Efficacy of pulsed high-intensity laser therapy on pain, functional capacity, and gait in children with haemophilic arthropathy

References

• Fijnvadraat K, Cnossen MH, Leebek FWG, et al. Diagnosis and management of haemophilia. BMJ. 2012;344:e2707. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lissauer T, Clayden G. Illustrated textbook of paediatrics. 4th ed. Toronto: Elsevier; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• White GC, Rosendaal F, Aledort LM, et al. Definitions in hemophilia. Recommendation of the scientific subcommittee on factor VIII and factor IX of the scientific and standardization committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Thromb Haemost. 2001;85:560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onwuzurike N, Warrier I, Lusher JM. Types of bleeding seen during the first 30 months of life in children with severe haemophilia A and B. Haemophilia. 1996;10:137–140.
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Merchan EC. Effects of hemophilia on articulations of children and adults. Clin Orthop. 1996;328:7–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raffini L, Manno C. Modern management of haemophilic arthropathy. Br J Haematol. 2007;136:777–787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toca-Herrera JL, Gallach JE, Gómis M. Cross education after one session of unilateral surface electrical stimulation of the rectus femoris. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:614–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guracy E, Eksioglu E, Ezer U, et al. A prospective series of musculoskeletal system rehabilitation of arthropathic joints in young male hemophilic patients. Rheumatol Int. 2008;28: 541–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzzard BM. Physiotherapy for the prevention of articular contraction in hemophilia. Haemophilia. 1999;5:10–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Merchan EC. Therapeutic options in the management of articular contractures in hemophiliacs. Haemophilia. 1999;5:5–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelletier JR, Findley TW, Gemma SA. Isometric exercise for an individual with hemophilic arthropathy. Phys Ther. 1987;9:1359–1364.
   Google Scholar
• Demartis F, De Cristofaro R, Fasulo MR, et al. Analgesic effects of high intensity laser therapy (HILT) for chronic hemophilic arthropathy: a pilot study on safety, tolerability and clinical outcomes. Energy Health. 2013;11:4–8.
   Google Scholar
• Monici M, Cialdai F, Fusi F, et al. Effects of pulsed Nd: YAG laser at molecular and cellular level. Energy Health. 2008;3:26–32.
   Google Scholar
• Baggish MS. High-power-density carbon dioxide laser therapy for early cervical neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1980;136:117–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiglić-Rogoznica N, Stamenković D, Frlan-Vrgoc L, et al. Analgesic effect of high intensity laser therapy in knee osteoarthritis. Coll Antropol. 2011;35:183–185.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zati A, Degli Esposti S, Bilotta TW. Analgesic and psychological effects of CO2 Laser treatment: a clinical study. Laser Technol. 1997;7:23–30.
   Google Scholar
• Kujawa J, Zavodnik L, Zavodnik I, et al. Effect of low-intensity (3.75-25 J/cm2) near-infrared (810 nm) laser radiation on red blood cell ATPase activities and membrane structure. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2004;22:111–117.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santamato A, Solfrizzi V, Panza F, et al. Short-term effects of high-intensity laser therapy versus ultrasound therapy in the treatment of people with subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther. 2009;89:643–652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saggini R, Bellomo RG, Cancelli F. Hilterapia and chronic ankle pain syndromes. Energy Health. 2009;3:22–25.
   Google Scholar
• Holdredge S, Cotta S. Physical therapy and rehabilitation in the care of adult and children with hemophilia. 1st ed. In: Hilgartner NW, Pochedly, editor. Hemophilia in the child and adult. New York (NY): Raven press; 1989. p. 443–46419. McRae R. Knee joint examination. In clinical orthopedic examination; Chapter II; p. 171–208.
   Google Scholar
• Welkowitz J, Cohen BH, Lea RB. Introductory statistics for the behavioral sciences, 3rd ed. San Diego (CA): Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Wewers ME, Lowe NK. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Res Nurs Health. 1990;13:227–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendiani JA, Westlund KN, Lawand N, et al. Mechanical sensation and pain thresholds in patients with chronic arthropathies. J Pain. 2003;4:203–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Uden CJT, Besser MP. Test-retest reliability of temporal and spatial gait characteristics measured with an instrumented walkway system GAITRite®. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2004;5:13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorpe DE, Dusing SC, Moore CG. Repeatability of tempero spatial gait measures in children using the GAITRite electronic walkway. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:2342–2346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster KE, Wittwer JE, Feller JA. Validity of the GAITRite walkway system for the measurement of averaged and individual step parameters of gait. Gait Posture. 2005;22:317–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menz HB, Latt MD, Tiedmann A, et al. Reliability of the GAITRite walkway system for the quantification of temporo-spatial parameters of gait in young and older people. Gait Posture. 2004;20:20–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linden ML, van der Kerr AM, Hazlewood ME, et al. Kinematic and kinetic gait characteristics of normal children walking at a range of clinically relevant speeds. J Pediatr Orthop. 2002;22:800–806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posten W, Wrone DA, Dover JS, et al. Low-level laser therapy for wound healing: mechanism and efficacy. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:334–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basford JR. Low intensity laser therapy: still not an established clinical tool. Lasers Surg Med. 1995;16:331–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zati A, Valent A. Physical therapy: new technologies in rehabilitation medicine (translated to English). Edizioni Minerva Medica. 2006;2006:162–185.
   Google Scholar
• Mizutani K, Musya Y, Wakae K, et al. A clinical study on serum prostaglandin E2 with low-level laser therapy. Photomed Laser Surg. 2004;22:537–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cousins M, Bridenbaugh PO. Neural blockade in clinical anesthesia and management of pain. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1980. p. 1135–1143.
   Google Scholar
• Arnér S, Lindblom U, Meyerson BA, et al. Prolonged relief of neuralgia after regional anesthetic blocks. A call for further experimental and systematic clinical studies. Pain. 1990;43:287–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laakso EL, Cramond T, Richardson C, et al. Plasma ACTH and β-endorphin levels in response to low level laser therapy (LLLT) for myofascial trigger points. Laser Ther. 1994;6:133–141.
   Google Scholar
• Kheshie AR, Alayat MSM, Ali MME. High-intensity versus low-level laser therapy in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2014;29:1371–1376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow R, Armati P, Laakso E-L, et al. Inhibitory effects of laser irradiation on peripheral mammalian nerves and relevance to analgesic effects: a systematic review. Photomed Laser Surg. 2011;29:365–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viliani T, Martini C, Mangone G, et al. High intensity laser therapy in knee osteoarthritis: comparison between two different pulsed-laser treatment protocols. Energy for Health. 2010;5:26–29.
   Google Scholar
• Viliani T, Carrabba C, Mangone G, et al. High intensity pulsed Nd: YAG laser in painful knee osteoarthritis: the biostimulatin gprotocol. Energy for Health. 2012;9:18–22.
   Google Scholar
• Tsukya K, Kawatani M, Takeshige C, et al. Laser irradiation abates neuronal responses to nociceptive stimulation of rat paw skin. Brain Res Bull. 2004;34:369–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolau RA, Martinez MS, Rigau J, et al. Neurotransmitter release changes induced by low power 830 nm diode laser irradiation on the neuromuscular junctions of the mouse. Lasers Surg Med. 2004;35:236–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadi M, Ali SV, Isa MZ, et al. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) for chronic low back pain (LBP). Eur J Sci Res. 2009;29:76–81.
   Google Scholar
• Alghadir A, Omar MT, Al-Askar AB, et al. Effect of low-level laser therapy in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis: a single-blinded randomized clinical study. Lasers Med Sci. 2014;29: 749–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar