Effects of Ai Chi on balance, quality of life, functional mobility, and motor impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease^*

References

• Bryant MS, Rintala DH, Hou JG, et al. Influence of fear of falling on gait and balance in Parkinson's disease. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36:744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaafsma JD, Giladi N, Balash Y, et al. Gait dynamics in Parkinson's disease: relationship to Parkinsonian features, falls and response to levodopa. J Neurol Sci. 2003;212:47–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Kolk NM, King LA. Effects of exercise on mobility in people with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2013;28:1587–1596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond MJ, Cameron JL, Hoffer BJ, et al. Neurorestoration by physical exercise: moving forward. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18:147–150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Volpe D, Giantin MG, Maestri R, et al. Comparing the effects of hydrotherapy and land-based therapy on balance in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Rehabil. 2014;28:1210–1217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade CHS, Silva BF, Corso SD. Efeitos da hidroterapia no equilíbrio de indivíduos comdoença de Parkinson. Cons Saúde. 2010;9:317–323.
   Google Scholar
• Ayan C, Cancela JM, Gutierrez-Santiago A, et al. Effects of two different exercise programs on gait parameters in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Gait Posture. 2014;39:648–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez CA, Cancela JM. Effectiveness of water-based exercise in people living with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2014;11:107–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambeck J, Gamper U. Ai Chi. In: Becker EB, Cole AJ, eds. Comprehensive aquatic therapy. 3rd ed. Maine: Aquatic Science Associates. 2010. p. 13040.
   Google Scholar
• Dutton M. Ai-Chi. In: Maro Gartside, ed. Orthopaedics for the physical therapist assistant. 1st ed. London: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2011. p. 187.
   Google Scholar
• Sova R. Ai-Chi. In: Brody LT, Geigle PR, eds. Aquatic exercise for rehabilitation and training. 1st ed. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics; 2009. p. 10116.
   Google Scholar
• Villegas ILP, Israel VL. Effect of the Ai-Chi method on functional activity, quality of life, and posture in patients with Parkinson disease. Topics Geriatr Rehabil. 2014;30:2829.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-de la Cruz S, García Luengo AV, Lambeck J. Effects of an Ai Chi fall prevention programme for patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurologia. (English Edition). 2016;31:176–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetz CG, Poewe W, Rascol O, et al. Movement Disorder Society Task Force report on the Hoehn and Yahr staging scale: status and recommendations the Movement Disorder Society Task Force on rating scales for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2004;19:1020–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keskinoglu P, Ucku R, Yener G, et al. Reliability and validity of revised Turkish version of Mini Mental State Examination (rMMSE‐T) in community dwelling educated and uneducated elderly. Int J Geriat Psychiatry. 2009;24:1242–1250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang M, Ragan BG, Park JH. Issues in outcomes research: an overview of randomization techniques for clinical trials. J Athl Train. 2008;43:215–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büyükturan Ö, Ekici G, Ün Yıldırım N. The relationships among isolated muscle strengths and ratio, balance and quality of life in the elderly. J Occup Ther Rehabil. 2015;3:8794.
   Google Scholar
• Berg KO, Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI, etet al. Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Public Health. 1992;83:711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed ”Up & Go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39:142–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkinson C, Fitzpatrick R, Peto V, et al. The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39): development and validation of a Parkinson's disease summary index score. Age Ageing. 1997;26:3537.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peto V, Jenkinson C, Fitzpatrick R, et al. The development and validation of a short measure of functioning and well being for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Qual Life Res. 1995;4:241–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbostancı MC, Balaban H, Atbasoğlu C. Birlesik Parkinson Hastalığı Değerleme Ölçeği Motor Muayene Bölümü ve Anormal Đstemsiz Hareketler Ölçeği’nin değerlendiriciler arası güvenilirlik çalısması. Parkinson Hastalığı Ve Hareket Bozuklukları Dergisi. 2000;3:713.
   Google Scholar
• Bayraktar D, Guclu-Gunduz A, Yazici G, etet al. Effects of Ai-Chi on balance, functional mobility, strength and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;33:4317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch MA, Toole T, Maitland CG, et al. The effects of balance training and high-intensity resistance training on persons with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1109–1117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomlinson CL, Herd CP, Clarke CE. Physiotherapy for Parkinson's disease: a comparison of techniques. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;6:CD002815.
   Google Scholar
• Smania N, Corato E, Tinazzi M, et al. Effect of balance training on postural instability in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010;24:826–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qutubuddin AA, Cifu DX, Armistead-Jehle P, et al. A comparison of computerized dynamic posturography therapy to standard balance physical therapy in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. NeuroRehabilitation. 2007;22:261-265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennison C, Turnbull BW. Group sequential methods with applications to clinical trials. New York: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Proschan M, Lan KKG, Wittes JT. Statistical monitoring of clinical trials. New York: Springer; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Chang M. Classical and adaptive clinical trial designs. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Padula CA, Yeaw E. Inspiratory muscle training: integrative review. Res Theory Nurs Prac. 2006;20:291–304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jentoft ES, Kvalvik AG, Mengshoel AM. Effects of pool-based and land-based aerobic exercise on women with fibromyalgia/chronic widespread muscle pain. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;45:42–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller B, Lambeck J, Daly D. Therapeutic aquatic exercise in the treatment of low back pain: a systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2009;23:3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baroni G, Pedrocchi A, Ferrigno G, et al. Static and dynamic postural control in long-term microgravity: evidence of a dual adaptation. J Appl Physiol. 2001;90:205–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massion J. Body orientation and regulation of the center of gravity during movement under water. J Vestib Res. 1995;5:211–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivas J, Arias P, Cudeiro J. Aquatic therapy versus conventional land-based therapy for Parkinson's disease: an open-label pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:1202–1210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zotz TGG, Souza EA, Israel, et al. Aquatic physical therapy for Parkinson’s disease. APD. 2013;1027.
   Google Scholar
• Abbruzzese G, Marchese R, Avanzino L, et al. Rehabilitation for Parkinson's disease: current outlook and future challenges. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016;22:60–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis T, Boudreau JK, DeAngelis TR, et al. Barriers to exercise in people with Parkinson disease. Phys Ther. 2013;93:628–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Nimwegen M, Speelman AD, Hofman-van Rossum EJ, et al. Physical inactivity in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol. 2011;258:2214–2221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson MH, Drake AM, Hagell P. Assessment of fall-related self-efficacy and activity avoidance in people with Parkinson's disease. BMC Geriatr. 2010;10:78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petzinger GM, Fisher BE, McEwen S, et al. Exercise enhanced neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitry in Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:716–726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro-Junior RS, Cevada T, Oliveira BR, et al. We need to move more: neurobiological hypotheses of physical exercise as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. Med Hypotheses. 2015;85:537–541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni XT, Liu S, Lu F, et al. Efficacy and safety of Tai Chi for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled. PLoS One. 2014;9:e99377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Li XY, Gong L, et al. Tai Chi for improvement of motor function, balance and gait in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9:e102942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira R, P´erez L, Lambeck J, et al. The influence of Ai Chi on balance and fear of falling in older adults: a randomized clinical trial. Physiotherapy. 2010;97:1–65.
   Google Scholar
• Noh DK, Lim JY, Shin HI, et al. The effect of aquatic therapy on postural balance and muscle strength in stroke survivors – a randomized controlled pilot trial. Clin Rehabil. 2008;22:966–976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro-Sanchez AM, Mataran-Penarrocha GA, Lara-Palomo I, et al. Hydrotherapy for the treatment of pain in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Evidence-based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;4739–4763.
   Google Scholar
• Romero S, Bishop MD, Velozo CA, et al. Minimum detectable change of the Berg Balance Scale and Dynamic Gait Index in older persons at risk for falling. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2011;34:131–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell C, Rowse J, Ciol M, et al. The effect of cognitive demand on timed up and go performance in older adults with and without Parkinson disease. Neurol Rep. 2003;27:2–7.
   Google Scholar
• Lim L, van Wegen E, de Goede C, et al. Measuring gait and gait-related activities Parkinson’s patients’ own home environment: a reliability, responsiveness, and feasibility study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2005;11:19–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffen T, Seney M. Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36-item short-form health survey, and the unified Parkinson disease rating scale in people with Parkinsonism. Phys Ther. 2008;88:733–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang SL, Hsieh CL, Wu RM, et al. Minimal detectable change of the timed “up & go” test and the dynamic gait index in people with Parkinson disease. Phys Ther. 2011;91:114–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siderowf A, McDermott M, Kieburtz K, et al. Test-retest reliability of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale in patients with early Parkinson’s disease: results from a multicenter clinical trial. Mov Disord. 2002;17:758–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrag A, Sampaio C, Counsell N, et al. Minimal clinically important change on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Mov Disord. 2006;21:1200–1207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peto V, Jenkinson C, Fitzpatrick RAY. Determining minimally important differences for, the PDQ‐39 Parkinson's disease questionnaire. Age Ageing. 2001;30:302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar