199
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Trade liberalization and import demand: The Central American experience

&
Pages 199-219 | Received 01 Jul 2008, Accepted 01 Apr 2009, Published online: 18 Feb 2011

References

  • Akhtar , M. A. 1980 . Income and price elasticities of imports in industrial countries . Business Economics , 15 : 69 – 75 .
  • Arize , A. C. and Osang , T. 2007 . Foreign exchange reserves and import demand: The Latin American experience . The World Economy , 30 : 1477 – 1489 .
  • Bårdsen , G. 1989 . Estimation of long run coefficients in error correction models . Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics , 51 : 345 – 350 .
  • Bertola , G. and Faini , R. 1990 . Import demand and non-tariff barriers: The impact of trade liberalization – An application to Morocco . Journal of Development Economics , 34 : 269 – 286 .
  • Boylan , T. A. and Cuddy , M. P. 1987 . Elasticities of import demand and economic development: The Irish experience . Journal of Development Economics , 26 : 301 – 309 .
  • Bulmer-Thomas , V. 1998 . The Central American common market: From closed to open regionalism . World Development , 26 : 313 – 322 .
  • Carnoy , Martin. 1972 . Industrialization in a Latin American common market , Washington, DC : Brookings .
  • Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean . 2000 . The fiscal effect of trade liberalization and commodity price fluctuation: The case of Costa Rica, 1980–1998 , Mexico : ECLAC Report LC/MEX/L.424 .
  • Elliott , G. , Rothenberg , T. J. and Stock , J. H. 1996 . Efficient tests for an autoregressive unit root . Econometrica , 64 : 813 – 836 .
  • Engle , R. F. and Granger , C. W.J. 1987 . Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation and testing . Econometrica , 55 : 251 – 276 .
  • Faini , R. , Pritchett , L. and Clavijo , F. 1992 . “ Import demand in developing countries ” . In International trade modelling , Edited by: Dagenais , M. G. and Muet , P.-A. 279 – 297 . London : Chapman & Hall .
  • Goldstein , M. and Khan , M. S. 1985 . “ Income and price effects in foreign trade ” . In Handbook of international economics, vol. 2 , Edited by: Jones , R. W. and Kenen , P. B. 1041 – 1105 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Granger , C. W.J. and Newbold , P. 1974 . Spurious regression in econometrics . Journal of Econometrics , : 111 – 120 .
  • Kmenta , Jan . 1986 . Elements of econometrics , 2nd edn , New York : Macmillan .
  • Lo , M. , Sawyer , W. C. and Sprinkle , R. L. 2007 . The link between economic development and the income elasticity of import demand . Journal of Policy Modeling , 29 : 133 – 140 .
  • Lora , E. 2001 . Structural reforms in Latin America: What has been reformed and how to measure it , Washington, DC : Inter-American Development Bank Working Paper no. 466 .
  • Machinea , J. L. and Vera , C. 2006 . Trade, direct investment and production policies , Santiago : Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Informes y estudios especial series No. 16 .
  • Mah , J. S. 1999 . Import demand, liberalization, and economic development . Journal of Policy Modeling , 21 : 497 – 503 .
  • Melo , O. and Vogt , M. G. 1984 . Determinants of the demand for imports of Venezuela . Journal of Development Economics , 14 : 351 – 358 .
  • Patterson , Kerry. 2000 . An introduction to applied econometrics: A time-series approach , Houndmills : Macmillan .
  • Pesaran , M. H. 2007 . A pair-wise approach to testing for output and growth convergence . Journal of Econometrics , 138 : 312 – 355 .
  • Phillips , P. C.B. 1986 . Understanding spurious regression in econometrics . Journal of Econometrics , 33 : 311 – 340 .
  • Santos-Paulino , A. U. 2002 . The effects of trade liberalization on imports in selected developing countries . World Development , 30 : 959 – 974 .
  • Schmidt , P. and Phillips , P. C.B. 1992 . LM tests for a unit root in the presence of deterministic trends . Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics , 54 : 257 – 287 .
  • United Nations Development Program and the World Bank Trade Expansion Program . 1989 . Guatemala: An evaluation of a recent tariff reform proposal , Washington, DC : UNDP/World Bank Country Report no. 2 .
  • United Nations Development Program and the World Bank Trade Expansion Program . 1992 . Costa Rica: Strengthening links to the world economy , Washington, DC : UNDP/World Bank Country Report no. 9 .
  • Westerlund , J. and Edgerton , D. L. 2007 . New improved tests for cointegration with structural breaks . Journal of Time Series Analysis , 28 : 188 – 224 .
  • World Trade Organization . 1995 . Trade policy review: Costa Rica , Geneva : WTO TPR1 .
  • World Trade Organization . 1996 . Trade policy review: El Salvador , Geneva : WTO TPR23 .
  • World Trade Organization . 1999 . Trade policy review: Nicaragua , Geneva : WTO TPR61 .
  • World Trade Organization . 2001 . Trade policy review: Costa Rica , Geneva : WTO TPR83 .
  • World Trade Organization . 2002 . Trade policy review: Guatemala , Geneva : WTO TPR94 .
  • World Trade Organization . 2003a . Trade policy review: El Salvador , Geneva : WTO TPR111 .
  • World Trade Organization . 2003b . Trade policy review: Honduras , Geneva : WTO TPR120 .
  • World Trade Organization . 2006 . Trade policy review: Nicaragua , Geneva : WTO TPR167 .
  • World Trade Organization . 2007 . World tariff profiles 2006 , Geneva : WTO .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.