Interpersonal functioning, support, and change in early-onset bipolar disorder: a transcendental phenomenological study of emerging adults

References

• Alreja, S., Mishra, D., Sengar, K., & Singh, A. (2009). Insight and its relationship with stigma in psychiatric patients. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 18(1), 39. doi:10.4103/0972-6748.57858
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Aquilino, W. S. (2006). Family relationships and support systems in emerging adulthood. In J. J. Arnett & J. Lynn (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 193–217. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (1994). Are college students adults? Their conceptions of the transition to adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, 1(4), 213–224. doi:10.1007/BF02277582
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axelson, D. A., Birmaher, B., Strober, M. A., Goldstein, B. I., Ha, W., Gill, M. K., … …Keller, M. B. (2011). Course of subthreshold bipolar disorder in youth: Diagnostic progression from bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(10), 1001–1016.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berk, M., Malhi, G. S., Hallam, K., Gama, C. S., Dodd, S., Andreazza, A. C., … Kapczinski, F. (2009). Early intervention in bipolar disorders: Clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging imperatives. Journal of Affective Disorders, 114(1–3), 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.08.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birmaher, B. (2007). Longitudinal course of pediatric bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(4), 537–539. doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.4.537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrese, J. R., Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Reed, M., Davies, M. A., Frye, M. A., Keck, P. E., … Wagner, K. D. (2003). Impact of bipolar disorder on a U.S. community sample. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64(4), 425–432. doi:10.4088/JCP.v64n0412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson, G. A. (2012). Differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. World Psychiatry, 11(3), 146–152. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2012.tb00115.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, S., Mermelstein, R., Karmarck, T., & Hoberman, H. M. (1985). Measuring the functional components of social support. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 73–94). Hingham, MA: Kluwer Boston.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, J.A., Steigman, P., Pickett, Diehl, S., Fox, A., Shipley, P., … Burke-Miller, J. K. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of peer-led recover education using Building Recovery of Individual Dreams and Goals through Education and Support (BRIDGES). Schizophrenia Research, 163, 36–42. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.10.016
   Google Scholar
• Corrigan, P. W., Powell, K. J., & Rüsch, N. (2012). How does stigma affect work in people with serious mental illness?. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 35(5), 381–384. doi:10.1037/h0094497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., Hanson, W. E., Clark Plano, V. L., & Morales, A. (2007). Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation. The Counseling Psychologist, 35(2), 236–264. doi:10.1177/0011000006287390
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daban, C., Colom, F., Sanchez-Moreno, J., García-Amador, M., & Vieta, E. (2006). Clinical correlates of first-episode polarity in bipolar disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47(6), 433–437. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, L., Kurzban, S., & Brekke, J. (2012). Self-esteem as a mediator of the relationship between role functioning and symptoms for individuals with severe mental illness: A prospective analysis of Modified Labeling theory. Schizophrenia Research, 137(1–3), 185–189. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiCicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative interview. Medical Education, 40(4), 314–321. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dukes, S. (1984). Phenomenological methodology in the human sciences. Journal of Religion and Health, 23(3), 197–203. doi:10.1007/BF00990785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dusetzina, S. B., Gaynes, B. N., Weinberger, M., Farley, J. F., Sleath, B., & Hansen, R. A. (2011). Receipt of guideline-concordant pharmacotherapy among children with new diagnoses of bipolar disorder. Psychiatric Services, 62(12), 1443–1449. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.000452011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edward, S. (2005). The phenomenon of resilience in crisis care mental health clinicians. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 14(2), 142–148. doi:10.1111/j.1440-0979.2005.00371.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elgie, R., & Morselli, P. L. (2007). Social functioning in bipolar patients: The perception and perspective of patients, relatives, and advocacy organizations – A review. Bipolar Disorders, 9(1-2), 144–157. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00339.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkington, K. S., Hackler, D., McKinnon, K., Borges, C., Wright, E. R., & Wainberg, M. L. (2012). Perceived stigma among youth in psychiatric outpatient treatment. Journal of Adolescent Research, 27(2), 290–317. doi:10.1177/0743558411409931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farley, J. P., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2014). The development of adolescent self-regulation: Reviewing the role of parent, peer, friend, and romantic relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 37(4), 433–440. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell, M. P., & Barnes, G. M. (1993). Family systems and social support: A test of the effects of cohesion and adaptability on the functioning of parents and adolescents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55(1), 119–132. doi:10.2307/352963
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galanter, C. A., Hundt, S. R., Goyal, P., Le, J., & Fisher, P. W. (2012). Variability among research diagnostic interview instruments in the application of DSM-IV-TR criteria for pediatric bipolar disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(6), 605–621. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller, B., Craney, J. L., Bolhofner, K., Nickelsburg, M. J., Williams, M., & Zimerman, B. (2002). Two-year prospective follow-up with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(6), 927–933. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.6.927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, B. I. (2012). Recent progress in understanding pediatric bipolar disorder. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 166(4), 362–371. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.832
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gray, M., Davies, K., & Butcher, L. (2017). Finding the right connections: Peer support within a community-based mental health service. International Journal of Social Welfare, 26(2), 188–196. doi:10.1111/ijsw.12222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutsegell, M. E., & Payne, N. (2004). Issues of adolescent development in the 21st century. Pediatrics in Review, 25(3), 79–85. doi:10.1542/pir.25-3-79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, J. (2005). The increased diagnosis of “juvenile bipolar disorder”: What are we treating?. Psychiatric Services, 56(5), 529–531. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.5.529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays, D. G., & Singh, A. A. (2012). Qualitative inquiry in clinical and educational settings. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jivanjee, P., & Kruzich, J. (2011). Supports for young people with mental health conditions and their families in the transition years: Youth and family voices. Best Practices in Mental Health, 7(1), 115–133.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, S. L., Winett, C. A., Meyer, B., Greenhouse, W. J., & Miller, I. (1999). Social support and the course of bipolar disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108(4), 558–566. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.108.4.558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohlberg, L. (1963). The development of children’s orientations toward a moral order. Human Development, 6(1-2), 11–33. doi:10.1159/000269667
   Google Scholar
• Kroska, A., & Harkness, S. K. (2006). Stigma sentiments and self-meanings. Social Psychology Quarterly, 69(4), 325–348. doi:10.1177/019027250606900403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Luckstead, A., McNulty, K., Brayboy, L., & Forbes, C. (2009). Initial evaluation of the peer-to-peer program. Psychiatric Services, 60(2), 250–253. doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.2.250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClure, E. B., Treland, J. E., Snow, J., Schmajuk, M., Dickstein, D. P., Towbin, K. E., … Leibenluft, E. (2005). Deficits in social cognition and response flexibility in bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(9), 1644–1651. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miklowitz, D. J. (2008). Bipolar disorder: A family-focused treatment approach. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miklowitz, D. J., & Johnson, S. L. (2006). The psychopathology and treatment of bipolar disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2(1), 199–235. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095332
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. A. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, C. D., Miklowitz, D. J., & Waxmonsky, J. A. (2007). Family-focused treatment for bipolar disorder in youth and adults. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(5), 433–445. doi:10.1002/jclp.20359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moses, T. (2009). Self-labeling and its effects among adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders. Social Science & Medicine, 68, 570–578. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex model of marital and family systems. Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 144–167. doi:10.1111/1467-6427.00144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry, P. I., & Levin, E. C. (2012). Pediatric bipolar disorder in an era of “mindless psychiatry. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 13(1), 51–68. doi:10.1080/15299732.2011.597826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pederson, S., Vitaro, F., Barker, E., & Borge, A. I. (2007). The timing of middle-childhood peer rejection and friendship: Linking early behavior to early-adolescent adjustment. Child Development, 78(4), 1037–1051. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01051.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlis, R. H., Miyahara, S., Marangell, L. B., Wisniewski, S. R., Ostacher, M., DelBello, M. P., … Nierenberg, A. A. (2004). Long-term implications of early onset in bipolar disorder: Data from the first 1000 participants in in the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BD). Biological Psychiatry, 55, 875–881. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piaget, J. (1964). Development and learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2(3), 176–186. doi:10.1002/tea.3660020306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proudfoot, J. G., Jayawant, A., Whitton, A. E., Parker, G., Manicavasagar, V., Smith, M., & Nicholas, J. (2012). Mechanisms underpinning effective peer support: A qualitative analysis of interactions between expert peers and patients newly-diagnosed with bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry, 12(1), 196. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-196
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Proudfoot, J. G., Parker, G. B., Benoit, M., Manicavasagar, V., Smith, M., & Gayed, A. (2009). What happens after diagnosis? Understanding the experiences of patients with newly‐diagnosed bipolar disorder. Health Expectations, 12(2), 120–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raven, M., & Parry, P. (2012). Psychotropic marketing practices and problems: Implications for DSM-5. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 200(6), 512–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sala, R., Axelson, D., & Birmaher, B. (2009). Phenomenology, longitudinal course, and outcome of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18(2), 273–289. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2008.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulenberg, J. E., & Zarrett, N. R. (2006). Mental health during emerging adulthood: Continuity and discontinuity in courses, causes, and functions. In J. J. Arnett & J. Lynn (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 135–172). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. (2004). Reflecting on the development of interpretative phenomenological analysis and its contribution to qualitative research in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1(1), 39–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(2), 69–74. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, A. E., Judd, C. M., Axelson, D. A., & Miklowitz, D. J. (2012). Family functioning and the course of adolescent bipolar disorder. Behavior Therapy, 43(4), 837–847. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, A. E., & Miklowitz, D. J. (2010). Family functioning among adolescents with bipolar disorder. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(1), 60–67. doi:10.1037/a0018183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, P. J., Pyle, M., Schwannauer, M., Hutton, P., & Morrison, A. (2015). Confirming the structure of negative beliefs about psychosis and bipolar disorder: A confirmatory factor analysis study of the Personal Beliefs about Experience Questionnaire and Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(4), 361–377. doi:10.1111/bjc.12079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Kaam, A. (1969). Existential foundations of psychology. Garden City, NY: Image Books.
   Google Scholar
• Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic content analysis: Quantitative applications in the social sciences. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Weinstock, L. M., Keitner, G. I., Ryan, C. E., Solomon, D. A., & Miller, I. W. (2006). Family functioning and mood disorders: A comparison between patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar I disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 1192–1202. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar