References
- Arriscado D, Muros JJ, Zabala M, Dalmau JM. 2014. Factors associated with low adherence to a Mediterranean diet in healthy children in Northern Spain. Appetite. 80:28–34.
- Cantillon B, Chzhen Y, Handa S, Nolan B. 2017. Children of austerity: impact of the great recession on child. Oxford, United Kingdom: The United Nations Children’s Fund and Oxford University Press. https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/Children_of_austerity.pdf.
- Cole T, Lobstein T. 2012. Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity. Pediatr Obes. 7(4):284–294.
- Dalla Zuanna T, Del Manso M, Giambi C, Riccardo F, Bella A, Caporali MG, Dente MG, Declich S, The Italian Survey CARE Working Group. 2018. Immunization offer targeting migrants: policies and practices in Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 15(5):968.
- De Onis M, Branca F. 2016. Childhood stunting: a global perspective. Matern Child Nutr. 12:12–26.
- Drewnowski A, Darmon N. 2005. Food choices and diet costs: an economic analysis. J Nutr. 135(4):900–904.
- Dubois H, Molinuevo D, Eurofound. 2014. Access to healthcare in times of crisis. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1442en.pdf.
- Ercoli L, Iacovone G, De Luca S, Mancinelli S, Gilardi F, Boscherini B, Palombi L, Buonomo E. 2015. Unequal access, low vaccination coverage, growth retardation rates among immigrants children in Italy exacerbated in Roma immigrants. Minerva Pediatr. 67(1):11–18.
- Fernandez-Alvira JM, Mouratidou T, Bammann K, Hebestreit A, Barba G, Sieri S, Reisch L, Eiben G, Hadjigeorgiou C, Kovacs E, et al. 2013. Parental education and frequency of food consumption in European children: the IDEFICS study. Public Health Nutr. 16(3):487–498.
- Fitzgibbon ML, Blackman LR, Avellone ME. 2000. The relationship between body image discrepancy and body mass index across ethnic groups. Obes Res. 8(8):582–589.
- Gibson RS. 2005. Principles of nutritional assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Gibson M, Petticrew M, Bambra C, Sowden AJ, Wright KE, Whitehead M. 2011. Housing and health inequalities: a synthesis of systematic reviews of interventions aimed at different pathways linking housing and health. Health Place. 17(1):175–184.
- Gualdi-Russo E, Manzon VS, Masotti S, Toselli S, Albertini A, Celenza F, Zaccagni L. 2012. Weight status and perception of body image in children: the effect of maternal immigrant status. Nutr J. 11:85.
- Gupta RP, De Wit ML, McKeown D. 2007. The impact of poverty on the current and future health status of children. Paediatr Child Health. 12(8):667–672.
- Harker L. 2006. Chance of a lifetime: the impact of bad housing. Edinburgh: Shelter. https://england.shelter.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/39202/Chance_of_a_Lifetime.pdf
- ISTAT. 2018. Income, living conditions and fiscal burden of households. Year 2017. Italy: ISTAT. https://www.istat.it/it/files//2018/12/Income-and-living-conditions-Report-2017.pdf.
- Lauria L, Spinelli A, Cairella G, Censi L, Nardone P, Buoncristiano M, Group OKkio alla SALUTE. 2015. Dietary habits among children aged 8–9 years in Italy. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 51(4):371–381.
- Lazarou C, Panagiotakos DB, Kouta C, Matalas A-L. 2009. Level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet among children from Cyprus: the CYKIDS study. BMC Public Health. 9(1):147.
- Li J, Hooker N. 2010. Childhood obesity and schools: evidence from the national survey of children’s health. J Sch Health. 80(2):96–103.
- Marmot M, Wilkinson R. 1999. Social determinants of health. New York (NY): Oxford University Press.
- Mathieson A, Koller T. 2006. Addressing the socioeconomic determinants of healthy eating habits and physical activity levels among adolescents. WHO/HBSC FORUM 2006. Copenhagen (Denmark): World Health Organization.
- Nardone P, Spinelli A, Buoncristiano M, Lauria L, Pierannunzio D, Galeone D. 2017. Sistema di sorveglianza OKkio alla SALUTE: risultati 2016. Roma: Istituto Superiore di Sanità.
- Nelson M. 2000. Childhood nutrition and poverty. Proc Nutr Soc. 59(2):307–315.
- Neumark-Sztainer D, Croll J, Story M, Hannan PJ, French SA, Perry C. 2002. Ethnic/racial differences in weight-related concerns and behaviors among adolescents girls and boys. Findings from Project EAT. J Psychosom Res. 53(5):963–974.
- Ramic E, Durakovic S, Karic E, Mujanovic O, Alibasic E, Zildzic M. 2009. Influence of lifestyle on overweight and obesity in school-age children. Med Arch. 63:284–287.
- Roccaldo R, Censi L, D'Addezio L, Toti E, Martone D, D'Addesa D, Cernigliaro A, ZOOM8 Study Group. 2014. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Italian school children (The ZOOM8 Study). Int J Food Sci Nutr. 65(5):621–628.
- Sahingoz SA, Sanlier N. 2011. Compliance with Mediterranean diet quality index (KIDMED) and nutrition knowledge levels in adolescents. A case study from Turkey. Appetite. 57(1):272–277.
- Scarafile G. 2015. Childhood obesity in Italian primary schools: eating habits, physical activity and perception of weight by parents. Rev Health Care. 6(4):129–139.
- Serrá-Majem L, Ribas L, Ngo J, Ortega RM, García A, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Aranceta J. 2004. Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Public Health Nutr. 7(7):931–993.
- Signorelli C, Odone A, Cella P, Iannazzo S, D’Ancona F, Guerra R. 2017. Infant immunization coverage in Italy (2000–2016). Ann Ist Super Sanita. 53(3):231–237.
- Sjöberg A, Hulthén L. 2011. Anthropometric changes in Sweden during the obesity epidemic-increased overweight among adolescents of non-Nordic origin. Acta Paediatr. 100(8):1119–1126.
- Swain GR. 2016. How does economic and social disadvantage affect health. Focus. 33(1):1–6.
- The Social Protection Committee [SPC]. 2013. SPPM thematic reviews on the 2012 social trends to watch: Child poverty and social exclusion: investing in children and their well-being. EU SPC.
- Toselli S, Zaccagni L, Celenza F, Albertini A, Gualdi-Russo E. 2015. Risk factors of overweight and obesity among preschool children with different ethnic background. Endocrine. 49(3):717–725.
- Unicef. 2013. Minori di origine straniera, categoria a massimo rischio povertà. March 18.UNICEF website. http://www.unicef.it/doc/4647/europa-minori-di-origine-straniera-massimo-rischio-poverta.htm.
- World Health Organization [WHO]. 2005. The health of children and adolescents in Europe. Fact sheet EURO/06/05. Copenhagen, Bucharest: WHO. https://internazionali.ulss20.verona.it/docs/projects/adrisk/eurosafe03.pdf.
- World Health Organization [WHO]. 2006. Child growth standards. WHO child growth standards: method and development. Geneva: WHO. https://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/technical_report/en/.
- World Health Organization [WHO]. 2010. WHO Anthro (version 3.2.2, January 2011) and macros. Geneva: WHO. http://www.who.int/childgrowth/software/en/.
- World Health Organization [WHO]. 2017. The double burden of malnutrition. Policy brief. Geneva: WHO. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255413/WHO-NMH-NHD-17.3-eng.pdf?ua = 1.
- World Health Organization [WHO]. 2018a. Obesity and overweight. WHO website. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight.
- World Health Organization [WHO]. 2018b. Malnutrition. WHO website. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition.
- World Health Organization European Region [WHO European Region]. 2018c. Health of refugees and migrants. Regional situation analysis, practices, experiences, lessons learned and ways forward. WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://www.who.int/migrants/publications/EURO-report.pdf.