Prognosis prediction of the effect of botulinum toxin therapy and intensive rehabilitation on the upper arm function in post-stroke patients using hierarchical cluster analysis

References

• Mayer NH. Clinicophysiologic concepts of spasticity and motor dysfunction in adults with an upper motoneuron lesion. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;6:S1–S13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sommerfeld DK, Eek EU, Svensson AK, et al. Spasticity after stroke: its occurrence and association with motor impairments and activity limitations. Stroke. 2004;35(1):134–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins CL, Leathley MJ, Gregson JM, et al. Prevalence of spasticity post stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2002;16(5):515–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schinwelsk M, Sławek J. Prevalence of spasticity following stroke and its impact on quality of life with emphasis on disability in activities of daily living. Systematic review. Neurol Neurochir. 2010;44(4):404–411.
   Google Scholar
• Brin MF. Botulinum toxin: chemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and immunology. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;6:146–168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyd RN, Pliatsios V, Starr R, et al. Biomechanical transformation of the gastroc-soleus muscle with botulinum toxin a in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000;42(1):32–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elia AE, Filippini G, Calandrella D, et al. Botulinum neurotoxin for post-stroke spasticity in adults: a systematic review. Mov Disord. 2009;24(6):801–812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosales RL, Chua-Yap AS. Evidence-based systematic review on the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin-A therapy in post-stroke spasticity. J Neural Transm. 2008;115(4):617–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naumann M, Albanese A, Heinen F, et al. Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type a following long-term use. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13(s4):35–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon MF, Brashear A, Elovic E, et al. Repeated dosing of botulinum toxin type a for upper limb spasticity following stroke. Neurology. 2004;63(10):1971–1973.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson DM, Gracies JM, Graham HK, et al. Assessment: botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of spasticity (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008;70(19):1691–1698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara T, Momosaki R, Niimi M, et al. Botulinum toxin therapy combined with rehabilitation for stroke: a systematic review of effect on motor function. Toxins. 2019;11(12):707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andringa A, van de Port I, van Wegen E, et al. Effectiveness of botulinum toxin treatment for upper limb spasticity poststroke over different ICF domains: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019;100(9):1703–1725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakheit AM, Zakine B, Maisonobe P, et al. The profile of patients and current practice of treatment of upper limb muscle spasticity with botulinum toxin type A: an international survey. Int J Rehabil Res. 2010;33(3):199–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnear BZ, Lannin NA, Cusick A, et al. Rehabilitation therapies after botulinum toxin-A injection to manage limb spasticity: a systematic review. Phys Ther. 2014;94(11):1569–1581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara T, Abo M, Hara H, et al. Effects of botulinum toxin a therapy and multidisciplinary rehabilitation on upper and lower limb spasticity in post-stroke patients. Int J Neurosci. 2017;127(6):469–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodbury ML, Velozo CA, Richards LG, et al. Rasch analysis staging methodology to classify upper extremity movement impairment after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94(8):1527–1533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheean G, Lannin NA, Turner-Stokes L, et al. Botulinum toxin assessment, intervention and after-care for upper limb hypertonicity in adults: international consensus statement. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17:74–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santamato A, Micello MF, Panza F, et al. Can botulinum toxin type a injection technique influence the clinical out-come of patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity? A randomized controlled trial comparing manual needle placement and ultrasound-guided injection techniques. J Neurol Sci. 2014;347(1–2):39–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaelsen SM, Luta A, Roby-Brami A, et al. Effect of trunk restraint on the recovery of reaching movements in hemiparetic patients. Stroke. 2001;32(8):1875–1883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang MY, Harris JE, Eng JJ. A community-based upper-extremity group exercise program improves motor function and performance of functional activities in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(1):1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woytowicz EJ, Rietschel JC, Goodman RN, et al. Determining levels of upper extremity movement impairment by applying a cluster analysis to the Fugl-Meyer assessment of the upper extremity in chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98(3):456–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page SJ, Fulk GD, Boyne P. Clinically important differences for the upper-extremity Fugl-Meyer scale in people with minimal to moderate impairment due to chronic stroke. Phys Ther. 2012;92(6):791–798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundquist CB, Maribo T. The Fugl-Meyer assessment of the upper extremity: reliability, responsiveness and validity of the Danish version. Disabil Rehabil. 2017; 39(9):934–939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YY, Hsieh YW, Wu CY, et al. Proximal Fugl-Meyer assessment scores predict clinically important upper limb improvement after 3 stroke rehabilitative interventions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(12):2137–2144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara T, Abo M, Hara H, et al. The effect of repeated botulinum toxin a therapy combined with intensive rehabilitation on lower limb spasticity in Post-Stroke patients. Toxins. 2018;10(9):349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleuren JF, Voerman GE, Erren-Wolters CV, et al. Stop using the Ashworth Scale for the assessment of spasticity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010;81(1):46–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandyan AD, Price CI, Barnes MP, et al. A biomechanical investigation into the validity of the modified Ashworth Scale as a measure of elbow spasticity. Clin Rehabil. 2003;17(3):290–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo Z, Lo WLA, Bian R, et al. Advanced quantitative estimation methods for spasticity: a literature review. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(3):300060519888425.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bakheit AM, Fedorova NV, Skoromets AA, et al. The beneficial antispasticity effect of botulinum toxin type a is maintained after repeated treatment cycles. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(11):1558–1561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elovic EP, Brashear A, Kaelin D, et al. Repeated treatments with botulinum toxin type a produce sustained decreases in the limitations associated with focal upper-limb poststroke spasticity for caregivers and patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89(5):799–806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar