'People don't understand': An investigation of stigma in schizophrenia using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)

References

• Adolphus, K.J. (2002). Themes and issues in the experience of child survivor friends: Discover-ing the prevalence and impact of grief being disenfranchised through the use of IPA. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Conference, Lon-don, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Alexander, N. (2002). 'Not the done thing': Experiences of self-injury among lesbian & bisexual women. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phenomenological Analy-sis Conference, London, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Booth, T. & Booth, W. (1996). Sounds of silence: Narrative research with inarticulate subjects. Disability & Society, 11, 55–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick P. & Liao, L.-M. (2002). Men's experiences of atypical genito-sexual develop-ment: Can IPA do gender? Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Conference, London, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P.W. (2000). Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change. Clinical Psychol-ogy-Science and Practice, 7, 48–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P.W. & Lundin R.K. (2001). Learning to cope: Stigma management for people with mental illness and their families (Part 1 and 2). Course presented at the First International Conference on Reducing Stigma and Discrimi-nation because of Schizophrenia, Leipzig, 2 September.
   Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P.W. & Penn, D.L. (1999). Lessons from social psychology on discrediting psy-chiatric stigma. American Psychologist, 54, 765–776.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P.W. & Penn, D.L. (1997). Disease and discrimination: Two paradigms that describe severe mental illness. Journal of Mental Health, 6(4), 355–366.
   Google Scholar
• Coupland, K. (2002). The experience of being in a hearing voices group. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Conference, London, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Crocker, L. (2002) Giving up: Older people who have recently attempted suicide. Paper pre-sented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phe-nomenological Analysis Conference, London, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Crossley, M.L. (2000). Introducing narrative psy-chology. Self, trauma and the construction of meaning. Buckingham: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• DaM, N. (1992). Madness and the stigma of sin in American Christianity. In P.J. Fink & A. Tasman (eds), Stigma and mental illness (pp. 73–84). Washington, DC: American Psychia-tric Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, L., Stayner, D.A., Chinman, Mi., Lambert, S. & Sledge, W.H. (2000). Preventing relapse and readmission in psychosis: Using patients' subjective experience in designing clinical interventions. In B. Martindale, A. Bateman, M. Crowe, & F. Margison (eds), Psychosis: Psychological approaches and their effectiveness (pp. 134–156). London: Gaskell/ Royal College of Psychiatrists.
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson, F.B., Sommerville, J., Origoni, A.E., Ringel, N.B. & Parente, F. (2002). Experiences of stigma among outpatients with schizophre-nia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 28, 143–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farber, D. & Sherry, S. (1993). Telling stories out of school: An essay on legal narratives, Stanford Law Review, 45, 807–855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farina, A. (1998). Stigma. In: K.T. Mueser, & N. Tarrier (eds), Handbook of social functioning in schizophrenia (pp. 247–289). Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Farina, A., Gliha, D., Boudreau, L.A., Allen, J.G. & Sherman, M. (1971). Mental illness and the impact of believing others know about it. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 77(1), 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Furnham, A. & Bower, P. (1992). A comparison of academic and lay theories of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 201–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo, K.M. (1994). First person account: Self-stigmatization. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20, 407–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles, D. (2002). Grounded theory and IPA: Similarities and differences. Discussion pre-sented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phe-nomenological Analysis Conference, London, 4th July.
   Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the manage-ment of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Hayward, P. & Bright, J.A. (1997). Stigma and mental illness: A review and critique. Journal of Mental Health, 6(4), 345–354.
   Google Scholar
• Knight, M.T.D., Wykes, T. & Hayward, P. (2002). Schizophrenia: The role of stigmatisa-tion in lowered self-esteem. Poster presented at the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Research in Psychopathology, San Francis-co, 26 September.
   Google Scholar
• Knight, M.T.D., Wykes, T. & Hayward, P. (2001). Primary investigation findings, in Stigmatisation in Schizophrenia: Identification and Intervention (SISII). Poster presented at Psychological Treatments for Schizophrenia, Cambridge, 6–7 September.
   Google Scholar
• Kotake Smith, M. (2000). Recovery from a severe psychiatric disability: Findings of a qualitative study. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(2), 149–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lea, I. (2002). Young peoples' experiences of family therapy. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phenomenological Analy-sis Conference, London, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Leete, E. (1989). How I perceive and manage my illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 15, 197–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levey, S. & Howells, K. (1995). Dangerousness, unpredictability and the fear of people with schizophrenia. The Journal of Forensic Psy-chiatry, 6(1), 19–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link, B.G (2001). Evidence concerning the con-sequences of stigma for the self-esteem of people with severe mental illnesses. Paper presented at the First International Conference on Reducing Stigma and Discrimination because of Schizophrenia, Leipzig, 3 September.
   Google Scholar
• Link, B.G. (1987). Understanding labeling effects in the area of mental disorders: An assessment of the effects of expectations of rejection. American Sociological Review, 52, 96–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link, B.G. (1985). The labeling perspective and its critics: A reformulation in the area of mental disorder. Paper presented at the Eastern Socio-logical Meetings, Philadelphia.
   Google Scholar
• Link, B.G. (1982). Mental patient status, work, and income: An examination of the effects of a psychiatric label. American Sociological Re-view, 47, 202–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link, B.G., Cullen, F.T., Frank, J. & Wozniak, J.F. (1987). The social rejection of former mental patients: Understanding why labels matter. American Journal of Sociology, 92(6), 1461–1500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link, B.G., Cullen, F.T., Struening, E., Shrout, P. & Dohrenwend, B.P. (1989). A modified labeling theory approach to mental disorders: An empirical assessment. American Sociologi-cal Review, 54, 400–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Link, B.G., Mirotznik, J. & Cullen, F.T. (1991). The effectiveness of stigma coping orienta-tions: Can negative consequences of mental illness labeling be avoided? Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 32, 302–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton, L. (2002). Young people's experiences of group psychological therapy for auditory hallucinations. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phenomenological Analy-sis Conference, London, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Osborn, M. (2002). Chronic pain: a threat to self. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpreta-tive Phenomenological Analysis Conference, London, 3 July.
   Google Scholar
• Penn, D.L. & Nowlin-Drummond, A. (2001). Politically correct labels and schizophrenia: A rose by any other name? Schizophrenia Bulle-tin, 27, 197–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinfold, V. (2001). The Kent awareness-in-action project. Working with the police. Workshop presented at the First International Conference on Reducing Stigma and Discrimination because of Schizophrenia, Leipzig, 3 September.
   Google Scholar
• Potter, J. & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and social psychology: Beyond attitudes and beha-viour. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds, F. (2002). 'A lifestyle coat-hanger': meanings of art for women living with chronic illness. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Con-ference, London, 3 July.
   Google Scholar
• Rhodes, J.E. & Jakes, S. (2000). Correspondence between delusions and personal goals: A qualitative analysis. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 73, 211–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridgway, P. (2001). Restoring psychiatric disabil-ity: Learning from first person recovery narratives. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(4), 335–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robb, L. (2002). Adolescent accounts of chronic and recurrent maternal depression. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Conference, Lon-don, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Robson, F.M. (2002). Experience of the male partners of women undergoing termination of pregnancy for medical reasons. Paper pre-sented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phe-nomenological Analysis Conference, London, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Sartorius, N. (2002). Iatrogenic stigma of mental illness. British Medical Journal, 324, 1470–1471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartorius, N. (2001). Opening session. Paper presented at the First International Conference on Reducing Stigma and Discrimination because of Schizophrenia, Leipzig, 2 September.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J.A. (1999). Towards a relational self: Social engagement during pregnancy and psychological preparation for motherhood. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 409–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J.A. (1996). Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychol-ogy. Psychology and Health, 11, 261–271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J.A., Flowers, P. & Osborn, M. (1997). Interpretative phenomenological analysis and the psychology of health and illness. In: L. Yardley (ed.), Material Discourses of Health and Illness (pp. 68–91). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J.A., Jarman, M. & Osborn, M. (1999). Doing interpretative phenomenological analy-sis. In M. Murray & K. Chamberlain (eds), Qualitative Health Psychology, Theories and Methods (pp. 218–240). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, A. & Corbin, H.J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: grounded theory proce-dures and Techniques. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Thornhill, H. & Clare, L. (2002). Losing the plot and picking up the threads: Accounts of recovery from psychosis. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Conference, London, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Todorova, I. (2002). 'It's like a constant red light flashing': Meanings of infertility in a cross-cultural context. Paper presented at the 4th Annual Interpretative Phenomenological Analy-sis Conference, London, 4 July.
   Google Scholar
• Wahl, OF. (1999). Mental health consumers' experience of stigma. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, 467–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, S.L. & Ensing, D.S. (1999). Exploring recovery from the perspective of people with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Rehabilita-tion Journal, 22(2), 219–231.
   Google Scholar