Time spent outdoors and seasonal variation in serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Korean women

References

• Asknes L, Rodland O & Aarskog D (1984): Serum levels of vitamin D3 and 25-ydroxyvitamin D3 in the elderly and young adults. Bone Min. 3, 351-357.
   Google Scholar
• Bell NH, Greene A, Epstein S, Oexmann HJ , Shaw W & Shary J (1985): Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D endocrine system in Blacks. J. Pedr. 76, 470-473.
   Google Scholar
• Chapuy MC, Chaupy Paul & Meurier PJ (1987): Ca and vitamin D supplement: effect on Ca metabolism in elderly people. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 46, 324-328.
   Google Scholar
• Chesney RW, Rosen AJ , Hamstra C, Smith KM , DeLuca (1981a). Absence of seasonal variation in serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D despite a rise in 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in summer. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 53, 1399-1421.
   Google Scholar
• Chesney RW, Zimmerman J, Hamsta A, DeLuca HF & Mazess RB (1981b): Vitamin D metabolite concentrations in vitamin D deficiency. Are cacitriol levels normal? Am. J. Dis. Child 135, 1025-1028.
   Google Scholar
• Corless D, BeerM, Boucher BJ , Gupta SP & Cohen RD (1975): Vitamin D status in long-stay geriatric patients. Lancet 1, 404-406.
   Google Scholar
• Delvin EE, Inbach A & CoptiM (1988): Vitamin D nutritional status and related biochemical indices in an autonomous elderly population. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 48, 373-378.
   Google Scholar
• Devgun MS, Paterson CR , Johnson BE & Cohen C. (1981): Vitamin D nutrition in relation to season and occupation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34, 1501-1504.
   Google Scholar
• Doubbleman R & Jonxis JHP (1993): Age-dependent vitamin D and vertebral condition of white women living in Curacao as compared with their counterparts in the Netherlands. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58, 106-109.
   Google Scholar
• Falch JA, Oftebro H & Haug E (1987): Early post- menopausal bone loss is not associated with a decrease in circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihy- droxyvitamin D, or vitamin D-binding protein. J. Clin. Endoc. Metab. 64, 836-841. (1994): Food Composition and Nutrition Tables, 5th rev. edn. Medpharm, Scientific Publishers, CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Holick MF, MacLaughlim TA, Holick SA , Potts JT , Anderson RR , Blank IH & Parrish JA (1980): Photo- synthesis of provitamin D3 in human skin and the physiologic consequences. Science 210(10), 203-205.
   Google Scholar
• Kim HB & Park CG (1987): Studies in change on UVA and UVB sunlights in Gongju. J. Kor. Derm. 25(1), 16-24.
   Google Scholar
• Lawson DEM & Paul AA (1979): Relative concentration of diet and sunlight to vitamin D state in the elderly. Br. Med. J. 2, 303-305.
   Google Scholar
• Lips P & Hackeng WHL (1983): Seasonal variation in serum concentration of PTH in elderly people. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 57, 204-206.
   Google Scholar
• Lips P, Hackeng WH L, Jongen MJ M, Ginkel FG & Metelenbon JC (1983): Seasonal variation in serum concentration of PTH in elderly people. J. Clin. Endocri- nol. Metab. 7, 204-206.
   Google Scholar
• Loomis WF (1967): Skin-pigment regulation of vitamin D biosynthesis in man. Science 157, 501-506.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuoka LY, Wortsman JD , Annenberg. MJ, Hollis BW , Lu Z & Holick, MF (1992a): Clothing prevents ultraviolet-B radiation-dependent photosynthesis of vitamin D3. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75, 1099-1103.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuoka LY, Wortsman J, Haddad JG , Kolm P & Hollis BW (1992b): Racial pigmentation and the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D. Arch. Dermatol. 127, 536-538.
   Google Scholar
• Mckenna MJ, Freaney R, Meade A & Muldowrey FP (1985): Hypovitaminosis D and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in elderly Irish people. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 41, 101-109.
   Google Scholar
• Meier DE, Luckey MM , Wallenstein S, Clemens TL , Orwoll ES & Wasllen CI (1991): Calcium, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone status in young white and black women: association with racial differences in bone mass. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 72, 703-710.
   Google Scholar
• Nilas L, Christiansen C & Rodvro P. (1984): Calcium supplementation and postmenopausal bone loss. Br. Med. J. 289(27), 1103-1106.
   Google Scholar
• O'Dowd KJ & Clemens TL (1993): Exogenous calciferol and vitamin D endocrine status and elderly nursing home residents in NY city area. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 41, 4114-4119.
   Google Scholar
• Omdahl JC & Garry PJ (1982): Nutrition status in a healthy elderly population: vitamin D. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 36, 1125-1232.
   Google Scholar
• Omdahl JL, Garry PJ , Hunsaker LA , Hunt WC & Goodwin JS (1982): Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: vitamin D. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 36, 1225-1233.
   Google Scholar
• Sedrani SH, Elidrissy AWTH & Arabi KME (1983) Sunlight and vitamin D status in normal Saudi subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 38, 129-132.
   Google Scholar
• The Composition of Foods, 4th edn. (1991) Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.
   Google Scholar
• Tian XQ, Chen TC , Matsuoka LY , Wortsman J & Holick MF (1993): Kinetics and thermodynamic studies of the conversion of previtamin D3 in human skin. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 14888-14892.
   Google Scholar
• Villareal DT, Civitelli R, Chines A & Avioli LV (1991): Subclinical vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with low vertebral bone mass. J. Clin. Endocri- nol. Metab. 72, 628-634.
   Google Scholar
• Webb AR & Decosta BR (1987): Sunlight regulated the cutaneous production of vitamin D by causing its phtodegradation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 68, 882-997.
   Google Scholar