Assessing clinical significance: Application to the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression

References

• Beck, A.T., Ward, C.H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J. & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, B.J., Fielding, J.M., & Blashki, T.G. (1973). Depression rating scales: A critical review. Ar-chives of General Psychiatry, 28, 361–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, L. & Mendoza, J.L. (1986). A method of assessing change in a single subject: An alteration of the RC index. Behavior Therapy, 17, 305–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1977). Statsitical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (rev. ed.). New York, Aca-demic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Derogatis, L.R., Rickels, K. & Rock, A.F. (1976). The SCL-90 and the MMPI: A step in the validation of anew self-report scale. British Journal of Psychia-try, 128, 280–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisch, M.B., Cornell, J., Villanueva, M. & Retzlaff, P.J. (1992). The manual for the quality of life inventory. Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Grundy, C.T. (1993). Assessing clinical significance: Application to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Dissertation, Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University.
   Google Scholar
• Grundy, C.T., Lunnen, KM., Lambert, M.J., Ashton, J.E. & Tovey, D.R. (1994). The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: One scale or many? Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 1, 197–205.
   Google Scholar
• Guy, W. (1976). ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology (DHEW Publication No.
   Google Scholar
• ADM 76–336). Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, M. (1967). Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. British Journal of So-cial and Clinical Psychology, 6, 278–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, M. (1980). Rating depressive patients. Jour-nal of Clinical Psychiatry, 41, 21–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedlund, J.L. & Vieweg, B.W. (1979). The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: A comprehensive review. Journal of Operational Psychology, 10, 149–165.
   Google Scholar
• Hooijer, C., Zitman, F.G., Briez, E., Tilburg, W., Willemse, A. & Dinkgreve, M. (1991). The Ham-ilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS): Changes in scores as a function of training and version used. Journal of Affective Disorders, 22, 21–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, L. M., Rosenberg, SE., Baer, B.A., Ureno, G. & Villasenor, V.S. (1988). Inventory of inter-personal problems: Psychometric properties and clinical application. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 885–892.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson, N.S., Follette, W.C. & Revenstorf, D. (1984). Psychotherapy outcome research: Methods for re-porting variability and evaluating clinical signifi-cance. Behavior Therapy, 15, 336–352.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson, N. S. & Truax, P. (1991). Clinical signifiance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12–19.
   Google Scholar
• Lambert, M.J. & Hill, C.E. (1994). Assessing psycho-therapy outcome and process. In: A.E. Bergin & S.L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (4th ed.). New York, Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Moran, P.W. & Lambert, M.J. (1983). A review of current assessment tools for monitoring changes in depression. In: M.J. Lambert, E.R. Christensen, S.S. DeJulio (Eds.), The assessment of psycho-therapy outcome. (pp. 263-303). New York, Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Mowbray, R.M. (1972). The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression: A factor analysis. Psychological Medicine, 2, 272–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulsant, B.H., Rosen, J., Thornton, J.E. & Zubenko, G.S. (1991). A prospective naturalistic study of electroconvulsive therapy in late-life depression. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 4, 3–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ogles, B.M., Lambert, M.J. & Sawyer, J.D. (1995). Clinical significance of the National Institute of Mental Health treatment of depression collabora-tive research program data. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 321–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfohl, B., Stangl, D. & Zimmerman, M. (1984). The implications of DSM-III personality disorders for patients with major depression. Journal of Affec-tive Disorders, 7, 309–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds, C.F, Perel, J.M., Kupfer, D.J., Zimmer, B., Stack & Hoch, C.C. (1987). Open-trialresponse to antidepressant treatment in elderly patients with mixed depression and cognitive impairment. Psy-chiatry Research, 21, 111–122.
   Google Scholar
• Riskind, J.H., Beck, A.T., Brown, G., & Steer, R.A. (1987). Taking the measure of anxiety and depres-sion: Validity of the reconstructed Hamilton scales. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 175, 474–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, L.A., Berman, J. S. & Neimeyer,R.A. (1990). Psychotherapy for the treatment of depression: A comprehensive review of controlled outcome re-search. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 30–49.
   Google Scholar
• Saunders, S. M., Howard, K.I. & Newman, F.L. (1988). Evaluating the clinical significance of treatment effects: Norms and normality. Behavioral Assess-ment, 10, 207–218.
   Google Scholar
• Seeman, J. (1989). Toward a model of positive health. American Psychologist, 44, 1099–1109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuch, R.L., Lushene, P.R. & Jacobs, G.A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Palo Alto, CA, Con-sulting Psychologists.
   Google Scholar
• Tingey, R.C., Lambert, M.J., Burlingame, G.M. & Hansen, N.S. (in press) Assessing clinical signifi-cance: Extension in method and application to the SCL-90-R. Psychotherapy Research..
   Google Scholar
• Williams, J.B.W. (1988). A structured interview guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Ar-chives of General Psychiatry, 45, 742–747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, M., Pfohl, B., Stangl, D. & Coryel, W. (1986). An American validation study of the New-castle diagnostic scale. British Journal ofPsychia-try, 149, 627–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar