702
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The potential of African trade integration – Panel data evidence for the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite

&
Pages 843-872 | Received 14 Jul 2018, Accepted 15 Jan 2019, Published online: 18 Feb 2019

References

  • Afesorgbor, S. K. 2013. Revisiting the Effectiveness of African Economic Integration. A Meta-analytic Review and Comparative Estimation Methods. Economics Working Paper 2013-13, University of Aarhus.
  • Afesorgbor, S. K., and P. A. G. van Bergeijk. 2014. “Measuring Multi-membership in Economic Integration and Its Trade Impact: A Comparative Study of ECOWAS and SADC.” South African Journal of Economics 82 (4): 518–530. doi: 10.1111/saje.12045
  • Afrika, J., and G. Ajumbo. 2012. Informal Cross Border Trade in Africa: Implications and Policy Recommendations. Africa Economic Brief 3(10): African Development Bank.
  • Agnosteva, D. E., J. E. Anderson, and J. V. Yotov. 2014. Intra-national Trade Costs: Measurement and Aggregation. NBER working paper 19872.
  • Amurgo-Pacheco, A, and M. D. Pierola. 2008. Patterns of Export Diversification in Developing Countries: Intensive and Extensive Margins. Policy Research Working Paper Series 4473, The World Bank.
  • Anderson, J. E., and J. P. Neary. 1994. “Measuring the Restrictiveness of Trade Policy.” World Bank Economic Review 8 (2): 151–169. doi: 10.1093/wber/8.2.151
  • Anderson, J. E., and J. P. Neary. 1996. “A New Approach to Evaluating Trade Policy.” Review of Economic Studies 63 (1): 107–125. doi: 10.2307/2298117
  • Anderson, J. E., and J. P. Neary. 2003. “The Mercantilist Index of Trade Policy.” International Economic Review 44 (2): 627–649. doi: 10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00083
  • Anderson, J. E., and E. van Wincoop. 2003. “Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle.” American Economic Review 93 (1): 170–192. doi: 10.1257/000282803321455214
  • Baier, S. L., and J. H. Bergstrand. 2007. “Do Free Trade Agreements Actually Increase Members' International Trade?” Journal of International Economics 71 (1): 72–95. doi: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2006.02.005
  • Baier, S. L., and J. H. Bergstrand. 2009. “Bonus vetus OLS: A Simple Method for Approximating International Trade-cost Effects using the Gravity Equation.” Journal of International Economics 77 (1): 77–85. doi: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2008.10.004
  • Baier, S. L., J. H. Bergstrand, P. Egger, and P. A. McLaughlin. 2008. “Do Economic Integration Agreements Actually Work? Issues in Understanding the Causes and Consequences of the Growth of Regionalism.” The World Economy 31 (4): 461–497. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2008.01092.x
  • Baldwin, R., and D. Taglioni. 2007. “Trade Effects of the Euro: A Comparison of Estimators.” Journal of Economic Integration 22 (4): 780–818. doi: 10.11130/jei.2007.22.4.780
  • Balistreri, E. J., D. G. Tarr, and H Yonezawa. 2015. “Deep Integration in Eastern and Southern Africa: What are the Stakes?” Journal of African Economies 24 (5): 677–706. doi: 10.1093/jae/ejv012
  • Baltagi, B. H., P Egger, and M Pfaffermayr. 2003. “A Generalized Design for Bilateral Trade Flow Models.” Economics Letters 80 (3): 391–397. doi: 10.1016/S0165-1765(03)00115-0
  • Barro, R. J., and J. W. Lee. 2013. “A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950–2010.” Journal of Development Economics 104: 184–198. doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.10.001
  • Buigut, S. 2012. “An Assessment of the Trade Effects of the East African Community Customs Union on Member Countries.” International Journal of Economics and Finance 4 (10): 41–53. doi: 10.5539/ijef.v4n10p41
  • Carrère, C. 2004. “African Regional Agreements: Impact on Trade with or without Currency Unions.” Journal of African Economies 13 (2): 199–239. doi: 10.1093/jae/ejh010
  • COMESA. 2015. Tripartite Summit Bulletin 2. 15th e-COMESA newsletter.
  • Coulibaly, S. 2009. “Evaluating the Trade Effect of Developing Regional Trade Agreements: A Semi-parametric Approach.” Journal of Economic Integration 24 (4): 709–743. doi: 10.11130/jei.2009.24.4.709
  • Egger, P. 2004. “Estimating Regional Trading Bloc Effects with Panel Data.” Review of World Economics 140 (1): 151–166. doi: 10.1007/BF02659714
  • Egger, P., M. Larch, K. E. Staub, and R. Winkelmann. 2011. “The Trade Effects of Endogenous Preferential Trade Agreements.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3 (3): 113–143.
  • Frankel, J. A. 1997. Regional Trading Blocs in the World Economic System. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.
  • Freund, C., and N. Rocha. 2011. “What Constrains Africa's Exports?.” The World Bank Economic Review 25 (3): 361–386. doi: 10.1093/wber/lhr016
  • Gillson, I., and N. Charalambides. 2012. Addressing Non-tariff Barriers on Regional Trade in Southern Africa. In Non-tariff measures: A fresh look at trade policy? New Frontier, edited by Cadot O, Malouche M, 225–247. Washington, D.C./London: The World Bank/CEPR.
  • Gylfason, T., I. Martínez-Zarzoso, and P. M. Wijkman. 2015. “Free Trade Agreements, Institutions and the Exports of Eastern Partnership Countries.” Journal of Common Market Studies 53 (6): 1214–1229. doi: 10.1111/jcms.12275
  • Hayakawa, K. 2013. “How Serious is the Omission of Bilateral Tariff Rates in Gravity?.” Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 27: 81–94. doi: 10.1016/j.jjie.2013.01.002
  • Hoekman, B., and A. Nicita. 2011. “Trade Policy, Trade Costs, and Developing Country Trade.” World Development 39 (12): 2069–2079. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.013
  • Hummels, D. L. 2001. Time as a Trade Barrier. GTAP working paper 18, GTAP.
  • Hummels, D. L., P. Minor, M. Reisman, and E. Endean. 2007. Calculating Tariff Equivalents for Time in Trade. Tech. rep., Arlington, VA: Nathan Associates Inc. for the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
  • Hummels, D. L., and G. Schnaur. 2013. “Time as a Trade Barrier.” American Economic Review 103 (7): 2935–2959. doi: 10.1257/aer.103.7.2935
  • Imani Development. 2007. Inventory of Regional Non Tariff Barriers: Synthesis Report. Tech. rep., prepared for the Regional Trade Facilitation Programme. Cape Town: Imani Development.
  • Imani Development. 2009. Non-tariff Barrier Impact Study for COMESA Region. Tech. rep., Prepared for the COMESA Secretariat and the Regional Trade Facilitation Programme.
  • Iwanow, T., and C. Kirkpatrick. 2009. “Trade Facilitation and Manufactured Exports: Is Africa Different?” World Development 37 (6): 1039–1050. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.09.014
  • Karugia, J. T., J. Wanjiku, J. M. Nzuma, S. Gbegbelegbe, E. Macharia, S. Massawe, H. A. Freeman, M. M.Waithaka, S. Kaitibie, and A. Gulan. 2009. The Impact of Non-tariff Barriers on Maize and Beef Trade in East Africa. Working Paper 29, ReSAKSS.
  • Kee, H. L., A. Nicita, and M. Olarreaga. 2009. “Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices.” The Economic Journal 119 (534): 172–199. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02209.x
  • Kirkpatrick, C., and M. Watanabe. 2005. “Regional Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Analysis of East African Trade Cooperation, 1970–2001.” The Manchester School 73 (2): 141–164. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9957.2005.00440.x
  • Korinek, J., and M. Melatos. 2009. Trade Impacts of Selected Regional Trade Agreements in Agriculture. Trade Policy Working Paper 87, OECD.
  • Koroma, S., J. Nimarkoh, N. You, V. Ogalo, and B. Owino. 2017. Formalization of Informal Trade in Africa – Trends, Experiences and Socio-economic Impacts. Food and Agriculture Organization, Accra.
  • Larch, M., J. Wanner, Y. V. Yotov, and T. Zyklin. 2016. The Currency Union Effect: A PPML Re-assessment with High-dimensional Fixed Effects. CESifo Working Paper, No. 6464.
  • Longo, R., and K. Sekkat. 2004. “Economic Obstacles to Expanding Intra-African Trade.” World Development 32 (8): 1309–1321. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.02.006
  • Magee, C. S. P. 2008. “New Measures of Trade Creation and Trade Diversion.” Journal of International Economics 75 (2): 349–362. doi: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2008.03.006
  • Minor, P. J. 2013. Time as a Barrier to Trade: A GTAP Database of ad Valorem Trade Time Costs. Tech. rep., ImpactECON.
  • Minor, P. J., and M. Tsigas. 2008. Impacts of Better Trade Facilitation in Developing Countries: Analysis with a new GTAP Database for the Value of Time in Trade. Research report, Nathan Associates Inc.
  • Musila, J. W. 2005. “The Intensity of Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in COMESA, ECCAS and ECOWAS: A Comparative Analysis.” Journal of African Economies 14 (1): 117–141. doi: 10.1093/jae/ejh039
  • Portugal-Perez, A., and J. S. Wilson. 2012. “Export Performance and Trade Facilitation Reform: Hard and Soft Infrastructure.” World Development 40 (7): 1295–1307. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.12.002
  • SADC, EAC and COMESA. 2016. Non-tariff Barriers Reporting, Monitoring and Eliminating Mechanism. Accessed 13 January 2016. http://www.tradebarriers.org.
  • Santos Silva, J. M. C., and S. Tenreyro. 2006. “The Log of Gravity.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 88 (4): 641–658. doi: 10.1162/rest.88.4.641
  • Santos Silva, J. M. C., and S. Tenreyro. 2011. “Further Simulation Evidence on the Performance of the Poisson Pseudo-maximum Likelihood Estimator.” Economic Letters 112 (2): 220–222. doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2011.05.008
  • Tinbergen, J. 1962. Shaping the World Economy: Suggestions for an International Economic Policy. New York: Twentieth Century Fund.
  • TRADEMARK East Africa. 2014. Non-tariff Barriers Slow Trade. https://www.trademarkea.com/news/non-tariff-barriers-slow-trade/, EAC news 24 July 2014.
  • UNCTAD. 2014. Trade and Development Report. United Nations, New York and Geneva.
  • Willenbockel, D. 2013. General Equilibrium Assessment of the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA. MPRA Paper 51501, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Yang, Y., and S. Gupta. 2005. Regional Trade Agreements in Africa: Past Performance and the Way Forward. IMF Working Paper 05/36, International Monetary Fund.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.