1,063
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Papers

The management of patients with functional stroke: speech and language therapists’ views and experiences

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 3547-3558 | Received 28 Jul 2020, Accepted 19 Dec 2020, Published online: 07 Jan 2021

References

  • SSNAP. Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP) Clinical audit April 2013-March 2018 annual public report. London: Healthcare Quality Improement Partnership; 2019.
  • Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party. National clinical guideline for stroke. 5th ed. UK: Royal College of Physicians; 2016.
  • Moynihan B, Davis D, Pereira A, et al. Delivering regional thrombolysis via a hub-and-spoke model. J R Soc Med. 2010;103(9):363–369.
  • Gibson L, Whiteley W. The differential diagnosis of suspected stroke: a systematic review. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2013;43(2):114–118.
  • Merino J, Luby M, Benson R, et al. Predictors of acute stroke mimics in 8187 patients referred to a stroke service. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;22(8):397–403.
  • Dawson A, Cloud G, Pereira A, et al. Stroke mimic diagnoses presenting to a hyperacute stroke unit. Clin Med (Lond). 2016;16(5):423–426.
  • Flynn D, Ford GA, Rodgers H, et al. A time series evaluation of the FAST national stroke awareness campaign in England. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e104289
  • Jones AT, O'Connell NK, David AS. Epidemiology of functional stroke mimic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(1):18–26.
  • Jones A, O’Connell N, David A. Functional stroke symptoms: a narrative review and conceptual model. JNCN Adv. 2020;32(1):14–23.
  • Faiz KW, Labberton AS, Thommessen B, et al. The burden of stroke mimics: present and future projections. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;27(5):1288–1295.
  • London Strategic Clinical Networks. Stroke acute commissioning and tariff guidance. 2014.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
  • Chen Y, Bogosavljevic V, Leys D, et al. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy in patients with stroke mimics: baseline characteristics and safety profile. Eur J Neurol. 2011;18(10):1246–1250.
  • Lewandowski C, Mays-Wilson K, Miller J, et al. Safety and outcomes in stroke mimics after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration: a single-center experience. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;24(1):48–52.
  • Quenardelle V, Lauer-Ober V, Zinchenko I, et al. Stroke mimics in a stroke care pathway based on MRI screening. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;42(3–4):205–212.
  • Gargalas S, Weeks R, Khan-Bourne N, et al. Incidence and outcome of functional stroke mimics admitted to a hyperacute stroke unit. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2017;88(1):2–6.
  • Wilkins SS, Bourke P, Salam A, et al. Functional stroke mimics: incidence and characteristics at a primary stroke center in the Middle East. Psychosom Med. 2018;80(5):416–421.
  • O’Connell N. Functional neurological disorder in acute stroke and mental health: a mixed methods assessment of experiences, prevalence, associated clinical factors, and treatment [dissertation]. London: Inst Psychiatry, Psychol Neurosci King’s Coll London; 2018.
  • Fernandes PM, Whiteley WN, Hart SR, et al. Strokes: mimics and chameleons. Pract Neurol. 2013;13(1):21–28.
  • Nielsen G, Edwards M, Stone J, et al. Functional disorders presenting to the stroke service. In: Caplan LR, Biller J, Leary M, editors. Primer on cerebrovascular diseases. 2nd ed. London: Elsevier; 2017. p. 623–630.
  • Nazir F, Lees K, Bone I. Clinical features associated with medically unexplained stroke-like symptoms presenting to an acute stroke unit. Eur J Neurol. 2005;12(2):81–85.
  • McClelland G, Flynn D, Rodgers H, et al. A survey of UK paramedics’ views about their stroke training, current practice and the identification of stroke mimics. BPJ. 2017;2(1):4–15.
  • Segal J, Lam A, Dubrey SW, et al. Stroke mimic: an interesting case of repetitive conversion disorder. BMJ Case Rep. 2012;2012:bcr2012007556.
  • Popkirov S, Stone J, Buchan AM. Functional neurological disorder: a common and treatable stroke mimic. Stroke. 2020;51(5):1629–1635.
  • Guillan M, Alonso-Canovas A, Gonzalez-Valcarcel J, et al. Stroke mimics treated with thrombolysis: further evidence on safety and distinctive clinical features. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;34(2):115–120.
  • Daum C, Hubschmid M, Aybek S. The value of 'positive' clinical signs for weakness, sensory and gait disorders in conversion disorder: a systematic and narrative review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(2):180–190.
  • Cock H, Edwards M. Functional neurological disorders: acute presentations and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2018;18(5):414–417.
  • Löwe B, Gerloff C. Functional somatic symptoms across cultures: perceptual and health care issues. Psychosom Med. 2018;80(5):412–415.
  • Nettleton S, Watt I, O'Malley L, et al. Understanding the narratives of people who live with medically unexplained illness. Patient Educ Couns. 2005;56(2):205–210.
  • Jones A, Smakowski A, O'Connell N, et al. Functional stroke symptoms: a prospective observational case series. J Psychosom Res. 2020;132:109972
  • Simhan S, Thijs V, Mancuso S, et al. The outcome of acute functional neurological disorder: a meta-analysis of stroke-mimic presentations. J Neurol. 2020;267(5):1353–1357.
  • Förster A, Griebe M, Wolf ME, et al. How to identify stroke mimics in patients eligible for intravenous thrombolysis? J Neurol. 2012;259(7):1347–1353.
  • Adams C, Anderson J, Madva E, et al. You've made the diagnosis of functional neurological disorder: now what? Pract Neurol. 2018;18(4):323–330.
  • Nielsen G, Stone J, Matthews A, et al. Physiotherapy for functional motor disorders: a consensus recommendation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86(10):1113–1119.
  • Barnett C, Davis R, Mitchell C, et al. The vicious cycle of functional neurological disorders: a synthesis of healthcare professionals’ views on working with patients with functional neurological disorder. Disabil. Rehabil. 2020;24:1–10.
  • Charmaz K. Constructing grounded theory. 2nd ed. London: SAGE Publications; 2014.
  • Glaser B, Strauss A. The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. New Brunswick: Aldine Transaction; 1967.
  • Levers MJ. Philosophical paradigms, grounded theory, and perspectives on emergence. SAGE Open. 2013;3(4):215824401351724–215824401351726.
  • Charmaz K. Bryant A. Grounded theory. In McGaw B, Baker E, Peterson, P, editors. The international encyclopaedia of education. Oxford: Elsevier; 2010. p. 406–412.
  • QSR International Pty Ltd. NVivo qualitative data analysis software (Version 12); 2018.
  • Tracy SJ. Qualitative quality: eight “big-tent” criteria for excellent qualitative research. Qual Inq. 2010;16(10):837–851.
  • Doyle S. Member checking with older women: a framework for negotiating meaning. Health Care Women Int. 2007;28(10):888–908.
  • Stone J, Carson A, Sharpe M. Functional symptoms and signs in neurology: assessment and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(suppl_1):i2–i12.
  • Stone J, Carson A, Hallett M. Explanation as treatment for functional neurologic disorders. In: Hallet M, Stone, J, Carson A, editors. Functional neurologic disorders. Vol. 139. Handbook of clinical neurology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2016. p. 543–553.
  • Health & Care Professions Council. Standards of conduct, performance and ethics. London: HCPC; 2016.
  • Edwards MJ, Stone J, Nielsen G. Physiotherapists and patients with functional (psychogenic) motor symptoms: a survey of attitudes and interest. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012;83(6):655–658.
  • Yon K, Nettleton S, Walters K, et al. Junior doctors' experiences of managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2015;5(12):e009593.
  • Ahern L, Stone J, Sharpe MC. Attitudes of neuroscience nurses toward patients with conversion symptoms. Psychosomatics. 2009;50(4):336–339.
  • Kanaan R, Armstrong D, Barnes P, et al. In the psychiatrist's chair: how neurologists understand conversion disorder. Brain. 2009;132(Pt 10):2889–2896.
  • Dickson B, Hay-Smith E, Dean S. Demonised diagnosis: the influence of stigma on interdisciplinary rehabilitation of somatoform disorder. New Zeal J Physiother. 2009;37(3):115–122.
  • Rawlings G, Brown I, Reuber M. Deconstructing stigma in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: an exploratory study. Epilepsy Behav. 2017;74:167–172.
  • Robson C, Lian O. “Blaming, shaming, humiliation”: stigmatising medical interactions among people with non-epileptic seizures. Wellcome Open Res. 2017;2:55.
  • Kendall E, Zaman R, Naved R, et al. Medically unexplained illness and the diagnosis of hysterical conversion reaction (HCR) in women’s medicine wards of Bangladeshi hospitals: a record review and qualitative study. BMC Womens Health. 2012;12:38.
  • Rommelfanger K, Factor S, LaRoche S, et al. Disentangling stigma from functional neurological disorders: conference report and roadmap for the future. Front Neurol. 2017;8:106.
  • Link B, Phelan J. Conceptualizing stigma. Annu Rev Sociol. 2001;27(1):363–385.
  • World Health Organization. Mental health: facing the challenges, building solutions. Copenhagen (Denmark): World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2005.
  • Lian O, Robson C. Socially constructed and structurally conditioned conflicts in territories of medical uncertainty. Soc Theory Health. 2019;17(1):23–39.
  • HM Government. No health without mental health: a cross-government mental health outcomes strategy for people of all ages. London: Department of Health; 2011.
  • Department of Health. Improving the physical health of people with mental health problems: actions for mental health nurses. London: NHS England; 2016.
  • The Mental Health Taskforce. The five year forward view for mental health. London: NHS England; 2016.
  • Espay AJ, Goldenhar LM, Voon V, et al. Opinions and clinical practices related to diagnosing and managing patients with psychogenic movement disorders: an international survey of movement disorder society members. Mov Disord. 2009;24(9):1366–1374.
  • Kanaan RA, Armstrong D, Wessely SC. Neurologists' understanding and management of conversion disorder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82(9):961–966.
  • Kanaan R, Armstrong D, Wessely S. Limits to truth-telling: neurologists' communication in conversion disorder. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;77(2):296–301.
  • Northcott S, Simpson A, Moss B, et al. Supporting people with aphasia to 'settle into a new way to be': speech and language therapists' views on providing psychosocial support. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2018;53(1):16–29.
  • Simmons-Mackie N, Damico J. Counseling and aphasia treatment: missed opportunities. Top Lang Disord. 2011;31(4):336–351.
  • Duffy JR. Functional speech disorders: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. In: Hallet M, Stone, J, Carson A, editors. Functional neurologic disorders. Vol. 139. Handbook of clinical neurology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2016. p. 379–388.
  • Lawton M, Sage K, Haddock G, et al. Speech and language therapists' perspectives of therapeutic alliance construction and maintenance in aphasia rehabilitation post-stroke. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2018;53(3):550–563.
  • Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. Fast facts. Bulletin. January 2019. p. 8.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.