The epidemiology of PTSD and depression in refugee minors who have resettled in developed countries

References

• Almqvist K, Brandell-Forsberg M. (1997). Refugee children in Sweden: Post- traumatic stress disorder in iranian preschool children exposed to organized violence. Child Abuse Neglect, 21, 351–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almqvist K, Hwang P. (1999). Iranian refugees in Sweden: Coping processes in children and their families. Childhood, 6, 167–88
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel M, Hjern A, Ingleby D. (2001). Effects of war and organized violence on children: A study of Bosnian refugees in Sweden. Am J Orthopsychiatry, 71, 4–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bean T, Eurelings-Bontekoe E, Spinhoven P. (2007). Course and predictors of mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors in the Netherlands: One year follow-up. Social Sci Med, 64, 1204–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beiser M, Hou F. (2016). Mental health effects of premigration trauma and postmigration discrimination on refugee youth in Canada. J Nervous Mental Dis, 204, 464–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berthold S. (1999). The effects of exposure to community violence on Khmer refugee adolescents. J Trauma Stress, 12, 455–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berthold M. (2000). War trauma and community violence. J Multicultural Social Work, 8, 15–46
   Google Scholar
• Betancourt T, Newnham A, Layne C, et al. (2012). Trauma history and psychopathology in war- affected refugee children referred for trauma- related mental health services in the United States. J Traumatic Stress, 25, 682–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derluyn I, Broekaert E, Schuyten G. (2008). Emotional and behavioural problems in migrant adolescents in Belgium. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 17, 54–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dura-Vila G, Klasen H, Makatini Z. (2012). Mental health problems of young refugees: Duration of settlement, risk factors, and community-based interventions. Clin Child Psychol, 18, 604–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekblad S. (1993). Psychosocial adaptation of children while housed in a Swedish refugee camp: Aftermath of the collapse of Yugoslavia. Stress Health, 9, 159–66
   Google Scholar
• Ellis B, MacDonald H, Lincoln A, Cabral H. (2008). Mental health of Somali adolescent refugees: The role of trauma, stress and perceived discrimination. J Consult Clin Psychol, 76, 184–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazel M, Reed R, Panter-Brick C. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379, 266–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox P, Cowell J, Montgomery A. (1999). Southeast Asian refugee children: Violence experience and depression. Int J Psychiatric Nurs Res, 5, 589–600
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Geltman P, Grant- Knight W, Mehta S, et al. (2005). The “Lost Boys of Sudan” functional and behavioral health of unaccompanied refugee minors resettled in the United States. Paediatr Adolesc Med, 159, 585–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hawkins J, Catalano R, Miller J. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychol Bull, 112, 64–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heptinstall E, Sethna V, Taylor E. (2004). PTSD and depression in refugee children: Associations with pre- migration trauma and post- migration stress. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 13, 373–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjern A, Angel B, Hojer B. (1991). Persecution and behavior: A report of refugee children from Chile. Child Abuse Negl, 15, 239–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjern A, Angel B, Jeppson O. (1998). Political violence, family stress and mental health of refugee children in exile. Scand J Social Med, 26, 18–25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huemer J, Volkl-Kernstock S, Karnik N. (2013). Personality and psychopathology in African unaccompanied refugee minors: Repression, resilience and vulnerability. Child Psychiatry Hum Develop, 44, 39–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen T, Skardalsmo E, Fjermestad K. (2014). Development of mental health problems: A follow-up study of unaccompanied refugee minors. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mental Health, 8, 29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kia-Keating M, Ellis B. (2007). Belonging and connection to school in resettlement: Young refugees, school belonging, and psychosocial adjustment. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry, 12, 29–43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liebkind K. (1993). Self-reported ethnic identity, depression and anxiety among young Vietnamese refugees and their parents. J Refugee Stud, 6, 25–39
   Google Scholar
• Lincoln A, Lazarevic V, White M. (2015). The impact of acculturation style and acculturative hassles on the mental health of somali adolescent refugees. Immigrant Minor Health, 18, 771–8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mace A, Mulheron S, Jones C. (2014). Educational, developmental and psychological outcomes of resettled refugee children in Western Australia: A review of school of special educational needs: Medical and Mental Health input. J Paediatr Child Health, 50, 985–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCloskey L, Southwick K. (1996). Psychosocial problems in refugee children exposed to war. Pediatrics, 97, 394–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGregor L, Melvin G, Newman L. (2015). Familial separations, coping styles, and PTSD symptomatology in resettled refugee youth. J Nervous Mental Dis, 203, 431–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majumder P, O'Reilly M, Karim K. (2015). ‘This doctor, I not trust him, I'm not safe': The perceptions of mental health and services by unaccompanied refugee adolescents. Int J Social Psychiatry, 61, 129–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery E. (2008). Long-term effects of organized violence on young Middle Eastern refugees mental health. Soc Sci Med, 67, 1596–603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery E. (2010). Trauma and resilience in young refugees: A 9-year follow-up study. Develop Psychopathol, 22, 477–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery E, Foldspang A. (2006). Validity of PTSD in a sample of refugee children: Can a separate diagnostic entity be justified?. Int J Methods Psychiatric Res, 15, 64–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Shea B, Hodes M, Down G, Bramley J. (2000). A school- based mental health service for refugee children. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry, 5, 189–201
   Google Scholar
• Papageorgiou V, Frangou- Garunovic A, Iordanidou R, et al. (1999). War trauma and psychopathology in Bosnian refugee children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 9, 84–90
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porte Z, Torney-Purta J. (1987). Depression and academic achievement among Indochinese refugee unaccompanied minors in ethnic and nonethnic Placements. Am J Orthopsychiatry, 57, 536–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothe E, Lewis J, Castillo-Matos H. (2002). Posttraumatic stress disorder among Cuban children and adolescents after release from a refugee camp. Psychiatric Serv, 53, 970–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousseau C, Drapeau A, Corin E. (1998). Risk and protective factors in Central American and South East Asian refugee children. J Refugee Stud, 11, 20–37
   Google Scholar
• Rousseau C, Drapeau A, Platt R. (2000). Living conditions and emotional profiles of Cambodian, Central American, and Québécois youth. Can J Psychiatry, 45, 905–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rousseau C, Drapeau A, Platt R. (2004). Family environment and emotional and behavioural symptoms in adolescent Cambodian refugees: Influence of time, gender, and acculturation. Med Conflict Surviv, 20, 151–65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rousseau C, Drapeau A, Rahimi S. (2003). The complexity of trauma response: A 4-year follow-up of adolescent Cambodian refugees. Child Abuse Negl, 27, 1277–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slodnjak V, Kos A, Yule W. (2002). Depression and parasuicide in refugee and Slovenian adolescents. Crisis, 23, 127–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sourander A. (1998). Behavior problems and traumatic events of unaccompanied refugee minors. Child Abuse Negl, 22, 719–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tousignant M, Habimana E, Biron C. (1999). The Quebec adolescent refugee project: psychopathology and family variables in a sample from 35 nations. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38, 1426–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UN Development Programme. (2015). Human Development Index. Available from:http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi [last accessed 04 Oct 2015]
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR. (1994). Refugee children: Guidelines on protection and care. Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/3b84c6c67.html [last accessed 18 Nov 2015]
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR. (2015). Syria regional refugee response. Available from: http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php [last accessed 23 Jan 2016]
   Google Scholar
• UNHCR. (2016). The 1951 refugee convention. Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49da0e466.html [last accessed 23 Jan 2016]
   Google Scholar
• Vervliet M, Demott M, Jakobsen M. (2014). The mental health of unaccompanied refugee minors on arrival in the host country. Scand J Psychol, 55, 33–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkl-Kernstock S, Karnik N, Mitterer-Asadi M. (2014). Responses to conflict, family loss and flight: Posttraumatic stress disorder among unaccompanied refugee minors from Africa. Neuropsychiatry, 28, 6–11
   Google Scholar
• Ziaian T, Anstiss H, Antoniou G. (2012). Depressive symptomatology and service utilisation among refugee children and adolescents living in South Australia. Child Adolesc Mental Health, 17, 146–52
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar