Serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia

References

• Ackman RG. 1986. Wcot (capillary) gas-liquid chromatography. In: Hamilton RJ, Rossel JB, editors. Analysis of oils and fats. London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers. p. 137–206.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed SM, Clasen ME, Donnelly JE. 1998. Management of dyslipidemia in adults. Am Fam Physician. 57:2192–2204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoku Y, Tsukamoto K, Miyoshi Y, Nagino H, Anezaki M, Suwa K, Narabe Y. 2000. Correlations of elevated levels of hexacosanoate in erythrocyte membranes with risk factors for atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 153:169–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brigandi SA, Shao H, Qian SY, Shen Y, Wu BL, Kang JX. 2015. Autistic children exhibit decreased levels of essential fatty acids in red blood cells. Int J Mol Sci. 16:10061–10076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bu B, Ashwood P, Harvey D, King IB, van de Water J, Jin LW. 2006. Fatty acid compositions of red blood cell phospholipids in children with autism. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 74:215–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bueno AA, Brand A, Neville MM, Lehane C, Brierley N, Crawford MA. 2015. Erythrocyte phospholipid molecular species and fatty acids of Down syndrome children compared with non-affected siblings. Br J Nutr. 113:72–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burrows T, Collins CE, Garg ML. 2011. Omega-3 index, obesity and insulin resistance in children. Int J Pediatr Obes. 6:532–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnovale E, Marletta L. 2000. Tabelle di composizione degli alimenti: aggiornamento 2000. Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione. Milano: Edizioni Edra.
   Google Scholar
• European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen MR, Wiklund O, Agewall S, Alegria E, Chapman MJet al. 2011. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Atherosclerosis. 217:3–46.
   Google Scholar
• Chen JR, Hsu SF, Hsu CD, Hwang LH, Yang SC. 2004. Dietary patterns and blood fatty acid composition in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan. J Nutr Biochem. 15:467–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortés E, Rizo-Baeza MM, Aguilar MJ, Hidalgo MJ, Gil V. 2012. Correspondence between the fatty acids in healthy children serum and in membrane phospholipids. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 28:1541–1545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decsi T, Minda H, Hermann R, Kozári A, Erhardt E, Burus I, Soltész G. 2002. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipids of diabetic children. Prostag Leukotr Ess. 67:203–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durrington P. 2003. Dyslipidaemia. Lancet. 362:717–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelmann B, Streich S, Schönthier UM, Richter WO, Duhm J. 1992. Changes of membrane phospholipid composition of human erythrocytes in hyperlipidemias. I. Increased phosphatidylcholine and reduced sphingomyelin in patients with elevated levels of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. BBA-Lipid Lipid Met. 1165:32–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: summary report. 2011. Pediatrics. 128:S213–S256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farquhar JW, Ahrens Jr EH. 1963. Effects of dietary fats on human erythrocyte fatty acid patterns. J Clin Invest. 42:675–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez ML, West KL. 2005. Mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids modulate plasma lipids. J Nutr. 135:2075–2078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrucci L, Cherubini A, Bandinelli S, Bartali B, Corsi A, Lauretani F, Martin A, Andres-Lacueva C, Senin U, Guralnik JM. 2006. Relationship of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids to circulating inflammatory markers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 91:439–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill JMR, Brown JC, Caslake MJ, Wright DM, Cooney J, Bedford D, Hughes DA, Stanley JC, Packard CJ. 2003. Effects of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids on lipoprotein concentrations, compositions, and subfraction distributions and on VLDL apolipoprotein B kinetics: dose-dependent effects on LDL. Am J Clin Nutr. 78:47–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser C, Demmelmair H, Sausenthaler S, Herbarth O, Heinrich J, Koletzko B. 2010. Fatty acid composition of serum glycerophospholipids in children. J Pediatr. 157:826–831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groner JA, Joshi M, Bauer JA. 2006. Pediatric precursors of adult cardiovascular disease: noninvasive assessment of early vascular changes in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 118:1683–1691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guardamagna O, Abello F, Anfossi G, Pirro M. 2011. Lipoprotein(a) and family history of cardiovascular disease in children with familial dyslipidemias. J Pediatr. 159:314–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guardamagna O, Abello F, Cagliero P, Visioli F. 2013. Could dyslipidemic children benefit from glucomannan intake? Nutrition. 29:1060–1065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guardamagna O, Amaretti A, Puddu PE, Raimondi S, Abello F, Cagliero P, Rossi M. 2014. Bifidobacteria supplementation: effects on plasma lipid profiles in dyslipidemic children. Nutrition. 30:831. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.01.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haney EM, Huffman LH, Bougatsos C, Freeman M, Steiner RD, Helfand M, Nelson HD. 2007. Screening and treatment for lipid disorders in children and adolescents: systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Pediatrics. 120:189–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris WS, Sands SA, Windsor SL, Ali HA, Stevens TL, Magalski A, Porter CB, Borkon AM. 2004. Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiac biopsies from heart transplantation patients: correlation with erythrocytes and response to supplementation. Circulation. 110:1645–1649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris WS, Thomas RM. 2010. Biological variability of blood omega-3 biomarkers. Clin Biochem. 43:338–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris WS, von Schacky C. 2004. The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease? Prev Med. 39:212–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodson L, Skeaff CM, Fielding BA. 2008. Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and blood in humans and its use as a biomarker of dietary intake. Prog Lipid Res. 47:348–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs S, Schiller K, Jansen E, Fritsche A, Weikert C, di Giuseppe R, Boeing H, Schulze MB, Kröger J. 2014. Association between erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and biomarkers of dyslipidemia in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 68:517–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobik V, Burus I, Decsi T. 2009. Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids in healthy subjects from birth to young adulthood. Eur J Pediatr. 168:141–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelenkovic A, Bogl LH, Rose RJ, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Ala-Korpela M, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. 2014. Association between serum fatty acids and lipoprotein subclass profile in healthy young adults: exploring common genetic and environmental factors. Atherosclerosis. 233:394–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnan S, Fields DA, Copeland KC, Blackett PR, Anderson MP, Gardner AW. 2012. Gender differences in cardiovascular risk in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Gender Med. 9:251–258.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuratko CN, Salem N. 2009. Biomarkers of DHA status. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 81:111–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laryea M, Cieslicki P, Diekmann E, Wendel U. 1990. Age-dependent fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in healthy children. Z Ernahrungswiss. 29:284–294.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lausada NR, Boullon S, Boullon F, de Gomez Dumm INT. 2007. Erythrocyte membrane, plasma and atherosclerotic plaque lipid pattern in coronary heart disease. Medicina-B Aires. 67:451–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas AHEM, Appelman YEA. 2010. Gender differences in coronary heart disease. Neth Heart J. 18:598–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malerba G, Schaeffer L, Xumerle L, Klopp N, Trabetti E, Biscuola M, Cavallari U, Galavotti R, Martinelli N, Guarini P, et al. 2008. SNPs of the FADS gene cluster are associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids in a cohort of patients with cardiovascular disease. Lipids. 43:289–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marelli A, Gauvreau K, Landzberg M, Jenkins K. 2010. Sex differences in mortality in children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery: a United States population-based study. Circulation. 122:S234–S240.
   Google Scholar
• Marks PA, Gellhorn A, Kidson C. 1960. Lipid synthesis in human leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. J Biol Chem. 235:2579–2583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthan NR, Ooi EM, Van Horn L, Neuhouser ML, Woodman R, Lichtenstein AH. 2014. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers of dietary fat quality and endogenous metabolism predict coronary heart disease risk: a nested case-control study within the Women’s Health Initiative observational study. J Am Heart Assoc. 3:e000764. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayneris-Perxachs J, Guerendiain M, Castellote AI, Estruch R, Covas MI, Fitó M, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Aros F, Lamuela-Raventós RM, et al. 2014. Plasma fatty acid composition, estimated desaturase activities, and their relation with the metabolic syndrome in a population at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Clin Nutr. 33:90–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGill HC, Jr McMahan CA, Herderick EE, Malcom GT, Tracy RE, Strong JP. 2000. Origin of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence. Am J Clin Nutr. 72:1307S–1315s.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosca L, Barrett-Connor E, Wenger NK. 2011. Sex/gender differences in cardiovascular disease prevention: what a difference a decade makes. Circulation. 124:2145–2154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motoyama KR, Curb JD, Kadowaki T, El-Saed A, Abbott RD, Okamura T, Evans RW, Nakamura Y, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Rodriquez BL, et al. 2009. Association of serum n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with lipids in 3 populations of middle-aged men. Am J Clin Nutr. 90:49–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukuddem-Petersen J, Oosthuizen W, Jerling JC. 2005. A systematic review of the effects of nuts on blood lipid profiles in humans. J Nutr. 135:2082–2089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman WP, 3rd, Freedman DS, Voors AW, Gard PD, Srinivasan SR, Cresanta JL, Williamson GD, Webber LS, Berenson GS. 1986. Relation of serum lipoprotein levels and systolic blood pressure to early atherosclerosis. The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 314:138–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novgorodtseva TP, Kantur TA, Karaman YK, Antonyuk MV, Zhukova NV. 2011. Modification of fatty acids composition in erythrocytes lipids in arterial hypertension associated with dyslipidemia. Lipids Health Dis. 10:18. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perona JS, González-Jiménez E, Aguilar-Cordero MJ, Sureda A, Barceló F. 2013. Structural and compositional changes in erythrocyte membrane of obese compared to normal-weight adolescents. J Membr Biol. 246:939–947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed CF. 1968. Phospholipid exchange between plasma and erythrocytes in man and the dog. J Clin Invest. 47:749–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice HB, Bernasconi A, Maki KC, Harris WS, von Schacky C, Calder PC. 2016. Conducting omega-3 clinical trials with cardiovascular outcomes: proceedings of a workshop held at ISSFAL 2014. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 107:30–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ristic-Medic D, Suzic S, Vucic V, Takic M, Tepsic J, Glibetic M. 2009. Serum and erythrocyte membrane phospholipids fatty acid composition in hyperlipidemia: effects of dietary intervention and combined diet and fibrate therapy. Gen Physiol Biophys. 28:190–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkkinen ES, Agren JJ, Ahola I, Ovaskainen ML, Uusitupa MI. 1994. Fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters, and erythrocyte and platelet membranes as indicators of long-term adherence to fat-modified diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 59:364–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaeffer L, Gohlke H, Müller M, Heid IM, Palmer LJ, Kompauer I, Demmelmair H, Illig T, Koletzko B, Heinrich J. 2006. Common genetic variants of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster and their reconstructed haplotypes are associated with the fatty acid composition in phospholipids. Hum Mol Genet. 15:1745–1756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonetti P, Ciappellano S, Gardana C, Bramati L, Pietta P. 2002. Procyanidins from Vitis vinifera seeds: in vivo effects on oxidative stress. J Agric Food Chem. 50:6217–6221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence JD, Pilote L. 2015. Importance of sex and gender in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis. 241:208–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor AJ. 1994. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in hypercholesterolemia. Ann Clin Biochem. 31:351–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosi F, Sartori F, Guarini P, Olivieri O, Martinelli N. 2014. Delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases: crucial enzymes in polyunsaturated fatty acid-related pathways with pleiotropic influences in health and disease. In: Camps J, editor. Oxidative stress and inflammation in non-communicable diseases – molecular mechanisms and perspectives in therapeutics. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 824. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 61–81.
   Google Scholar
• Trebble TM, Wootton SA, May A, Erlewyn-Lajeunesse MDS, Chakraborty A, Mullee MA, Stroud MA, Beattie RM. 2003. Essential fatty acid status in pediatric Crohn’s disease: relationship with disease activity and nutritional status. Aliment Pharm Therap. 18:433–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tziakas DN, Chalikias GK, Stakos D, Boudoulas H. 2010. The role of red blood cells in the progression and instability of atherosclerotic plaque. Int J Cardiol. 142:2–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaisman N, Kaysar N, Zaruk-Adasha Y, Pelled D, Brichon G, Zwingelstein G, Bodennec J. 2008. Correlation between changes in blood fatty acid composition and visual sustained attention performance in children with inattention: effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids containing phospholipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 87:1170–1180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanderJagt DJ, Trujillo MR, Bode-Thomas F, Huang YS, Chuang LT, Glew RH. 2003. Phase angle correlates with n-3 fatty acids and cholesterol in red cells of Nigerian children with sickle cell disease. Lipids Health Dis. 2:1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vayá A, Martínez Triguero M, Réganon E, Vila V, Martínez Sales V, Solá E, Hernández Mijares A, Ricart A. 2009. Erythrocyte membrane composition in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Clin Hemorheol Micro. 41:67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venäläinen T, Ågren J, Schwab U, de Mello VD, Eloranta AM, Laaksonen DE, Lindi V, Lakka TA. 2016. Cross-sectional associations of plasma fatty acid composition and estimated desaturase and elongase activities with cardiometabolic risk in Finnish children – The PANIC study. J Clin Lipidol. 10:82–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Schacky C. 2010. Omega-3 index and sudden cardiac death. Nutrients. 2:375–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang M, Rahman MA, Ai H, Li X, Harbige LS. 2007. Diet and gene expression: delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases in healthy Chinese and European subjects. Ann Nutr Metab. 50:492–498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu S, Derr J, Etherton TD, Kris-Etherton PM. 1995. Plasma cholesterol-predictive equations demonstrate that stearic acid is neutral and monounsaturated fatty acids are hypocholesterolemic. Am J Clin Nutr. 61:1129–1139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar