References
- Ramagopalan SV, Sadovnick a. D. Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Clin. 2011;29:207–217.
- World Health Organization. Atlas: Multiple Sclerosis resources in the world. Vasa; 2008.
- Pugliatti M, Riise T, Sotgiu MA, et al. Increasing incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Province of Sassari, Northern Sardinia. Neuroepidemiology. 2005;25:129–134.
- Pugliatti M, Sotgiu S, Solinas G, et al. Multiple sclerosis epidemiology in Sardinia: evidence for a true increasing risk. Acta Neurol Scand. 2001;103:20–26
- LaRocca N. Impact of walking impairment in Multiple Sclerosis. Patient Patient-Centered Outcomes Res. 2011;4:189–201.
- Sosnoff JJ, Sandroff BM, Motl RW. Quantifying gait abnormalities in persons with multiple sclerosis with minimal disability. Gait Posture. 2012;36:154–156.
- Krupp LB, Alvarez LA, LaRocca NG, et al. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1988;45:435–437.
- Rao SM, Leo GJ, Ellington L, et al. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. II. Impact on employment and social functioning. Neurology. 1991;41:692–696.
- Hamilton F, Rochester L, Paul L, et al. Walking and talking: an investigation of cognitive-motor dual tasking in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclereosis. 2009;15:1215–1227.
- Kalron A, Dvir Z, Achiron A. Walking while talking-Difficulties incurred during the initial stages of multiple sclerosis disease process. Gait Posture. 2010;32:332–335.
- Wajda D. a, Motl RW, Sosnoff JJ. Dual task cost of walking is related to fall risk in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 2013;335:160–163.
- Sosnoff JJ, Boes MK, Sandroff BM, et al. Walking and thinking in persons with multiple sclerosis who vary in disability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:2028–2033.
- Cameron MH, Wagner JM. Gait abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis, evaluation, and advances in treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2011;11:507–515.
- Swinnen E, Beckwée D, Pinte D, et al. Treadmill training in multiple sclerosis: can body weight support or robot assistance provide added value? A systematic review. Multiple Sclerosis Int. 2012;2012:240274.
- Benedetti MG, Gasparroni V, Stecchi S, et al. Treadmill exercise in early multiple sclerosis: a case series study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2009;45:53–59.
- Mirelman A, Maidan I, Herman T, et al. Virtual reality for gait training: can it induce motor learning to enhance complex walking and reduce fall risk in patients with Parkinson’s disease?. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66:234–240.
- Jaffe DL, Brown D. a, Pierson-Carey CD, et al. Stepping over obstacles to improve walking in individuals with poststroke hemiplegia. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2004;41:283–292.
- Peruzzi A, Cereatti A, Della Croce U, et al. Effects of a virtual reality and treadmill training on gait of subjects with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Multiple Sclerosis Relat Disord. 2016;5:91–96.
- Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 Revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol. 2011;69:292–302.
- Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology. 1983;33:1444–1452.
- Rosati G. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the world: an update. Neurol Sci. 2001;22:117–139.
- Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2002;359:1221–1231.
- A P, A C, A M, et al. Feasibility and acceptance of a virtual reality system for gait training of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Eur Int J Sci Technol. 2013;2:171–181.
- Borg E. On perceived exertion and its measurement. Psychology. 2007;50:1927–1934.
- Davis R, Ounpuu S, Tyburski D, et al. A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique. Hum Mov Sci. 1991;10:575–587.
- Benedetti MG, Pignotti E. Data management in gait analysis for clinical applications. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1998;13:204–215.
- Enright PL. The six-minute walk test. Respir Care. 2003;48:783–785.
- Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed “ Up & Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39:142–148.
- Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI, et al. Measuring balance in the elderly: Preliminary development of an instrument. Physiotherapy Canada. 1989;41:304–311.
- Dite W, Temple VA. A clinical test of stepping and change of direction to identify multiple falling older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:1566–1571.
- Blennerhassett JM, Jayalath VM. The Four Square Step Test is a feasible and valid clinical test of dynamic standing balance for use in ambulant people poststroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:2156–2161.
- Giesser B, Beres-Jones J, Budovitch A, et al. Locomotor training using body weight support on a treadmill improves mobility in persons with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Multiple Sclerosis. 2007;13:224–231.
- Pilutti LA, Lelli DA, Paulseth JE, et al. Effects of 12 weeks of supported treadmill training on functional ability and quality of life in progressive multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:31–36.
- van den Berg M, Dawes H, Wade DT, et al. Treadmill training for individuals with multiple sclerosis: a pilot randomized trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;77:531–533.
- Newman MA, Dawes H, van den Berg M, et al. Can aerobic treadmill training reduce the effort of walking and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Multiple Sclerosis. 2007;13:113–119.
- Winter DA. Biomechanics and motor control of human gait: normal, elderly and pathological. 2nd ed. University of Waterloo Press, Waterloo, Ontario.
- Graf A, Judge JO, Õunpuu S, et al. The effect of walking speed on lower-extremity joint powers among elderly adults who exhibit low physical performance. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:2177–2183.
- Murray MP, Mollinger LA, Gardner GM, et al. Kinematic and EMG patterns during slow, free, and fast walking. J Orthop Res. 1984;2:272–280.
- Fulk GD. Locomotor training and virtual reality-based balance training for an individual with multiple sclerosis: a case report. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2005;29:34–42.
- Bovi G, Rabuffetti M, Mazzoleni P, et al. A multiple-task gait analysis approach: kinematic, kinetic and EMG reference data for healthy young and adult subjects. Gait Posture. 2011;33:6–13.