Advanced search
Publication Cover
Disability and Rehabilitation Volume 21, 1999 - Issue 5-6
Submit an article Journal homepage
1,808
Views
356
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Disablement following stroke

Nancy E. Mayo, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, R4.29, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
,
Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
,
Sara Ahmed,
,
Gordon, Carron
,
Johanne Higgins,
,
Sara Mcewen,
&
Nancy Salbach
 show all
Pages 258-268 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

  • Verbrugge LM, Lepkowski JM, Imanaka Y. Comorbidity and its impact on disability. Milbank Quarterly 1989; 67: 450-484
  • Mayo NE. Hospitalization and case-fatality rates for stroke in Canada from 1982 through 1991. The Canadian collaborative study group of stroke hospitalizations. Stroke 1996; 27: 1215-1220
  • Mayo NE. Epidemiology and Recovery. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: State of the Art Reviews 1993; 7: 1-25
  • Mayo NE, Korner-Bitensky NA, Becker R. Recovery time of independent function post-stroke. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1991; 70: 5-12
  • World Health Organization. International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps. Geneva: WHO, 1980
  • Patrick DL, Bush JW, Chen MM. Toward an operational definit ion of health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1973; 14: 6-23
  • Patrick DL, Deyo RA. Generic and disease-specific measures in assessing health status and quality of life. [Review.] Medical Care 1989; 27: S217-232
  • Bergner M. Quality of life, health status, and clinical research. Medical Care 1989; 27: S148-156
  • Ebrahim S. Clinical and public health perspectives and applications of health-related quality of life measurement. Social Science and Medicine 1995; 41: 1383-1394.
  • Bowling A. Measuring Disease: A Review of Disease-Specific Quality of Life Measurement Scales. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1995.
  • Guyatt G, Feeny D, Patrick D. Issues in qualityof-life measurement in clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials 1991; 12: 81-90.
  • Verbrugge LM, Reoma JM, Gruber-Baldini AL. Short-term dynamics of disability and well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1994; 35: 97-117.
  • Verbrugge LM, Jette AM. The disablement process. Social Science and Medicine 1994; 38: 1-14.
  • Badley EM. An introduction to the concepts and classifications of the international classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps. Disability and Rehabilitation 1993; 15: 161-178.
  • Whiteneck GG, Charlifue SW, Gerhart KA, Overholser JD, Richardson GN. Quantifying handicap: a new measure of longterm rehabilitation outcomes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1992; 73: 519-526.
  • Shaar K, McCarthy M. Definitions and determinants of handicap peoplewith disabilities. Epidemiological Reviews 1994; 16:228-242.
  • Wade DT, Collen FM, Robb GF, Warlow CP. Physiotherapy intervention late after stroke and mobility British Medical Journal 1992; 304: 609-613.
  • Nagi SZ. An epidemiologyof disability among adults in the United States. Milbank Quarterly 1976; 54: 439-467.
  • Fougeyrollas P, Cloutier R, Bergeron H, et al. Revision of the Quebec Classification: Handicap Creation Process. Quebec: QCICIDH/CS1CIDH, 1997.
  • Badley EM. The genesis of handicap: definition, models of disablement, and role of external factors. Disability and Rehabilitation 1995; 17: 53-62.
  • Fougeyrollas P. Documenting environmental factors for preventing the handicap creation process: Quebec contributions relating to ICIDH and social participation of people with functional differences. Disability and Rehabilitation 1995; 17: 145-153.
  • Wade DT. Measurement in Neurological Rehabilitation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • Bonita R, Beaglehole R. Recovery of motor function after stroke. Stroke 1988; 19: 1497-1500.
  • Jongbloed L. Prediction of function after stroke: a critical review. Stroke 1986; 17: 765-776.
  • Kotila M, Waltimo O, Niemi ML, Laaksonen R, Lempinen M. The profile of recovery from stroke and factors influencing outcome. Stroke 1984; 15: 1039-1044.
  • Thorngren M, Westling B, Norrving B: Outcome after stroke in patients discharged to independent living. Stroke 1990; 21:236-240.
  • Woo J, Kay R, Yuen YK, Nicholls MG. Factors influencing longterm survival and disability among three-month stroke survivors. Neuroepidemiology 1992; 11: 143-150.
  • Garraway WM, Whisnant JP, Drury I. The continuing decline in the incidence of stroke. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 1983; 58: 520-523.
  • Lindmark B. Evaluation of functional capacity after stroke with special emphasis on motor function and activities of daily living. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1988; 21: SI-40.
  • Segal ME, Schall RR. Determining functional/health status and its relation to disability in stroke survivors. Stroke 1994; 25: 2391-2397.
  • Fuhrer MJ, Rintala DH, Hart KA, Clearman R, Young ME. Relationship of life satisfaction to impairment, disability, and handicap among persons with spinal cord injury living in the community. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1992; 73: 552-557.
  • Krause JS, Anson CA. Employment after spinal cord injury: relation to selected participant characteristics. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996; 77: 737-743.
  • Daverat P, Petit H, Kemoun G, Dartigues JF, Barat M. The long term outcome in 149 patients with spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1995; 33: 665-668.
  • Quigley MC. Impact of spinal cord injury on the life roles of women. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1995; 49: 780-786.
  • van Asbeck FW, Raadsen H, van de Loo ML. Social implications for persons 5-10 years after spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1994; 32: 330-335.
  • van Balen HG, Mulder T, Keyser A. Towards a disability-oriented epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Disability and Rehabilitation 1996; 18: 181-190.
  • Leathern J, Heath E, Woolley C. Relatives' perceptions of role change, social support and stress after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 1996; 10: 27-38.
  • Jurkovich G, Mock C, MacKenzie E, et al. The Sickness Impact Profile as a tool to evaluate functional outcome in trauma patients. Journal of Trauma 1995; 39: 625-631.
  • Dawson DR, Chipman M. The disablement experienced by traumatically brain-injured adults living in the community. Brain Injury 1995; 9: 339-353.
  • Brooks N. Psychosocial assessment after traumatic brain injury. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1992; 26: S126131.
  • Annoni JM, Beer S, Kesselring J. Severe traumatic brain injury epidemiology and outcome after 3 years. Disability and Rehabilitation 1992:14:23-26.
  • Ahlsio B, Britton M, Murray V, Theorell T. Disablement and quality of life after stroke. Stroke 1984; 15: 886-890.
  • de Haan R, Aaronson N, Limburg M, Hewer RL, van Crevel H Measuring quality of life in stroke. Stroke 1993; 24: 320-327.
  • de Haan R, Horn J, Limburg M, Van Der Meulen J, Bossuyt P. A comparison of five stroke scales with measures of disability, handicap, and quality of life Stroke 1993; 24: 1178-1181.
  • Lawrence L, Christie D: Quality of life after stroke: a three-year follow-up. Age and Aging 1979; 8: 167-172.
  • Sprangers MA, Aaronson NK. The role of health care providers and significant others in evaluating the quality of life of patients with chronic disease: a review. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1992; 45: 743-760.
  • Kwa VI, Limburg M, de Haan RJ. The role of cognitive impairment in the quality of life after ischaemic stroke. Journal of Neurology 1996; 243: 599-604.
  • King RB. Quality of life after stroke. Stroke 1996; 27: 1467-1472.
  • Elmstahl S, Malmberg B, Annerstedt L. Caregiver's burden of patients 3 years after stroke assessed by a novel caregiver burden scale. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1996; 77: 177-182.
  • Visser MC, Koudstaal PJ, Erdman R A, er al. Measuring quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction or stroke: a feasibility study of four questionnaires in The Netherlands. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1995; 49: 513-517.
  • Widen-Holmqvist L, de Pedro-Cuesta J, Holm M, et al. Stroke rehabilitation in Stockholm. Basis for late intervention in patients living at home. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1993; 25: 173-181.
  • Angeleri F, Angeleri VA, Foschi N, Giaquinto S, Nolfe G. The influence of depression, social activity, and family stress on functional outcome after stroke. Stroke 1993; 24: 1478-1483.
  • Smith DS. Outcome studies in stroke rehabilitation. The South Australian Stroke Study. Stroke 1990; 21 : II56-II58.
  • Niemi ML, Laaksonen R, Kotila M, Waltimo O. Quality of life 4 years after stroke. Stroke 1988; 19: 1101-1107.
  • Statistics Canada. Average length of stay in hospital, by selected diagnostic group, Canada and the provinces, 1992-1993. Available from World Wide Web:, cited 11 May 1995.
  • Haerer AF, Anderson DW, Schoenberg BS. Functional disability associated with major neurologic disorders. Findings from the Copiah County Study. Archives of Neurology 1986; 43: 1000-1003.
  • Fried LP, Ettinger WH, Lind B, Newman AB, Gardin J. Physical disability in older adults : a physiological approach. Cardiovascular Health Study Research Group. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1994; 47: 747-760.
  • Mayo NE, Wood-Dauphinee S, Gayton D, Scott SC. Nonmedical bed-days for stroke patients admitted to acute-care hospitals in Montreal, Canada. Stroke 1997; 28: 543-549.
  • Mayo NE, Hendlisz J, Goldberg MS, Korner-Bitensky N, Becker R, Coopersmith H. Destinations of stroke patients discharged from the Montreal area acute-care hospitals. Stroke 1989; 20: 351-356.
  • Barker WH, Mullooly JP. Stroke in a defined elderly population. 1967-1985 a less lethal and disabling but no less common disease. Stroke 1997; 28: 284-290.
  • Stegmayr B, Asplund K, Wester PO. Trends in incidence, casefatality rate, and severity of stroke in northern Sweden, 1985-1991. Stroke 1994; 25: 1738-1745.
  • Shahar E, McGovern PG, Sprafka JM, et al. Improved survival of stroke patients during the 1980s. The Minnesota Stroke Survey. Stroke 1995; 26: 1-6.
  • Newman GC. Improved survival of stroke patients during the 1980s. Stroke 1995; 26: 1302.
  • Sivenius J, Pyorala K, Heinonen OP, Salonen JT, Riekkinen P. The significance of intensity of rehabilitation of stroke -- a controlled trial. Stroke 1985; 16: 928-931.
  • Smith DS, Golden berg E, Ashburn A, et al. Remedial therapy after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. British Medical Journal Clinical Research Edition 1981; 282: 517-520.
  • Kalra L. The influence of stroke unit rehabilitation on functional recovery from stroke. Stroke 1994; 25: 821-825.
  • Richards CL, Malouin F, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI, Bouchard JP, Brunei D. Task-specific physical therapy for optimization of gait recovery in acute stroke patients. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1993; 74: 612-620.
  • Young JB, Forster A. The Bradford community stroke trial: results at six months. British Medical Journal 1992; 304: 1085-1089.
  • Sunderland A, Tinson DJ, Bradley EL, Fletcher D, Langton Hewer R, Wade DT. Enhanced physical therapy improves recovery of arm function after stroke. A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1992; 55: 530-535.
  • van Bennekom CA, Jelles F, Lankhorst GJ, Bouter LM. Responsiveness of the rehabilitation activities profile and the Barthel index. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1996; 49: 39-44.
  • Heller A, Wade DT, Wood VA, Sunderland A, Hewer RL, Ward E. Arm function after stroke: measurement and recovery over the first three months. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1987; 50: 714-719.
  • Sunderland A, Tinson D, Bradley L, Hewer RL. Arm function after stroke. An evaluation of grip strength as a measure of recovery and a prognostic indicator. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1989; 52: 1267-1272.
  • Olney SJ, Griffin MP, McBride ID. Temporal, kinematic, and kinetic variables related to gait speed in subjects with hemiplegia: a regression approach. Physical Therapy 1994; 74: 872-885.
  • Condie E. A therapeutic approach to physical disability. Physiotherapy Canada 1992; 44: 7-12.
  • Kaplan RM. Quality of life measures. In: Karloy P (ed.) Measurement Strategies in Health Psychology. New York: John Wiley, 1985.
  • Greer S. The psychological dimension in cancer treatment. Social Science and Medicine 1984; 18: 345-349.
  • Patrick DL, Erickson P. Health Status and Health Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  • Desrosiers J, Bravo G, Hebert R, Dutil E. Normative data for grip strength of elderly men and women. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 1995; 49: 637-644.
  • Mathiowetz V, Kashman N, Volland G, Weber K, Dowe M, Rogers S. Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1985; 66: 69-74.
  • Desrosiers J, Bravo G, Hebert R, Dutil E, Mercier L. Validation of the Box and Block Test as a measure of dexterity of elderly people: reliability, validity, and norms studies. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1994; 75: 751-755.
  • Daley K, Mayo N, Wood-Dauphinee S, Danys I, Cabot R. Verification of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM). Physiotherapy Canada 1997; in press.
  • Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI. The Balance Scale: reliability assessment with elderly residents and patients with an acute stroke. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 1995; 27: 27-36.
  • Granger CV, Dewis LS, Peters NC, Sherwood CC, Barren JE. Stroke rehabilitation: analysis of repeated Barthel index measures. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1979; 60: 14-17.
  • McDowell I, Newell C. Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed 'Up and Go': a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1991; 39: 142-148.
  • Oberge T, Karsznia A, Oberge K. Basic gait parameters: reference data for normal subjects, 10-79 years of age. Journal of Rehabilitation Research 1993; 30: 210-223.
  • Guyatt GH, Sullivan MJ, Thompson PJ, et al. The 6-minute walk : a new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1985; 132: 919-923.
  • Wood-Dauphinee S, Williams JI. Reintegration to Normal Living as a proxy to quality of life. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1987; 40: 491-502.
  • Ware JE Jr, Kosinski M, Gandec B. SF-36 Health Survey: Manual and Interpretation Guide. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center, 1993.
  • Ware JE Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. SF-36 Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales: A User's Manual. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center, 1994.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.