University students’ experience of the Beirut port explosion: associations with subjective well-being and subjective symptoms of mental strain

References

• Aboim, S., & Vasconcelos, P. (2014). From political to social generations. European Journal of Social Theory, 17(2), 165–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431013509681
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aboultaif, E. W., & Tabar, P. (2019). National versus communal memory in Lebanon. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 25(1), 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537113.2019.1565183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler, N. E., Epel, E. S., Castellazzo, G., & Ickovics, J. R. (2000). Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: Preliminary data in healthy, white women. Health Psychology, 19(6), 586–592. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.19.6.586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agaibi, C. E., & Wilson, J. P. (2005). Trauma, PTSD, and resilience: A review of the literature. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 6(3), 195–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838005277438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhasnawi, S., Sadik, S., Rasheed, M., Baban, A., Al-Alak, M. M., Othman, A. Y., Othman, Y., Ismet, N., Shawani, O., Murthy, S., Aljadiry, M., Chatterji, S., Al-Gasseer, N., Streel, E., Naidoo, N., Mahomoud Ali, M., Gruber, M. J., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2009). The prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the Iraq Mental Health Survey (IMHS). World Psychiatry, 8(2), 97–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonovsky, A. (1993). The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 36(6), 725–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90033-Z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. The American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayyash-Abdo, H. (2010). Subjective well-being during political violence and uncertainty: A study of college youth in Lebanon. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 2(3), 340–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01038.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babić, R., Babić, M., Rastović, P., Ćurlin, M., Šimić, J., Mandić, K., & Pavlović, K. (2020). Resilience in health and illness. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(2), 226–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bech, P. (2004). Measuring the dimensions of psychological general well-being by the WHO-5. QoL Newsletter, 32, 15–16.
   Google Scholar
• Benjet, C., Lépine, J.-P., Piazza, M., Shahly, V., Shalev, A., & Stein, D. J. (2018). Chapter 3: Cross-national prevalence, distributions, and clusters of trauma exposure. In E. J. Bromet, E. G. Karam, K. C. Koenen, & D. J. Stein (Eds.), Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: Global perspectives from the WHO world mental health surveys. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bisson, J. I. (2008). Psychological debriefing for adults. Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice guidelines from the international society for traumatic stress studies. Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Bogic, M., Njoku, A., & Priebe, S. (2015). Long-term mental health of war-refugees: A systematic literature review. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 15(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-015-0064-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonanno, G. A., Westphal, M., & Mancini, A. D. (2011). Resilience to loss and potential trauma. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 511–535. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosqui, T. (2020). The need to shift to a contextualized and collective Mental Health Paradigm: Learning from crisis-hit Lebanon. Global Mental Health, 7, e26. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2020.20
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Andreski, P., Peterson, E. L., & Schultz, L. R. (1997). Sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54(11), 1044–1048. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230082012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin, C. R. (2014). Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 140(1), 69–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cave, M. (2015). The oral history reader. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cheaito, M. A., & Al-Hajj, S. (2020). A brief report on the Beirut port explosion. Mediterranean Journal of Emergency Medicine & Acute Care, 1(4), 2 p. https://doi.org/10.52544/2642-7184(1)4001
   Google Scholar
• Crespo, M., & Fernández-Lansac, V. (2016). Memory and narrative of traumatic events: A literature review. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 8(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dadaczynski, K., Okan, O., Messer, M., & Rathmann, K. (2022). University students’ sense of coherence, future worries and mental health: Findings from the German Covid-HL-Survey. Health Promotion International, 37(1), daab070. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daab070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, J. R. T., Book, S. W., Colket, J. T., Tupler, L. A., Roth, S., David, D., Hertzberg, M., Mellman, T., Beckham, J. C., Smith, R. D., Davidson, R. M., Katz, R., & Feldman, M. E. (1997). Assessment of a new self-rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Medicine, 27(1), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291796004229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, T. E., Grills-Taquechel, A. E., & Ollendick, T. H. (2010). The psychological impact from Hurricane Katrina: Effects of displacement and trauma exposure on university students. Behavior Therapy, 41(3), 340–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2009.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Didili, Z. (2020). Beirut records 220% increase in COVID-19 cases after explosion. New Europe. [September 3]. https://www.neweurope.eu/article/beirut-records-220-increase-in-covid-19-cases-after-explosion/
   Google Scholar
• Doll, L. S., & Haas, E. N. (2007). Building mass resilience to mass trauma events. Handbook of injury and violence prevention (pp. 347–358). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, M., & Lindström, B. (2006). Antonovsky’s sense of coherence scale and the relation with health: A systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(5), 376–381. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.041616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESCWA. (2021). ESCWA warns: Three-quarters of Lebanon’s residents plunge into poverty. ESCWA. [September 3]. http://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-warns-three-quarters-lebanon%E2%80%99s-residents-plunge-poverty
   Google Scholar
• Fan, W., & Yan, Z. (2010). Factors affecting response rates of the web survey: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 132–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.10.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fares, J., Gebeily, S., Saad, M., Harati, H., Nabha, S., Said, N., Kanso, M., Abdel Rassoul, R., & Fares, Y. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder in adult victims of cluster munitions in Lebanon: A 10-year longitudinal study. BMJ Open, 7(8), e017214. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farhood, L. F., & Dimassi, H. (2012). Prevalence and predictors for post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and general health in a population from six villages in South Lebanon. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(4), 639–649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0368-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E., Cashman, L., Jaycox, L., & Perry, K. (1997). The validation of a self-report measure of PTSD: The posttraumatic diagnostic scale. Psychological Assessment, 9(4), 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.445
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazier, P., Anders, S., Perera, S., Tomich, P., Tennen, H., Park, C., & Tashiro, T. (2009). Traumatic events among undergraduate students: Prevalence and associated symptoms. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(3), 450–460. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschberger, G. (2018). Collective trauma and the social construction of meaning. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1441. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karam, E. G., Mneimneh, Z. N., Dimassi, H., Fayyad, J. A., Karam, A. N., Nasser, S. C., Chatterji, S., & Kessler, R. C. (2008). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in Lebanon: First onset, treatment, and exposure to war. PLoS Medicine, 5(4), e61. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenen, K. C., Ratanatharathorn, A., Bromet, E. J., Karam, E. G., & Stein, D. J. (2018). Chapter 5: Population prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder. In E. J. Bromet, E. G. Karam, K. C. Koenen, & D. J. Stein (Eds.), Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: Global perspectives from the WHO world mental health surveys. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Koffman, T. (2020). Lebanon’s currency crisis paves the way to a new future. Forbes. [July 10]. https://www.forbes.com/sites/tatianakoffman/2020/07/09/lebanons-currency-crisis-paves-the-way-to-a-new-future/?sh=5404468c6a17
   Google Scholar
• Moore, S. A., & Zoellner, L. A. (2007). Overgeneral autobiographical memory and traumatic events: An evaluative review. Psychological Bulletin, 133(3), 419–437. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.3.419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Biotechnology Information (2021). for posttraumatic stress disorder in military and veteran populations: Initial assessment. National Center for Biotechnology Information. US National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24830058/
   Google Scholar
• Neria, Y., Nandi, A., & Galea, S. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 38(4), 467–480. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707001353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 52–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prugh, R. W. (2020). Historical record of ammonium nitrate disasters. Process Safety Progress, 39(4), . 12210.https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh, A., & Bista, K. (2017). Examining factors impacting online survey response rates in educational research: Perceptions of graduate students. Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Evaluation, 13(29), 63–74. https://journals.sfu.ca/jmde/index.php/jmde_1/article/view/487
   Google Scholar
• Sayed, S., Iacoviello, B. M., & Charney, D. S. (2015). Risk factors for the development of psychopathology following trauma. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(8), 612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-015-0612-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schäfer, S. K., Becker, N., King, L., Horsch, A., & Michael, T. (2019). The relationship between sense of coherence and post-traumatic stress: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1562839. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1562839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaar, K. H. (2013). Post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents in Lebanon as wars gained in Ferocity: A systematic review. Journal of Public Health Research, 2(2), . 17. 10.4081/jphr.2013.e17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shawish, H. (2019). How did Lebanon become the third most indebted nation? [ October 25]. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50183895
   Google Scholar
• Sly, L. (2020). Lebanon’s currency takes a new dive, and there is no end in sight. The Washington Post. [June 26]. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/lebanon-currency-economy-crisis/2020/06/26/9e2c62ea-b712-11ea-9a1d-d3db1cbe07ce_story.html
   Google Scholar
• Stennett, C., Gaulter, S., & Akhavan, J. (2020). An estimate of the TNT‐equivalent net explosive quantity (NEQ) of the Beirut port explosion using publicly‐available tools and data. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 45(11), 1675–1679. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202000227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streb, M., Häller, P., & Michael, T. (2014). PTSD in paramedics: Resilience and sense of coherence. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 42(4), 452–463. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465813000337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W., & Khaw, K. T. (2006). Resilience, misfortune, and mortality: Evidence that sense of coherence is a marker of social stress adaptive capacity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61(2), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tawilé, J. (2020). The specter of hyperinflation hovers over Lebanon. L'Orient today. [ October 30]. https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1238958/the-specter-of-hyperinflation-hovers-over-lebanon.html
   Google Scholar
• Tolin, D. F., & Foa, E. B. (2006). Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 959–992. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topp, C. W., Østergaard, S. D., Søndergaard, S., & Bech, P. (2015). The WHO-5 well-being index: A systematic review of the literature. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84(3), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1159/000376585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veronese, G., & Pepe, A. (2017). Sense of coherence as a determinant of psychological well-being across professional groups of aid workers exposed to war trauma. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(13), 1899–1920. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515590125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogt, K., Jenny, G. J., & Bauer, G. F. (2013). Comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness at work: Construct validity of a scale measuring work-related sense of coherence. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 39(1), 8 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v39i1.1111.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. (2020). Beirut rapid damage and needs assessment. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lebanon/publication/beirut-rapid-damage-and-needs-assessment-rdna–-august-2020
   Google Scholar
• Zaleski, Z., Sobol-Kwapinska, M., Przepiorka, A., & Meisner, M. (2019). Development and validation of the dark future scale. Time & Society, 28(1), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X16678257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar