Exercise load and physical activity intensity in relation to dystonia and choreoathetosis during powered wheelchair mobility in children and youth with dyskinetic cerebral palsy

References

• Monbaliu E, Himmelmann K, Lin JP, et al. Clinical presentation and management of dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(9):741–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cans C, Dolk H, Platt MJ, et al. Recommendations from the SCPE collaborative group for defining and classifying cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49:35–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanmechelen I, Bekteshi S, Bossier K, et al. Presence and severity of dystonia and choreoathetosis overflow movements in participants with dyskinetic cerebral palsy and their relation with functional classification scales. Disabil Rehabil. 2020;42(11):1548–1555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monbaliu E, De La Pena MG, Ortibus E, et al. Functional outcomes in children and young people with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017;59(6):634–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monbaliu E, de Cock P, Ortibus E, et al. Clinical patterns of dystonia and choreoathetosis in participants with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(2):138–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodby-Bousquet E, Hägglund G. Use of manual and powered wheelchair in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2010;10(1):59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Assembly UG. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; 2007. Available from: https://www.un.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Fehr L, Langbein W, Skaar S. Adequacy of power wheelchair control interfaces for persons with severe disabilities: a clinical survey. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2000;37(3):353–360.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Livingstone R, Paleg G. Practice considerations for the introduction and use of power mobility for children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014;56(3):210–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodby-Bousquet E, Paleg G, Casey J, et al. Physical risk factors influencing wheeled mobility in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16(1):165.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bekteshi S, Konings M, Nica IG, et al. The dyskinesia impairment mobility scale to measure presence and severity of dystonia and choreoathetosis during powered mobility in dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Appl Sci. 2019;9(17):3481.
   Google Scholar
• Gakopoulos S, Nica IG, Bekteshi S, et al. Development of a data logger for capturing human-machine interaction in wheelchair head-foot steering sensor system in dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Sensors (Switzerland). 2019;19(24):5404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekteshi S, Konings M, Nica IG, et al. Dystonia and choreoathetosis presence and severity in relation to powered wheelchair mobility performance in children and youth with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2020;29:118–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyon LK, Hostnik L, McElroy R, et al. Power mobility training methods for children: a systematic review. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2018;30(1):2–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingstone R. A critical review of powered mobility assessment and training for children. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2010;5(6):392–400.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kenyon L, Farris JP, Gallagher C, et al. Power mobility training for young children with multiple, severe impairments: a case series. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2017;37(1):19–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huhn K, Guarrera-Bowlby P, Deutsch JE. The clinical decision-making process of prescribing power mobility for a child with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2007;19(3):254–260.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colver A, Fairhurst C, Pharoah POD. Cerebral palsy. Lancet. 2014;383(9924):1240–1249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasior JS, Zamuner AR, Silva LEV, et al. Heart rate variability in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy – a systematic literature review. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4):1141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israeli-Mendlovic H, Mendlovic J, Katz-Leurer M. Heart rate and heart rate variability parameters at rest, during activity and passive standing among children with cerebral palsy GMFCS IV–V. Dev Neurorehabil. 2014;17(6):398–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nightingale TE, Rouse PC, Thompson D, et al. Measurement of physical activity and energy expenditure in wheelchair users: methods, considerations and future directions. Sports Med Open. 2017;3(1):10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nightingale TE, Walhim J-P, Thompson D, et al. Predicting physical activity energy expenditure in manual wheelchair users. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(9):1849–1858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lankhorst K, Oerbekke M, van Den Berg-Emons R, et al. Instruments measuring physical activity in individuals who use a wheelchair: a systematic review of measurement properties. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(3):535–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorter JW, Noorduyn SG, Obeid J, et al. Accelerometry: a feasible method to quantify physical activity in ambulatory and nonambulatory adolescents with cerebral palsy. Int J Pediatr. 2012;2012:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Clanchy KM, Tweedy SM, Boyd R. Measurement of habitual physical activity performance in adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53(6):499–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhardt J, Münte TF, Schmid SM, et al. A systematic review of body mass gain after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson's disease. Obesity Rev. 2020;21(2):e12955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf ME, Capelle H-H, Lütjens G, et al. Body weight gain in patients with bilateral deep brain stimulation for dystonia. J Neural Transm. 2016;123(3):261–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratley RE, Salbe AD, Ravussin E, et al. Higher sedentary energy expenditure in patients with Huntington's disease. Ann Neurol. 2000;47(1):64–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monbaliu E, Ortibus E, De Cat J, et al. The Dyskinesia Impairment Scale: a new instrument to measure dystonia and choreoathetosis in dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012;54(3):278–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffrey M, Richard T, John Y, et al. A comparison of multiple wearable technology devices heart rate and step count measurements during free motion and treadmill based measurements. Int J Kinesiol Sports Sci. 2019;7(2):30–39.
   Google Scholar
• Stahl SE, An H-S, Dinkel DM, et al. How accurate are the wrist-based heart rate monitors during walking and running activities? Are they accurate enough? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2016;2(1):e000106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gillinov S, Etiwy M, Wang R, et al. Variable accuracy of wearable heart rate monitors during aerobic exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(8):1697–1703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai J, Di C, Xiao L, et al. An Activity Index for raw accelerometry data and its comparison with other activity metrics. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0160644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakdash JZ, Marusich LR. Repeated measures correlation (Report). Front Psychol. 2017;8:456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistics notes: correlation, regression, and repeated data. BMJ. 1994;308(6933):896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devore J. A modern introduction to probability and statistics: understanding why and how. J Am Stat Assoc. 2006;101(473):393–394.
   Google Scholar
• de Vet HCW, Knol DL, Mokkink LB, et al. Measurement in medicine: a practical guide. 5th print. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. 3rd ed. new int. ed. Harlow: Pearson; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Sanger TD, Chen D, Fehlings DL, et al. Definition and classification of hyperkinetic movements in childhood. Mov Disord. 2010;25(11):1538–1549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin LD, Leech NL. Understanding correlation: factors that affect the size of r. J Exp Educ. 2006;74(3):249–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himmelmann K, Hagberg G, Wiklund LM, et al. Dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a population-based study of children born between 1991 and 1998. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49(4):246–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndahimana D, Kim E-K. Measurement methods for physical activity and energy expenditure: a review. Clin Nutr Res. 2017;6(2):68–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verschuren O, Peterson MD, Balemans ACJ, et al. Exercise and physical activity recommendations for people with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(8):798–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maltais BD, Pierrynowski RM, Galea AV, et al. Physical activity level is associated with the O2 cost of walking in cerebral palsy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(3):347–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luke CA, Maki CK, Barkey CN, et al. Simultaneous monitoring of heart rate and motion to assess energy expenditure. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29(1):144–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamunér AR, Cunha AB, Da Silva E, et al. The influence of motor impairment on autonomic heart rate modulation among children with cerebral palsy. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(1):217–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirshner S, Weiss PL, Tirosh E. Differences in autonomic functions as related to induced stress between children with and without cerebral palsy while performing a virtual meal-making task. Res Dev Disabil. 2016;49-50:247–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Eur Heart J. 1996;17(3):354–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Neil ME, Fragala-Pinkham M, Lennon N, et al. Reliability and validity of objective measures of physical activity in youth with cerebral palsy who are ambulatory (Research Report). Phys Therapy. 2016;96(1):37–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar