Effect of various diets on biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome

References

• Adamsson V, Reumark A, Cederholm T, Vessby B, Risérus U, Johansson G. 2012. What is a healthy Nordic diet? Foods and nutrients in the NORDIET study. Food Nutr Res. 56:18189. Doi: 10.3402/fnr.v56iO.18189/
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahluwalia N, Andreeva VA, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S. 2013. Dietary patterns, inflammation and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab. 39:99–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahn Y, Park SJ, Kwack HK, Kim MK, Ko KP, Kim SS. 2013. Rice-eating pattern and the risk of metabolic syndrome especially waist circumference in Korean genome and epidemiology study (KOGES). BMC Public Health. 13:61. Doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akter S, Nanri A, Pham NM, Kurotani K, Mizoue T. 2013. Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a Japanese working population. Nutr and Metab. 10:30. Doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-30.
   Google Scholar
• Ambroszkiewicz J, Klemarczyk W, Gajewska J, Chelchowska M, Rowicka G, Oltarzewski M, Laskowska-Klita T. 2011. Serum concentration of adipocytokines in prepubertal vegetarian and omnivorous children. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 15:326–334.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amini M, Esmailzadeh A, Shafaeizadeh S, Behrooz J, Zare M. 2010. Relationship between major dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition. 26:986–992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen R, Biltoft-Jensen A, Christensen T, Andersen EW, Ege M, Thorsen AV, Dalskov SM, Damsgaard CT, Astrup A, Michaelsen KF. 2014. Dietary effects of introducing school meals based on the New Nordic Diet – a randomized controlled trial in Danish children. The OPUS School Meal Study. Br J Nutr. 111:1967–1976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asghari G, Yuzbashian E, Mirmiran P, Mahmoodi B, Azizi F. 2015. Fast food intake increases the incidence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. PLoS One. 10:e0139641. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139641
   Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Kakafika AI, Papageorgiou AA, Tziomalos K, Peletidou A, Vosikis C, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. 2011. Effect of a plant stanol ester-containing spread, placebo spread, or Mediterranean diet on estimated cardiovascular risk and lipid, inflammatory and haemostatic factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 21:213–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi T, Azizi F. 2005. Beneficial effects of a dietary approaches to stop hypertension eating plan on features of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 28:2823–2831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azzini E, Polito A, Fumagalli A, Intorre F, Venneria E, Durazzo A, Zaccaria M, Ciarapica D, Foddai MS, Mauro B, et al. 2011. Mediterranean diet effect: an Italian picture. Nutr J. 10:125. Doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babio N, Bullo M, Basora J, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Fernandez-Ballart J, Marquez-Sandovol F, Molina C, Salas-Salvado J. 2009. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 19:563–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babio N, Bullo M, Salas-Salvado J. 2009. Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: the evidence. Public Health Nutr. 12:1607–1617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babio N, Becerra-Tomas N, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Sayon-Orea C, Fitó M, Serra-Majem L, Arós F, et al. 2015. Consumption of yoghurt, low-fat milk, and other low-fat dairy products is associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome in an elderly Mediterranean population. J Nutr. 145:2308–2316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Azizi F. 2013. Fast food consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome after 3-years of follow-up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 67:1303–1309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barona J, Jones JJ, Kopec RE, Comperatore M, Andersen C, Schwartz SJ, Lerman RH, Fernandez ML. 2012. A Mediterranean-style low-glycemic-load diet increases plasma carotenoids and decreases LDL oxidation in women with metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem. 23:609–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter AJ, Coyne T, McClintock C. 2006. Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome-a review of epidemiologic evidence. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 15:134–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker W, Lyhne N, Pedersen A, Aro A, Fogelhorn M, Phorsdottir I, Alexander J, Anderssen SA, Meltzer HM, Pedersen JI. 2004. Nordic nutrition recommendations 2004. Integrating nutrition and physical activity. Scand J Nutr. 48:178–187.
   Google Scholar
• Bekkouche L, Bouchenak M, Malaissa WJ, Yahia DA. 2014. The Mediterranean diet adoption improves metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory abnormalities in Algerian metabolic syndrome patients. Horm Metab Res. 46:274–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bere E, Brug J. 2009. Towards health-promoting and environmentally friendly regional diets - a Nordic example. Public Health Nutr. 12:91–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bian S, Gao Y, Zhang M, Wang X, Liu W, Zhang D, Huang G. 2013. Dietary nutrient intake and metabolic syndrome risk in Chinese adults: a case-control study. Nutr J. 12:106. Doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blüher M, Rudich A, Kloting N, Golan R, Henkin Y, Rubin E, Schwarzfuchs D, Gepner Y, Stampfer MJ, Fiedler M, et al. 2012. Two patterns of adipokine and other biomarker dynamics in a long-term weight loss intervention. Diabetes Care. 35:342–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbury KE, Crowe FI, Appleby PN, Schmidt JA, Travis JA, Key TJ. 2014. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1, and apolipoprotein B in a total of 1694 meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans. Eur J Clin Nutr. 68:178–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brader L, Rejnmark L, Carlberg C, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Rosqvist F, Cloetens L, Landin-Olsson M, Gunnarsdottir I, Poutanen KS, et al. 2014. Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, (corrected) controlled trial (SYSDIET). Eur J Nutr. 53:1123–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brader L, Uusitupa M, Dragsted LO, Hermansen K. 2014. Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on ambulatory blood pressure in metabolic syndrome: a randomized SYSDIET sub-study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 68:57–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruscato NM, da Costa Vieira JL, do Nascimento NMR, Canto MEP, Stobbe JC, Gottlieb MG, Wagner MB, Dalacorte RG. 2010. Dietary intake is not associated to the metabolic syndrome in elderly women. North Am J Med Sci. 2:182–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calton EK, James AP, Pannu PK, Soares MJ. 2014. Certain dietary patterns are beneficial for the metabolic syndrome: reviewing the evidence. Nutr Res. 34:559–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas R, Sacanella E, Estruch R. 2014. The immune protective effect of the Mediterranean diet against chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 14:245–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CW, Lin YL, Lin TK, Lin CT, Chen BC, Lin CL. 2008. Total cardiovascular risk profile of Taiwanese vegetarians. Eur J Clin Nutr. 62:138–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CW, Lin CT, Lin YL, Lin TK, Lin CL. 2011. Taiwanese female vegetarians have lower lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 compared with omnivores. Yonsei Med J. 52:13–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang JK, Lin YL, Chen CL, Ouyang CM, Wu YT, Chi YC, Huang KC, Yang WS. 2013. Reduced risk for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance associated with ovo-lacto-vegetarian behavior in female Buddhists: a case-control study. PLoS One. 8:e71799. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu S, Bergeron N, Williams PT, Bray GA, Sutherland B, Krauss RM. 2016. Comparison of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and a higher-fat DASH diet on blood pressure and lipids and lipoproteins: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 103:341–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu Y-F, Hsu C-C, Chiu THT, Lee C-Y, Liu T-T, Tsao CK, Chuang S-C, An Hsiung CA. 2015. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of metabolic profiles between vegetarian and non-vegetarian subjects: a matched cohort study. Br J Nutr. 114:1313–1320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho YA, Kim J, Cho ER, Shin A. 2011. Dietary patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 21:893–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi JH, Woo HD, Lee JH, Jeongseon K. 2015. Dietary patterns and risk for metabolic syndrome in Korean women: a cross-sectional study. Medicine. 94:e1424. Doi: 10.1097/MD1424
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Craig WJ, Mangels AR, American Dietetic Association. 2009. Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 109:1266–1282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai J, Miller AH, Bremner JD, Goldberg J, Jones L, Shallenberger L, Buckham R, Murrah NV, Veledar E, Wilson PW, Vaccarino V. 2008. Adherence to the mediterranean diet is inversely associated with circulating interleukin-6 among middle-aged men: a twin study. Circulation. 117:169–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damsgaard CT, Ritz C, Dalskov S-M, Landberg R, Stark KD, Biltoft-Jensen A, Tetens I, Astrup A, Michaelsen KF, Lauritzen L. 2016. Associations between school meal-induced dietary changes and metabolic syndrome markers in 8–11-year-old Danish children. Eur J Nutr. 55:1973–1984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damsgaard CT, Dalskov SM, Laursen RP, Ritz C, Hjorth MF, Lauritzen L, Sorensen LB, Petersen RA, Andersen MR, Stender S, et al. 2014. Provision of healthy school meals does not affect the metabolic syndrome score in 8–11-year-old children, but reduces cardiometabolic risk markers despite increasing waist circumference. Br J Nutr. 112:1826–1836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dansinger ML, Schaefer EJ. 2006. Low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets for the metabolic syndrome? Curr Diab Rep. 6:55–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Biase SG, Carrocha Fernandes SF, Gianini RJ, Duarte JL. 2007. Vegetarian diet and cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Arq Bras Cardiol. 88:35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X20070001000006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. 1991. Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care. 14:173–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshmukh-Taskar P, Nicklas TA, O’Neil CE. 2013. The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in young adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): 1999–2006. Public Health Nutr. 16:2073–2082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devaraj S, Wang-Polagruto J, Polagruto J, Keen CL, Jialal I. 2008. High-fat, energy-dense, fast-food-style breakfast results in an increase in oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Metabolism. 57:867–870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmailzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, Azadbakht L, Hu FB, Willett WC. 2007. Dietary patterns, insulin resistance, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 85:910–918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espino-Montoro A, Lopez-Miranda J, Castro P, Rodriguez M, Lopez-Segura F, Blanco A, Jimenez-Pereperez JA. 1996. Monounsaturated fatty acid enriched diets lower plasma insulin levels and blood pressure in healthy young men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 6:147–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito K, Marfella R, Ciotola M, Di Palo C, Giugliano F, Giugliano G, D’armiento M, D’Andrea F, Giugliano D. 2004. Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial. JAMA. 292:1440–1446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito K, Kastorini C-M, Panagiotakos DB, Giugliano D. 2013. Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome: an updated systematic review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 14:255–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldeisen SE, Tucker KL. 2007. Nutritional strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 32:46–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festa A, D’Agostino R, Jr, Howard C, Mykkanen L, Tracy RP, Haffner SM. 2000. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulation. 102:42–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca MJ, Gaio R, Lopes C, Santos AC. 2012. Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a sample of Portugese adults. Nutr J. 11:64. Doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazer GE. 2009. Vegetarian diets: what do we know of their effects on common chronic disease? Am J Clin Nutr. 89:1607S–1612S.
   Google Scholar
• Gadgil MD, Anderson CA, Kandula NR, Kanaya AM. 2014. Dietary patterns in Asian Indians in the United States: an analysis of the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in South Asians living in America study. J Acad Nutr Diet. 114:238–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia JB, Rentero PZ, Canovas JM. 2014. Biochemical and nutritional markers and antioxidant activity in metabolic syndrome. Endocrinol Nutr. 61:302–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia M, Bihuniak JD, Shook J, Kenny A, Kerstetter J, Huedo-Medina TB. 2016. The effect of the traditional Mediterranean-style diet on metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis. Nutrients. 8:168. Doi:10.3390/nu8030168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garduno-Diaz SD, Khokhar S. 2013. South Asian dietary patterns and their association with risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. J Hum Nutr Diet. 26:145–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giugliano D, Ceriello A, Esposito K. 2008. Are there specific treatments for the metabolic syndrome? Am J Clin Nutr. 87:8–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giugliano D, Esposito K. 2008. Mediterranean diet and metabolic diseases. Curr Opin Lipidol. 19:63–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotsis E, Anagnostis P, Mariolis A, Viachou A, Katsiki N, Karagiannis A. 2015. Health benefits of the Mediterranean diet: an update of research over the last 5 years. Angiology. 66:304–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosso G, Stepaniak U, Micek A, Topor-Madry R, Stefler D, Szafraniec K, Bobak M, Pajak A. 2015. A Mediterranean-type diet is associated with better metabolic profile in urban Polish adults: results from the HAPIEE study. Metab Clin Exp. 64:738–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage, PJ, Smith SC, et al. 2005. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 112:2735–2752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermsdorff HH, Zulet MA, Abete I, Martinez JA. 2009. Discriminated benefits of a Mediterranean dietary pattern within a hypocaloric diet program on plasma RBP4 concentrations and other inflammatory markers in obese subjects. Endocrine. 36:445–445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong S, Song Y, Lee KH, Lee HS, Lee M, Jee SH. Joung 2012. A fruit and dairy dietary pattern is associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome. Metab Clin Exp. 61:883–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang CJ, Fan YC, Liu JF, Tsai PS. 2011. Characteristics and nutrient intake of Taiwanese elderly vegetarians: evidence from a national survey. Br J Nutr. 106:451–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang J, Frohlich J, Ignaszewski AP. 2011. The impact of dietary changes and dietary supplements on lipid profile. Systematic review/meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol. 27:488–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YW, Jian ZH, Chang HC, Nfor ON, Ko PC, Lung CC, Lin LY, Ho CC, Chiang YC, Liaw YP. 2014. Vegan diet and blood lipid profiles: a cross-sectional study of pre and postmenopausal women. BMC Womens Health. 14:55. Doi:10.1186/1472-6874-14-55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jian ZH, Chiang YC, Lung CC, Ho CC, Ko PC, Ndi Nfor O, Chang HC, Liaw YC, Liang YC, Liaw YP. 2015. Vegetarian diet and cholesterol and TAG levels by gender. Public Health Nutr. 18:721–726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones JL, Fernandez ML, McIntosh MS, Najm W, Calle MC, Kalynych C, Vukich C, Barona J, Ackermann D, Kim JE, et al. 2011. A Mediterranean-style low-glycemic-load diet improves variables of metabolic syndrome in women, and addition of a phytochemical-rich medical food enhances benefits on lipoprotein metabolism. J Clin Lipidol. 5:188–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones JL, Comperatore M, Barona J, Calle MC, Andersen C, McIntosh M, Najm W, Lerman RH, Fernandez ML. 2012. A Mediterranean-style, low-glycemic-load diet decreases atherogenic lipoproteins and reduces lipoprotein (a) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in women with metabolic syndrome. Metab Clin Exp. 61:366–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonsdottir SE, Brader L, Gunnarsdottir I, Magnusdottir K, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Riserus U, Herzig KH, Cloetens L, Helgegren H, et al. 2013. Adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations in a Nordic population with metabolic syndrome: high salt consumption and low dietary fibre intake (The SYSDIET study). Food Nutr Res. 57:21391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v57i0.21391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jun S, Ha K, Chung S, Joung H. 2016. Meat and milk intake in the rice-based Korean diet: impact on cancer and metabolic syndrome. Proc Nutr Soc. 75:374–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang Y, Kim J. 2016. Gender difference on the association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in Korean population. Eur J Nutr. 55:2321–2330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan NM. 1989. The deadly quartet. Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 149:1514–1520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastorini C-M, Milionis HJ, Esposito K, GiuglianoD Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB. 2011. The effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome and its components: a meta-analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol. 57:1299–1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Jo I. 2011. Grains, vegetables, and fish dietary pattern is inversely associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in South Korean adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 111:1141–1149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MH, Bae YJ. 2012. Postmenopausal vegetarians’ low serum ferritin level may reduce the risk for metabolic syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res. 149:34–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MH, Bae YJ. 2015. Comparative study of serum leptin and insulin resistance levels between Korean postmenopausal vegetarian and non-vegetarian women. Clin Nutr Res. 4:175–181.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim N-H, Shin DH, Kim H-T, Jeong SM, Kim S-Y, Son KY. 2015. Associations between metabolic syndrome and inadequate sleep duration and skipping breakfast. Korean J Fam Med. 36:273–277.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koebnick C, Garcia AL, Dagnelie PC, Strassner C, Lindemans J, Katz N, Leitzmann C, Hoffmann I. 2005. Long-term consumption of a raw food diet is associated with favorable serum LDL cholesterol and triglycerides but also with elevated plasma homocysteine and low serum HDL cholesterol in humans. J Nutr. 135:2372–2378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolehmainen M, Ulven SM, Paananen J, de Mello V, Schwab U, Carlberg C, Myhrstad M, Pihlajamäki J, Dungner E, Sjölin E, et al. 2015. Healthy Nordic diet downregulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 101:228–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krajcovicova-Kudiackova M, Babinska K, Valachvicova M, Spustova V, Mislanova C, Paukova V. 2011. Selected biomarkers of age-related diseases in older subjects with different nutrition. Ratisl Lek Listy. 112:610–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraus RM, Eckel RH, Howard B, Appel LJ, Daniels SR, Deckelbaum RJ, Erdman JW Jr, Kris-Etherton P, Goldberg IJ, Kotchen TA, et al. 2000. AHA Dietary Guidelines revision 2000: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association. Stroke. 31:2751–2766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT. 2002. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 288:2709–2716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lann D, LeRoith D. 2007. Insulin resistance as the underlying cause for the metabolic syndrome. Med Clin North Am. 91:1063–1077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee TC, Ivester P, Hester AG, Sergeant S, Case LD, Morgan T, Kouba EO, Chilton FH. 2014. The impact of polyunsaturated fatty acid-based dietary supplements on disease markers in a metabolic syndrome/diabetes population. Lipids Health Dis. 13:196. Doi:10.1186/1476-511X-13-196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YJ, Nam GE, Seo JA, Yoon T, Seo I, Lee JH, Im D, Bahn KN, Jeong SA, Kang TS, et al. 2014. Nut consumption has favorable effects on lipid profiles of Korean women with metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res. 34:814–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Y, Kang D, Lee SA. 2014. Effect of dietary patterns on serum C-reactive protein level. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 24:1004–1011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YJ, Seo JA, Yoon T, Seo I, Lee JH, Im D, Lee JH, Bahn KN, Ham HS, Jeong SA, et al. 2016. Effects of low-fat milk consumption on metabolic and atherogenic biomarkers in Korean adults with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet. 29:477–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leenen R, Roodenberg AJ, Vissers MN, Schuurbiers JA, Vaan Putte KP, Wiseman SA, van de Put FH. 2002. Supplementation of plasma with olive oil phenols and extracts: influence on LDL oxidation. J Agric Food Chem. 50:1290–1297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li R, Li W, Lun Z, Zhang H, Sun Z, Kanu JS, Qiu S, Cheng Y, Liu Y. 2016. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in mainland China: a meta-analysis of published studies. BMC Public Health. 16:296. Doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2870-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Legarrea P, de la Iglesia R, Abete I, Bondia-Pons I, Navas-Carretero S, Forga L, Martinez JA, Zulet MA. 2013. Short-term role of the dietary total antioxidant capacity in two hypocaloric regimes on obese with metabolic syndrome symptoms: the RESMENA randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab. 10:22. http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/10/1/22
   Google Scholar
• Lutsey PL, Steffen LM, Stevens J. 2008. Dietary intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Circulation. 117:754–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansoub S, Chan MK, Adeli K. 2006. Gap analysis of pediatric reference intervals for risk biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. Clin Biochem. 39:569–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marklund M, Magnusdottir OK, Rosqvist F, Cloetens L, Landberg E, Kolehmainen M, Brader L, Hermansen K, Poutanen KS, Herzig KH, et al. 2014. A dietary biomarker approach captures compliance and cardiometabolic effects of a healthy Nordic diet in individuals with metabolic syndrome. J Nutr. 144:1642–1649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlatt KL, Farbakhsh K, Dengel DR, Lytle LA. 2015. Breakfast and fast food consumption are associated with selected biomarkers in adolescents. Prev Med Rep. 3:49–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Machowetz A, Gruendel S, Garcia AL, Harsch I, Covas M-I, Zunft H-JF, Koebnick C. 2008. Effect of olive oil consumption on serum resistin concentrations in healthy men. Horm Metab Res. 40:697–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayneris-Perxachs J, Sala-Vila A, Chisaguano M, Castellote AI, Estruch R, Covas MI, Fito M, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Lamuela-Raventós R, et al. 2014. Effects of 1-year intervention with a Mediterranean diet on plasma fatty acid composition and metabolic syndrome in a population at high cardiovascular risk. PLoS One. 9:e85202. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085202
   Google Scholar
• Michalsen A, Lehmann N, Pathan C, Knoblauch NTM, Moebus S, Kannenberg F, Binder L, Budde T, Dobos GJ. 2006. Mediterranean diet has no effect on markers of inflammation and metabolic risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Nutr. 60:478–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min C, Noh H, Kang YS, Sim HJ, Baik HW, Song WO, Yoon J, Park YH, Joung H. 2012. Breakfast patterns are associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract. 6:61–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitjavila MT, Fandos M, Salas-Salvado J, Covas M-I, Borrego Sm Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventos R, Corella D, Martínez-Gonzalez MÁ, Sánchez JM, et al. 2013. The Mediterranean diet improves the systemic lipid and DNA oxidative damage in metabolic syndrome individuals. A randomized, controlled, trial. Clin Nutr. 32:172–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mennen LI, Lafay L, Feskens EJM, Novak M, Lepinay P, Balkau B. 2000. Possible protective effect of bread and dairy products on the risk of metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res. 20:335–347.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naja F, Nasreddine L, Itani L, Adra N, Sibai AM, Hwalla N. 2013. Association between dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome among Lebanese adults. Eur J Nutr. 52:97–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neale EP, Batterham MJ, Tapsell LC. 2016. Consumption of a healthy dietary pattern results in significant reductions in C-reactive protein levels in adults: a meta-analysis. Nutr Res. 36:391–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obersby D, Chappell DC, Dunnett A, Tsiami AA. 2013. Plasma total homocysteine status of vegetarians compared with omnivores: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 109:785–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen A, Egeberg R, Halkjaer J, Christensen J, Overvad K. 2011. Healthy aspects of the Nordic diet are related to lower total mortality. J Nutr. 141:639–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onat A, Uyarel H, Hergenç G, Karabulut A, Albayrak K, Yazici M, Keles I. 2006. Serum uric acid is a determinant of metabolic syndrome in a population-based study. Am J Hypertens. 19:1055–1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlich MJ, Fraser GE. 2014. Vegetarian diets in the Adventist Health Study 2: a review of initial published findings. Am J Clin Nutr. 100:353S–358S.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Martinez P, Garcia-Rios A, Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. 2011. Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil and obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Curr Pharm Des. 17:769–777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimenta AM, Toledo E, Rodriguez-Diez MC, Gea A, Lopez-Iracheta R, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. 2015. Dietary indexes, food patterns and incidence of metabolic syndrome in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN project. Clin Nutr. 34:508–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razquin C, Martinez J, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Mitjavila MT, Estruch R, Marti A. 2009. A 3 years follow-up of a Mediterranean diet rich in virgin olive oil is associated with high plasma antioxidant capacity and reduced body weight gain. Eur J Clin Nutr. 63:1387–1393. Doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reaven GM. 1988. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 37:1595–1607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly MP, Lehrki M, Wolfe ML, Rohatgi A, Lazar MA, Rader DJ. 2005. Resistin is an inflammatory marker of atherosclerosis in humans. Circulation. 111:932–939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard C, Coutrue P, Desroches S, Lamarche B. 2013. Effect of the Mediterranean diet with and without weight loss on markers of inflammation in men with metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring). 21:51–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzo NS, Sabaté J, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fraser GE. 2011. Vegetarian dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome: the adventist health study 2. Diabetes Care. 34:1225–1227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robberecht H, Hermans N. 2016. Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome: biochemical background and clinical significance. Part 1: dyslipidemias and markers of oxidative stress. Part 2: markers of inflammation and cardio-metabolic biomarkers. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 14:47–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roussell MA, Hill AM, Gaugler TL, West SG, Heuvel JP, Alaupovic P, Gillies PJ, Kris-Etherton PM. 2012. Beef in an optimal lean diet study: effects on lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. Am J Clin Nutr. 95:9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabaté J, Wien M. 2015. A perspective on vegetarian dietary patterns and risk of metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr. 113:S136–S143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahay RD, Couch SC, Missoni S, Sujoldzic A, Novokmet N, Durakovic Z, Rao MB, Milanović SM, Vuletić S, Deka R, Rudan P. 2013. Dietary patterns in adults from an Adriatic island of Croatia and their associations with metabolic syndrome and its components. Coll Antropol. 37:335–342.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salas-Salvado J, Garcia-Arellano A, Estruch R, Marquez-Sandoval F, Corella D, Fiol M, Gomez-Garcia E, Viñoles E, Arós F, Herrera C, et al. 2008. Components of the Mediterranean-type food pattern and serum inflammatory markers among patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Nutr. 62:651–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salas-Salvado J, Guasch-Ferré M, Bullo M, Sabaté J. 2014. Nuts in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 100:399S–407S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saneei P, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Esmaillzadeh A. 2014. The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet affect inflammation in childhood metabolic syndrome: a randomized cross-over clinical trial. Ann Nutr Metab. 64:20–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwingskackl L, Hoffmann G. 2014. Mediterranean dietary pattern, inflammation and endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 34:929–939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebekova K, Boor P, Valachovicova M, Blazicek P, Parrak V, Babinska K, Heidland A, Krajcovicova-Kudlackova M. 2006. Association of metabolic syndrome risk factors with selected markers of oxidative status and microinflammation in healthy omnivores and vegetarians. Mol Nutr Food Res. 50:858–868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrano-Martinez M, Palacios M, Martinez-Losa E, Lezaun R, Maravi C, Prado M, Martinez A, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. 2005. A Mediterranean dietary style influences TNF-alpha and VCAM-1 coronary blood levels in unstable angina patients. Eur J Nutr. 44:348–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrano-Martinez M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. 2007. Effects of Mediterranean diets on plasma biomarkers of inflammation. Eur J Clin Nutr. 61:1035–1036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seshadri P, Igbal N, Stern L, Williams M, Chicano KL, Daily DA, McGrory J, Gracely EJ, Rader DJ, Samaha FF. 2004. A randomized study comparing the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet and a conventional diet on lipoprotein subfractions and C-reactive protein levels in patients with severe obesity. Am J Med. 117:398–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang P, Shu Z, Wang Y, Li N, Du S, Sun F, Xia Y, Zhan S. 2011. Veganism does not reduce the risk of the metabolic syndrome in a Taiwanese cohort. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 20:404–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin H, Yoon YS, Lee Y, Kim CI, Oh SW. 2013. Dairy product intake is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: Anseong and Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. J Korean Med Sci. 28:1482–1488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smidowicz A, Regula J. 2015. Effect of nutritional status and dietary patterns on human serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 concentrations. Adv Nutr. 6:38–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song Y, Joung H. 2012. A traditional Korean dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome abnormalities. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 22:456–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srikanthan K, Feyh A, Visweshwar H, Shapiro JI, Sodhi K. 2016. Systematic review of metabolic syndrome biomarkers: a panel for early detection, management, and risk stratification in the West Virginian population. Int J Med Sci. 13:25–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suliga E, Koziel D, Ciesla E, Gluszek S. 2015. Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in individuals with normal weight: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J. 14:55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Buys N, Shen S. 2013. Dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease-related risks in Chinese older adults. Front Public Health. 1:48. Doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2013.00048
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Szarc Vel Szic K, Declerck K, Vidokovic M, Vanden Berghe W. 2015. From inflammaging to healthy aging by dietary lifestyle choices: is epigenetics the key to personalized nutrition? Clin Epigenetics. 7:33. Doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0068-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavares LF, Fonseca SC, Garcia Rosa ML, Yokoo EM. 2012. Relationship between ultra-processed foods and metabolic syndrome in adolescents from a Brazilian Family Doctor Program. Public Health Nutr. 15:82–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tovar J, Johansson M, Björck I. 2015. A multifunctional diet improves cardiometabolic-related biomarkers independently of weight changes: an 8-week randomized controlled intervention in healthy overweight and obese subjects. Eur J Nutr. 55:2295–2306. Doi:10.100/s00394-015-1039-2
   Google Scholar
• Turner-McGrievy G, Harris M. 2014. Key elements of plant-based diets associated with reduced risk of metabolic syndrome. Curr Diab Rep. 14:524. Doi: 10.1007/s11892-014-0524-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tziomalos K, Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. 2010. Endothelial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome: prevalence, pathogenesis and management. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 20:140–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urpi-Sarda M, Casas R, Chiva-Blanch G, Romero-Mamani ES, Valderas-Martinez P, Arranz S, Andres-Lacueva C, Llorach R, Medina-Remón A, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R. 2012. Virgin olive oil and nuts as key foods of the Mediterranean diet effects on inflammatory biomakers related to atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res. 65:577–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uusitupa M, Hermansen K, Savolainen MJ, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Brader L, Mortensen LS, Cloetens L, Johansson-Persson A, Onning G, et al. 2013. Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome- a randomized study (SYSDIET). J Intern Med. 274:52–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velazquez-Lopez L, Santiago-Diaz G, Nava-Hernandez J, Munoz-Torres AV, Medina-Bravo P, Torres-Tamayo M. 2014. Mediterranean-style diet reduces metabolic syndrome components in obese children and adolescents with obesity. BMC Pediatr. 14:175. Doi:10.1186/1471-2431-14-175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venturini D, Simao ANC, Urbano MR, Dichi I. 2015. Effects of extra virgin olive oil and fish oil on lipid profile and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome. Nutrition. 31:834–840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viscogliosi G, Cipriani E, Liguori ML, Marigliano B, Saliola M, Ettorre E, Andreozzi P. 2013. Mediterranean dietary pattern adherence: associations with prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and related microinflammation. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 11:210–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Haehling S, Stellos K, Qusar N, Gawaz M, Bigalke B. 2013. Weight reduction in patients with coronary artery disease: comparison of traditional Tibetan medicine and Western diet. Int J Cardiol. 168:1509–1515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wennersberg MH, Smedman A, Turpeinen AM, Retterstol K, Tengblad S, Lipre E, Aro A, Mutanen P, Seljeflot I, Basu S, et al. 2009. Dairy products and metabolic effects in overweight men and women: results from a 6-mo intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr. 90:960–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams DEM, Prevost AT, Whichelow MJ, Cox BD, Day NE, Wareham NJ. 2000. A cross-sectional study of dietary patterns with glucose intolerance and other features of the metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr. 83:257–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo HD, Shin A, Kim J. 2014. Dietary patterns of Korean adults and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 9:e111593. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111593
   Google Scholar
• Xu S-H, Qiao N, Huang J-J, Sun C-H, Cui Y, Tian S-S, Wang C, Liu XM, Zhang HX, Wang H, et al. 2016. Gender differences in dietary patterns and their association with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Chinese: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients. 8:180. Doi: 10.3390/nu8040180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yosaee S, Esteghamati A, Nasab MN, Khosravi A, Alinavaz M, Hosseini B, Djafarian K. 2016. Diet quality in obese/overweight individuals with/without metabolic syndrome compared to normal weight controls. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 30:376–382.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zemel MB, Sun X. 2008. Dietary calcium and dairy products modulate oxidative and inflammatory stress in mice and humans. J Nutr. 138:1047–1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zulet MA, Bondia-Pons I, Abete I, de la Iglesia R, Lopez-Legarrea P, Forga L, Navas-Carretero S, Martinez JA. 2011. The reduction of the metabolyc syndrome in Navarra-Spain (RESMENA-S) study: a multidisciplinary strategy based on chrononutrition and nutritional education, together with dietetic and psychological control. Nutr Hosp. 26:16–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar