Posttraumatic stress disorder, emotional suppression and psychiatric co-morbidity in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria: a moderated mediation analysis

References

• Aiken LS, West SG. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Amir M, Kaplan Z, Efroni R, et al. (1997). Coping styles in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. Personal Individ Differ, 23, 399–405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amstadter AB, Vernon LL. (2008). A preliminary examination of thought suppression, emotion regulation, and coping in a trauma-exposed sample. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma, 17, 279–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blatt SJ, Zuroff DC. (1992). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression. Clin Psychol Rev, 12, 527–62
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briere J. (2002). Treating adult survivors of severe childhood abuse and neglect: Future development of an integrative model. In: Berliner L, Myers JFB, Briere J, eds. The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 175–204
   Google Scholar
• Brown RJ. (2004). Psychological mechanisms of medically unexplained symptoms: An integrative conceptual model. Psychol Bull, 130, 793–812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung M, Hunt L. (2014). Posttraumatic stress symptoms and well-being following relationship dissolution: Past trauma, alexithymia, suppression. Psychiatr Quart, 85, 155–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung MC, Jalal S, Khan NU. (2014). Posttraumatic stress disorder and psychiatric co-morbidity following the 2010 flood in Pakistan: Exposure characteristics, cognitive distortions and emotional suppression. Psychiatry, 77, 289–304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung MC, Symons C, Gilliam J, Kaminski ER. (2010). The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, psychiatric comorbidity, and personality traits among patients with chronic idiopathic urticarial. Comprehens Psychiatry, 51, 55–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clohessy S, Ehlers A. (1999). PTSD symptoms, response to intrusive memories and coping in ambulance service workers. Br J Clin Psychol, 38, 251–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen M. (2013). The association of cancer patients’ emotional suppression and their self-rating of psychological distress on short screening tools. Behav Med, 39, 29–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Avanzato C, Joormann J, Siemer M, Gotlib IH. (2013). Emotion regulation in depression and anxiety: Examining diagnostic specificity and stability of strategy use. Cogn Ther Res, 37, 968–80
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehring T, Quack D. (2010). Emotion regulation difficulties in trauma survivors: The role of trauma type and PTSD symptom severity. Behav Ther, 41, 587–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falsetti SA, Monnier J, Davis JL, Resnick HS. (2002). Intrusive thoughts in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Cogn Psychother, 16, 127–43
   Google Scholar
• Feinstein A. (2011). Conversion disorder: Advances in our understanding. CMAJ, 183, 915–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa EB, Cashman L, Jaycox L, Perry K. (1997). The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder. The posttraumatic diagnostic scale. Psychol Assess, 9, 445–51
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg D, Bridges KW. (1987). Screening for psychiatric illness in general practice: The general practitioner versus the screening questionnaire. J R Coll Gen Practition, 37, 15–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldberg D, Hillier V. (1979). A scaled version of the general health questionnaire. Psychol Med, 9, 139–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross J. (1998a). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. J Personal Soc Psychol, 74, 224–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross JJ, John OP. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Personal Soc Psychol, 85, 348–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross JJ. (1998b). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Rev Gen Psychol, 2, 271–99
   Google Scholar
• Gross JJ. (2001). Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything. Curr Dir Psychol Sci, 10, 214–9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta MA, Gupta AK. (2012). Chronic idiopathic urticaria and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): An under-recognized comorbidity. Clin Dermatol, 30, 351–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta MA, Lanius RA, van der Kolk BA. (2005). Psychologic trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and dermatology. Dermatol Clin, 23, 649–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta MA. (2006). Somatization disorders in dermatology. Int Rev Psychiatry, 18, 41–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes AF. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press
   Google Scholar
• Herman JL, van der Kolk B. (1987). Traumatic antecedents of borderline personality disorder. In: Kolk BD, ed. Psychological trauma. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 111–26
   Google Scholar
• Ho RTH, Chan CLW, Ho SMY. (2004). Emotional control in Chinese female cancer survivors. Psychooncology, 13, 808–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunkin V, Chung MC. (2012). Chronic idiopathic urticaria, psychological co-morbidity and posttraumatic stress: The impact of alexithymia and repression. Psychiatr Quart, 83, 431–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihilevich D, Gleser GC. (1993). Defense mechanisms: Their classification, correlates, and measurement with the defence mechanisms inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources
   Google Scholar
• Iwamitsu Y, Shimoda K, Abe H, et al. (2005). The relation between negative emotional suppression and emotional distress in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Health Commun, 18, 201–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janoff-Bulman R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: Free Press
   Google Scholar
• Krause ED, Mendelson TL, Lynch TR. (2003). Childhood emotional invalidation and adult psychological distress: The mediating role of emotional inhibition. Child Abuse Neglect, 27, 199–213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanius RA, Frewen PA, Vermetten E, Yehuda R. (2010). Fear conditioning and early life vulnerabilities: Two distinct pathways of emotional dysregulation and brain dysfunction in PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol, 1, 5467. DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v1i0.5467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilly MM, Lim BH. (2013). Shared pathogeneses of posttrauma pathologies: Attachment, emotion regulation and cognitions. J Clin Psychol, 69, 737–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liverant G, Brown TA, Barlow DH, Roemer L. (2008). Emotion regulation in unipolar depression: The effects of acceptance and suppression of subjective emotional experience on the intensity and duration of sadness and negative affect. Behav Res Ther, 46, 1201–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Williams J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect. Distribution of the produce and resampling methods. Multivariate Behav Res, 39, 99–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer EA. (2007). Somatic manifestations of traumatic stress. In: Kirmayer LJ, Lemelson R, Barad M, eds. Understanding trauma: Integrating biological, clinical and cultural perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press, 142–70
   Google Scholar
• McEwen C, Flouri E. (2009). Fathers’ parenting, adverse life events, and adolescents’ emotional and eating disorder symptoms: The role of emotion regulation. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 18, 206–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MW, Kaloupek DG, Dillon AL, Keane TM. (2004). Externalizing and internalizing subtypes of combat related PTSD: A replication and extension using the PSY-5 Scales. J Abnorm Psychol, 112, 636–45. Externalizing
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers LB, Vetere A, Derakshan N. (2004). Are suppression and repressive coping related? Personal Individ Differ, 36, 1009–13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijsten T, Sampogna F, Chren M, Abeni D. (2006). Testing and reducing Skindex-29 using Rasch analysis: Skindex-17. J Investig Dermatol, 126, 1244–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods, 40, 879–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlatter MC, Cameron LD. (2010). Emotional suppression tendencies as predictors of symptoms, mood, and coping appraisals during AC chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. Ann Behav Med, 40, 15–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens A, Fabra M, Thies E. (2013). Self-report vs. clinical interview for posttraumatic stress disorder in medicolegal assessment. German J Psychiatry, 16, 87–94
   Google Scholar
• Temoshok LR, Waldstein SR, Wald RL, et al. (2008). Type C coping, alexithymia, and heart rate reactivity are associated independently and differentially with specific immune mechanisms linked to HIV progression. Brain Behav Immun, 22, 781–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terr LC. (1991). Childhood traumas: An outline and overview. Am J Psychiatry, 148, 10–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thome A. (1990). Alexithymia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Psychother Psychosom, 54, 40–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaillant GE, Vaillant CO. (1990). Natural history of male psychological health. XII: A 45-year study of successful predictors of successful aging at age 65. Am J Psychiatry, 147, 31–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson M, Greer S. (1983). Development of a questionnaire measure of emotional control. J Psychosom Res, 27, 299–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westphal M, Olfson M, Bravova M, et al. (2013). Borderline personality disorder, exposure to interpersonal trauma, and psychiatric comorbidity in urban primary care patients. Psychiatry, 76, 365–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson J. (2006). The posttraumatic self. In: Wilson J, ed. The posttraumatic self: Restoring meaning and wholeness to personality. New York: Routledge, 9–68
   Google Scholar
• Zuberbier T, Bindslev-Jensen C, Canonica W. (2006). EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF guideline: Definition, classification and diagnosis of urticaria. Allergy, 61, 316–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar