Determination and validity of critical swimming velocity in elite physically disabled swimmers

References

• Monod H, Scherrer J. The work capacity of a synergic muscular group. Ergonomics 1965; 8: 329–338
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moritani T, Nagata A, De Vries H A, Muro M. Critical power as a measure of physical work capacity and anaerobic threshold. Ergonomics 1981; 24: 339–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakayoshi K, Yoshida T, Udo M, Kasai T, Moritani T, Mutoh Y, Miyashita M. A simple method for determining critical speed as swimming fatigue threshold in competitive swimming. Int J Sports Med 1992; 13: 367–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakayoshi K, Ikuta K, Yoshida T, Udo M, Moritani T, Mutoh Y, Miyashita M. Determining and validity of critical as an index of swimming performance in the competitive swimmer. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1992; 64: 153–157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakayoshi K, Yoshida T, Kasai T, Moritani T, Mutoh Y, Miyashita M. Validity of critical velocity as swimming fatigue threshold in the competitive swimmer. Ann Physiol Anthropol 1992; 11: 301–307
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wakayoshi K, Yoshida T, Udo M, Harada T, Moritani T, Mutoh Y, Miyashita M. Does critical swimming velocity represent exercise intensity at maximal lactate steady state?. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1993; 66: 90–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin L, Whyte G P. Comparison of critical swimming velocity and velocity at lactate threshold in elite triathletes. Int J Sports Med 2000; 21: 366–368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denadai B S, Greco C C, Teixeira M. Blood lactate response and critical speed in swimmers aged 10 – 12 years of different standards. J Sports Sci 2000; 8: 779–784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekerle J, Pelayo P, Clipet B, Depretz S, Lefevre T, Sidney M. Critical swimming speed does not represent the speed at maximal lactate steady state. Int J Sports Med 2005; 26(7)524–530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ettema J H. Limits of human performance and energy production. Intern Zeitschrift Physiol Arbeitsphysiol 1966; 22: 45–54
   Google Scholar
• Vandewalle H, Vautier J F, Kachouri M, Lecevalier J M, Monod H. Work-exhaustion time relationships and the critical power concept. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1997; 37: 89–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright B, Smith D J. A protocol for the determining of critical speed as an index of swimming endurance performance. Med Sport Sci 1994; 39: 55–59
   Google Scholar
• Fernandes R, Vilas-Boas J P. Critical velocity as a criterion for estimating aerobic training pace in juvenile swimmers. Biomechanics and Medicine and Swimming VIII. Grummerus Printing, Hyväskylä 1999; 223–238
   Google Scholar
• Dekerle J, Sidney M, Hespel J M, Pelayo P. Validity and reliability of critical speed, critical stroke rate, and anaerobic capacity in relation to front crawl swimming performances. Int J Sports Med 2002; 23: 93–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster C, Fitzgerald D J, Spatz P. Stability of the blood lactate-heart rate relationship in competitive athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: 578–582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjodin B H, Jacobs I. Onset of blood lactate accumulation and marathon running performance. Int J Sports Med 1981; 2: 23–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kindermann W, Simon G, Keul J. The significance of the aerobic-anaerobic transition for the determination of work load intensities during endurance training. Eur J Appl Physiol 1979; 42: 25–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner J S, McLellan T H. The transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Res Q Exerc Sport 1980; 51: 234–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heck H, Mader A, Hess G, Mucke S, Muller R, Hollmann W. Justification of the 4 mmol/l lactate threshold. Int J Sports Med 1985; 6: 117–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavoie J M, Leger L A, Leone M, Provencher P J. A maximal multistage swim test to determine the functional and maximal aerobic power of competitive swimmers. J Swim Res 1985; 1: 17–22
   Google Scholar
• Pelayo P, Mujika I, Sidney M, Chatard J C. Blood lactate recovery measurements, training and performance during a 23-week period of competitive swimming. Eur J Appl Physiol 1996; 74: 107–113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonen A, Baker S K, Hatta H. Lactate transporters and lactate transport in skeletal muscle. Can J Appl Physiol 1997; 22: 531–552
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohkuma T, Itoh H. Blood lactate, glycerol and catecholamine in arm strokes, leg kicks and whole crawl strokes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1992; 32: 32–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Medical Association. Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. G Andersson, L Cocchiarella. Oregon, Portland 2004
   Google Scholar
• International Paralympic Committee. IPC Swimming. Handbook Technical & Classification information, Australia 2005
   Google Scholar
• Bishop D, Jenkins D G, Howard A. The critical power function is dependent on the duration of the predictive exercise tests chosen. Int J Sports Med 1998; 19: 125–129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughson R L, Orok C J, Staudt L E. A high velocity running test to assess endurance running potential. Int J Sports Med 1984; 5: 23–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill D W, Steward R P, Lane C J. Application of the critical power concept to young swimmers. Pediatr Exer Sci 1995; 7: 281–293
   Google Scholar
• Wakayoshi K, Dacquisto L J, Cappaert J M, Troup J P. Relationship between oxygen-uptake, stroke rate and swimming velocity in competitive swimming. Int J Sports Med 1995; 16: 19–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelayo P, Sidney M, Moretto P, Wille F, Chollet D. Stroking parameters in top level swimmers with a disability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: 1839–1843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gastin P B. Energy system interaction and relative contribution during maximal exercise. Sports Med 1999; 31: 725–741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar