: A Systematic Review.” Nurse Education Today 37:136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.11.027.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.