Social connectedness in adults with mental disorders: ecological validation of a conceptual framework for novel complex interventions

References

• Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2009). The first 10,000 Adult Attachment Interviews: Distributions of adult attachment representations in clinical and non-clinical groups. Attachment & Human Development, 11(3), 223–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730902814762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benish, S. G., Quintana, S., Wampold, B. E. (2011). Culturally adapted psychotherapy and the legitimacy of myth: A direct-comparison meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(3), 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunswik, E. (1956). Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments. University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, L.-J., Chung, S.-K. (2007). Loneliness, social connectedness, and family income among undergraduate females and males in Taiwan. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 35(10), 1353–1364. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.10.1353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constantino, M. J., Ametrano, R. M., Greenberg, R. P. (2012). Clinician interventions and participant characteristics that foster adaptive patient expectations for psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic change. Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.), 49(4), 557–569. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, P., Dieppe, P., Macintyre, S., Michie, S., Nazareth, I., Petticrew, M. (2008). Developing and evaluating complex interventions: The new Medical Research Council guidance. British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.), 337, a1655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, J., McKenna, M., Bayley, J., Denner, K., Young, H. (2020).Using engagement in sustainable construction to improve mental health and social connection in disadvantaged and hard to reach groups: A new green care approach. Journal of Mental Health, 29(3), 350–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1714001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickens, A. P., Richards, S. H., Greaves, C. J., Campbell, J. L. (2011). Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 647–670. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21843337 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinos, S., Stevens, S., Serfaty, M., Weich, S., King, M. (2004). Stigma - the feelings and experiences of 46 people with mental illness: Qualitative study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(2), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.2.176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrester-Jones, R., Carpenter, J., Coolen-Schrijner, P., Cambridge, P., Tate, A., Hallam, A., Beecham, J., Knapp, M., Wooff, D. (2012). Good friends are hard to find? The social networks of people with mental illness 12 years after deinstitutionalization. Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon, England), 21(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2011.608743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardiner, C., Geldenhuys, G., Gott, M. (2018). Interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness among older people: An integrative review. Health & Social Care in the Community, 26(2), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillard, S., Gibson, S. L., Holley, J., Lucock, M. (2015). Developing a change model for peer worker interventions in mental health services: A qualitative research study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 24(5), 435–445. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796014000407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold, E. (2007). From narrative wreckage to islands of clarity: Stories of recovery from psychosis. Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien, 53(8), 1271–1275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagerty, B., Patusky, K. (1995). Developing a measure of sense of belonging. Nursing Research, 44(1), 9–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hare-Duke, L. (2017). The importance of social ties in mental health. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 21(5), 264–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hare-Duke, L., Dening, T., de Oliveira, D., Milner, K., Slade, M. (2019). Conceptual framework for social connectedness in mental disorders: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 188–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G., Chang, M. X. L. (2016). Groups4Health: Evidence that a social-identity intervention that builds and strengthens social group membership improves mental health. Journal of Affective Disorders, 194(194), 188–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeuring, H. W., Stek, M. L., Huisman, M., Oude Voshaar, R. C., Naarding, P., Collard, R. M., van der Mast, R. C., Kok, R. M., Beekman, A. T. F., Comijs, H. C. (2018). A six-year prospective study of the prognosis and predictors in patients with late-life depression. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(9), 985–997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2018.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick, L. A., Shillito, D. J., Kellas, S. L. (1999). Loneliness, social support, and perceived relationships with God. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16(4), 513–522. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407599164006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleim, B., Vauth, R., Adam, G., Stieglitz, R. -D., Hayward, P., Corrigan, P. (2008). Perceived stigma predicts low self-efficacy and poor coping in schizophrenia. Journal of Mental Health, 17(5), 482–491. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230701506283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law, H., Gee, B., Dehmahdi, N., Carney, R., Jackson, C., Wheeler, R., Carroll, B., Tully, S., Clarke, T. (2020). What does recovery mean to young people with mental health difficulties? – “It’s not this magical unspoken thing, it’s just recovery. Journal of Mental Health, 29(4), 464–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1739248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leamy, M., Bird, V., Le Boutillier, C., Williams, J., Slade, M. (2011). Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. The British Journal of Psychiatry : The Journal of Mental Science, 199(6), 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.083733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, R. M., Draper, M., Lee, S. (2001). Social connectedness, dysfunctional interpersonal behaviors, and psychological distress: Testing a mediator model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(3), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.48.3.310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, R., Mann, F., Wang, J., Lloyd-Evans, B., Terhune, J., Al-Shihabi, A., Johnson, S. (2020). The effectiveness of interventions for reducing subjective and objective social isolation among people with mental health problems: A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55(7), 839–876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01800-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann, F., Bone, J. K., Lloyd-Evans, B., Frerichs, J., Pinfold, V., Ma, R., Wang, J., Johnson, S. (2017). A life less lonely: The state of the art in interventions to reduce loneliness in people with mental health problems. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(6), 627–638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1392-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marino, C. K. (2015). To belong, contribute, and hope: First stage development of a measure of social recovery. Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon, England), 24(2), 68–72. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2014.954696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masi, C. M., Chen, H. Y., Hawkley, L. C., Cacioppo, J. T. (2011). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Review : An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 15(3), 219–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868310377394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 22(3), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2012.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre, J. C., Worsley, J., Corcoran, R., Harrison Woods, P., Bentall, R. P. (2018). Academic and non-academic predictors of student psychological distress: The role of social identity and loneliness. Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon, England), 27(3), 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1437608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415–444. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McWade, B., Milton, D., Beresford, P. (2015). Mad studies and neurodiversity: A dialogue. Disability & Society, 30(2), 305–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer, H., Bebbington, P., Dennis, M. S., Jenkins, R., McManus, S., Brugha, T. S. (2013). Feelings of loneliness among adults with mental disorder. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0515-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, B. C., Harris, I. B., Beckman, T. J., Reed, D. A., Cook, D. A. (2014). Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations. Academic Medicine, 89(9), 1245–1251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offer, S., Fischer, C. S. (2018). Difficult people: Who is perceived to be demanding in personal networks and why are they there? American Sociological Review, 83(1), 111–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122417737951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Leech, N. L. (2007). Validity and qualitative research: An oxymoron? Quality & Quantity, 41(2), 233–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palis, H., Marchand, K., Oviedo-Joekes, E. (2020). The relationship between sense of community belonging and self-rated mental health among Canadians with mental or substance use disorders. Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon, England), 29(2), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1437602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy. (pp. 1–18). Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Price-Robertson, R., Obradovic, A., Morgan, B. (2017). Relational recovery: Beyond individualism in the recovery approach. Advances in Mental Health, 15(2), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/18387357.2016.1243014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priebe, S. (2007). Social outcomes in schizophrenia. The British Journal of Psychiatry. Supplement, 50(S50), s15–s20. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.50.s15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rennick-Egglestone, S., Morgan, K., Llewellyn-Beardsley, J., Ramsay, A., McGranahan, R., Gillard, S., Hui, A., Ng, F., Schneider, J., Booth, S., Pinfold, V., Davidson, L., Franklin, D., Bradstreet, S., Arbour, S., Slade, M. (2019). Mental health recovery narratives and their impact on recipients: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 64(10), 669–679. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719846108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rüsch, N., Abbruzzese, E., Hagedorn, E., Hartenhauer, D., Kaufmann, I., Curschellas, J., Ventling, S., Zuaboni, G., Bridler, R., Olschewski, M., Kawohl, W., Rössler, W., Kleim, B., Corrigan, P. W. (2014). Efficacy of Coming Out Proud to reduce stigma’s impact among people with mental illness: Pilot randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry : The Journal of Mental Science, 204(5), 391–397. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.135772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeri, A. K., Cruwys, T., Barlow, F. K., Stronge, S., Sibley, C. G. (2018). Social connectedness improves public mental health: Investigating bidirectional relationships in the New Zealand attitudes and values survey. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 52(4), 365–374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867417723990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salehi, A., Ehrlich, C., Kendall, E., Sav, A. (2019). Bonding and bridging social capital in the recovery of severe mental illness: A synthesis of qualitative research. Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon, England), 28(3), 331–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1466033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satici, S. A., Uysal, R., Deniz, M. E. (2016). Linking social connectedness to loneliness: The mediating role of subjective happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 306–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stain, H. J., Galletly, C. A., Clark, S., Wilson, J., Killen, E. A., Anthes, L., Campbell, L. E., Hanlon, M. -C., Harvey, C. (2012). Understanding the social costs of psychosis: The experience of adults affected by psychosis identified within the second Australian national survey of psychosis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 46(9), 879–889. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867412449060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuart, S. R., Tansey, L., Quayle, E. (2017). What we talk about when we talk about recovery: A systematic review and best-fit framework synthesis of qualitative literature. Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon, England), 26(3), 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2016.1222056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Such, E., Burton, H., Copeland, R. J., Davies, R., Goyder, E., Jeanes, R., Kesterton, S., Mackenzie, K., Magee, J. (2020). Developing a theory-driven framework for a football intervention for men with severe, moderate or enduring mental health problems: A participatory realist synthesis. Journal of Mental Health, 29(3), 277–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2019.1581339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornicroft, G. (2011). Physical health disparities and mental illness: The scandal of premature mortality. The British Journal of Psychiatry : The Journal of Mental Science, 199(6), 441–442. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.092718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UK Department of Culture Media and Sport. (2018). A connected society. A strategy for tackling loneliness – Laying the foundations for change. Stationery Office.
   Google Scholar
• van den Brink, R. H. S., Schutter, N., Hanssen, D. J. C., Elzinga, B. M., Rabeling-Keus, I. M., Stek, M. L., Comijs, H. C., Penninx, B., Voshaar, R. C. O. (2018). Prognostic significance of social network, social support and loneliness for course of major depressive disorder in adulthood and old age. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 27(3), 266–277. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796017000014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victor, C., Burholt, V., Martin, W. (2012). Loneliness and ethnic minority elders in Great Britain: An exploratory study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 27(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-012-9161-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Victor, C., Mansfield, L., Kay, T., Daykin, N., Lane, J., Duffy, L., Tomlinson, A., & Meads, C. (2018). An overview of reviews: The effectiveness of interventions to address loneliness at all stages of the life-course. What Works Centre for Wellbeing.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2013). Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020. World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar