669
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Clinimetric properties of visuo-perceptual and visuo-cognitive assessment tools used for children with cerebral visual impairment and cerebral palsy or developmental delay: a systematic review

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 6984-6996 | Received 03 Mar 2021, Accepted 29 Sep 2021, Published online: 17 Nov 2021

References

  • Chokron S, Dutton GN. Impact of cerebral visual impairments on motor skills: implications for developmental coordination disorders. Front Psychol. 2016;7:1471.
  • Martin MBC, Santos-Lozano A, Martin-Hernandez J, et al. Cerebral versus ocular visual impairment: the impact on developmental neuroplasticity. Front Psychol. 2016;7:1958.
  • Coetzee D, Pienaar AE. The effect of visual therapy on the ocular motor control of seven- to eight-year-old children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Res Dev Disabil. 2013;34(11):4073–4084.
  • Dutton GN, Bax M, editors. Visual impairment in children due to damage to the brain. London: MacKeith Press; 2010.
  • Ortibus E, Fazzi E, Dale N. Cerebral visual impairment and clinical assessment: the European perspective. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2019;31:15–24.
  • Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, et al. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 2007;109:8–14.
  • Oskoui M, Coutinho F, Dykeman J, et al. An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55(6):509–519.
  • Report of the Australian cerebral palsy register. Birth years 1995-2012, November 2018.
  • Chauhan A, Singh M, Jaiswal N, et al. Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Indian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Pediatr. 2019;86(12):1124–1130.
  • Vasudevan P, Suri M. A clinical approach to developmental delay and intellectual disability. Clin Med. 2017;17(6):558–561.
  • Newacheck PW, Strickland B, Shonkoff JP, et al. An epidemiologic profile of children with special health care needs. Pediatrics. 1998;102(1):117–123.
  • Rydz D, Shevell MI, Majnemer A, et al. Developmental screening. J Child Neurol. 2005;20(1):4–21.
  • Yaghini O, Kelishadi R, Keikha M, et al. Prevalence of developmental delay in apparently normal preschool children in Isfahan, Central Iran. Iran J Child Neurol. 2015;9(3):17–23.
  • Schenk-Rootlieb AJ, van Nieuwenhuizen O, van Waes PF, et al. Cerebral visual impairment in cerebral palsy: relation to structural abnormalities of the cerebrum. Neuropediatrics. 1994;25(2):68–72.
  • Jasper S, Philip SS. Profile of cerebral visual impairment in children with cerebral palsy at a tertiary care referral center in Southern India. J Clin Diag Res. 2018;12:NC01–NC04.
  • Mitry D, Williams C, Northstone K, et al. Perceptual visual dysfunction, physical impairment and quality of life in Bangladeshi children with cerebral palsy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(9):1245–1250.
  • Duke RE, Nwachukuw J, Torty C, et al. Visual impairment and perceptual visual disorders in children with cerebral palsy in Nigeria. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;1–8.
  • Good WV, Jan JE, Burden SK, et al. Recent advances in cortical visual impairment. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001;43(1):56–60.
  • Sakki HEA, Dale NJ, Sargent J, et al. Is there consensus in defining childhood cerebral visual impairment? A systematic review of terminology and definitions. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(4):424–432.
  • Fazzi E, Signorini SG, Piana RLA, et al. Neuro-ophthalmological disorders in cerebral palsy: ophthalmological, oculomotor, and visual aspects. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012;54(8):730–736.
  • Dutton GN, Chokron S, Little S, et al. Posterior parietal visual dysfunction: an exploratory review. Vis Dev Rehabil. 2017;3:10–22.
  • Cavezian C, Vilayphonh M, de Agostini M, et al. Assessment of visuo-attentional abilities in young children with or without visual disorder: toward a systematic screening in the general population. Res Dev Disabil. 2010;31(5):1102–1108.
  • Gronlund MA, Andersson S, Aring E, et al. Ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4–15 years. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2006;84(2):169–176.
  • Ozturk T, Er D, Yaman A, et al. Changing trends over the last decade in the aetiology of childhood blindness: a study from a tertiary referral centre. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(2):166–171.
  • Durnian JM, Cheeseman R, Kumar A, et al. Childhood sight impairment: a 10-year picture. Eye. 2010;24(1):112–117.
  • Bosch DGM, Boonstra NF, Willemsen MAAP, et al. Low vision due to cerebral visual impairment: differentiating between acquired and genetic causes. BMC Ophthalmol. 2014;14:59.
  • Boonstra N, Limburg H, Tijmes N, et al. Changes in causes of low vision between 1988 and 2009 in a Dutch population of children. Acta Ophthalmol. 2012;90(3):277–286.
  • Lagunju IA, Oluleye TS. Ocular abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2007;36(1):71–75.
  • Soul J, Matsuba C. Causes of damage to the visual brain. In: Dutton GN, Bax M, editors. Visual impairment in children due to damage to the brain. London: Mac Keith Press; 2010. p. 20–26.
  • Mithyantha R, Kneen R, McCann E, et al. Current evidence-based recommendations on investigating children with global developmental delay. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(11):1071–1076.
  • Krageloh-Mann I, Horber V. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in elucidating the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49(2):144–151.
  • Krageloh-Mann I. Imaging of early brain injury and cortical plasticity. Exp Neurol. 2004;190(Suppl. 1):S84–S90.
  • Flodmark O, Jacobson L. Pathogenesis and imaging of disorders affecting the visual brain. In: Dutton GN, Bax M, editors. Visual impairment in children due to damage to the brain. London: MacKeith Press; 2010. p. 50–66.
  • Barkovich AJ, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GD, et al. Classification system for malformations of cortical development: update 2001. Neurology. 2001;57(12):2168–2178.
  • Uggetti C, Egitto MG, Fazzi E, et al. Cerebral visual impairment in periventricular leukomalacia: MR correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996;17(5):979–985.
  • Jacobson L, Flodmark O. Visual dysfunction and ocular findings associated with white matter damage of immaturity. In: Dutton GN, Bax M, editors. Visual impairment in children due to damage to the brain. London: MacKeith Press; 2010. p. 27–34.
  • Volpe JJ. Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(11):110–124.
  • Jacobson L, Ek U, Fernell E, et al. Visual impairment in preterm children with periventricular leukomalacia-visual, cognitive and neuropaediatric characteristics related to cerebral imaging. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1996;38(8):724–735.
  • Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet. 2012;379(9832):2162–2172.
  • Blencowe H, Lawn JE, Vazquez T, et al. Preterm-associated visual impairment and estimates of retinopathy of prematurity at regional and global levels for 2010. Pediatr Res. 2013;74(Suppl. 1):35–49.
  • Gu MH, Amanda F, Yuan TM. Brain injury in neonatal hypoglycemia: a hospital-based cohort study. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2019;13:1179556519867953.
  • Wong DS, Poskitt KJ, Chau V, et al. Brain injury patterns in hypoglycemia in neonatal encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34(7):1456–1461.
  • Andersson S, Persson EK, Aring E, et al. Vision in children with hydrocephalus. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48(10):836–841.
  • Houliston MJ, Taguri AH, Dutton GN, et al. Evidence of cognitive visual problems in children with hydrocephalus: a structured clinical history-taking strategy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1999;41(5):298–306.
  • Aruldasan T, Deepashree B. The role of brain magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of children with global developmental delay. Int J Anat Radiol Surg. 2016;5:RO13–RO8.
  • Palve R, Verma P, Chandnani S, et al. MRI evaluation of brain in children with developmental delay. Int J Contemp Med Res. 2016;3:3461–3463.
  • Krinsky-McHale SJ, Silverman W, Gordon J, et al. Vision deficits in adults with Down syndrome. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2014;27(3):247–263.
  • Demarest ST, Olson HE, Moss A, et al. CDKL5 deficiency disorder: relationship between genotype, epilepsy, cortical visual impairment, and development. Epilepsia. 2019;60(8):1733–1742.
  • Gervan P, Gombos F, Kovacs I. Perceptual learning in Williams syndrome: looking beyond averages. PLOS One. 2012;7(7):e40282.
  • Wan YT, Chiang CS, Chen SC, et al. Profiles of visual perceptual functions in Down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil. 2015;37:112–118.
  • Atkinson J, Braddick O. From genes to brain development to phenotypic behavior: "dorsal-stream vulnerability" in relation to spatial cognition, attention, and planning of actions in Williams syndrome (WS) and other developmental disorders. Prog Brain Res. 2011;189:261–283.
  • Jakimiec M, Paprocka J, Smigiel R. CDKL5 deficiency disorder—a complex epileptic encephalopathy. Brain Sci. 2020;10(2):107.
  • Strand-Brodd K, Ewald U, Gronqvist H, et al. Development of smooth pursuit eye movements in very preterm infants: 1. General aspects. Acta Pediatr. 2011;100(7):983–991.
  • Phillips MH, Edelman JA. The dependence of visual scanning performance on search direction and difficulty. Vision Res. 2008;48(21):2184–2192.
  • Ajina S, Kennard C, Rees G, et al. Motion area V5/MT + response to global motion in the absence of V1 resembles early visual cortex. Brain. 2015;138(Pt 1):164–178.
  • Dutton GN. Cognitive vision, its disorders and differential diagnosis in adults and children: knowing where and what things are. Eye. 2003;17(3):289–304.
  • Macintyre-Béon C, Ibrahim H, Hay I, et al. Dorsal stream dysfunction in children. A review and an approach to diagnosis and management. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2010;6(3):166–182.
  • Jacobson L, Flodmark O, Martin L. Visual field defects in prematurely born patients with white matter damage of immaturity: a multiple-case study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2006;84(3):357–362.
  • Raven J. Raven progressive matrices. In: McCallum RS, editor. Handbook of nonverbal assessment. Boston (MA): Springer; 2003.
  • Romine CB, Lee D, Wolfe ME, et al. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test with children: a meta-analytic study of sensitivity and specificity. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2004;19(8):1027–1041.
  • Gardner MF. Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor)-Revised. San Francisco: Psychological and Educational Publications; 1996.
  • Vancleef K, Janssens E, Petre Y, et al. Assessment tool for visual perception deficits in cerebral visual impairment: development and normative data of typically developing children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2020;62(1):111–117.
  • Beery KE, Buktenica NA, Beery NA. The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration: administration, scoring and teaching manual. 6th ed. Minneapolis (MN): Pearson; 2010.
  • Gardner MF. Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor). San Francisco (CA): Psychological & Educational Publications; 1982.
  • Tsai LT, Lin KC, Liao HF, et al. Reliability of two visual-perceptual tests for children with cerebral palsy. Am J Occup Ther. 2009;63(4):473–480.
  • Klein S, Sollereder P, Gierl M. Examining the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills. Occup Ther J Res. 2002;22(1):16–24.
  • Salavati M, Waninge A, Rameckers EA, et al. Development and face validity of a cerebral visual impairment motor questionnaire for children with cerebral palsy. Child Care Health Dev. 2017;43(1):37–47.
  • McConnell EL, Saunder KJ, Little JA. What assessments are currently used to investigate and diagnose cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children? A systematic review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2021;41(2):224–244.
  • Mokkink LB, Boers M, Vleuten C, et al. COSMIN Risk of Bias tool to assess the quality of studies on reliability or measurement error of outcome measurement instruments: a Delphi study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20(1):293.
  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097.
  • Mokkink LB, Prinsen CAC, Alonso J, et al. COSMIN study design checklist for patient-reported outcome measurement instruments; 2018 [cited 2020 Mar 31]. Available from: https://www.cosmin.nl
  • Mokkink L, Prinsen C, Patrick D, et al. COSMIN methodology for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)-user manual; 2018. Available from: http://COSMIN.nl
  • Prinsen CAC, Mokkink LB, Bouter LM, et al. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1147–1157.
  • Mokkink LB, de Vet HCW, Prinsen CAC, et al. COSMIN risk of bias checklist for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1171–1179.
  • Kirshner B, Guyatt G. A methodological framework for assessing health indices. J Chronic Dis. 1985;38(1):27–36.
  • Law M. Outcome measures rating form. Canada: CanChild Centre for Disability Research; 2004.
  • Colarusso RP, Hammill DD. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test. San Rafael (CA): Academic Therapy Pub.; 1972.
  • Colarusso RP, Hammill DD. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-Revised. Novato (CA): Academic Therapy Publications; 1996.
  • Ferziger NB, Nemet P, Brezner A, et al. Visual assessment in children with cerebral palsy: implementation of a functional questionnaire. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53(5):422–428.
  • Newcomb S. The reliability of the CVI Range: a functional vision assessment for children with cortical visual impairment. J Vis Impair Blind. 2010;104(10):637–647.
  • Philip SS, Tsherlinga S, Thomas MM, et al. A validation of an examination protocol for cerebral visual impairment among children in a clinical population in India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(12):NC01–NC04.
  • McCulloch DL, Mackie RT, Dutton GN, et al. A visual skills inventory for children with neurological impairments. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49(10):757–763.
  • Gorrie F, Goodall K, Rush R, et al. Towards population screening for cerebral visual impairment: validity of the five questions and the CVI Questionnaire. PLOS One. 2019;14(3):e0214290.
  • Denver BD, Froude E, Rosenbaum P, et al. Measure of Early Vision Use: initial validation with parents of children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil. 2021;2:1–9.
  • Reid D, Drake S. A comparative study of visual perceptual skills in normal children and children with diplegic cerebral palsy. Can J Occup Ther. 1990;57(3):141–146.
  • Terwee CB, Prinsen CAC, Chiarotto A, et al. COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures: a Delphi study. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1159–1170.
  • Denver BD, Froude E, Rosenbaum P, et al. Measure of Early Vision Use: development of a new assessment tool for children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil. 2021;1–11.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.