References
- Allendorf , T. D. 1999 . “ Local residents' perceptions of protected areas in Nepal: beyond conflicts and economics ” . In PhD Dissertation , The University of Minnesota, St. Paul .
- Belbase , N. 1997 . The Implementation of International Environmental Law in Nepal , Kathmandu : IUCN – The World Conservation Union Nepal Program .
- Belbase , N. 1999 . National Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity: Policy and Legislative Requirements , Kathmandu : IUCN – The World Conservation Union Nepal Program .
- Blower , J. H. 1971 . “ Unpublished report to the Secretary of Forests ” . In Proposed national park in the Khumbu District , Kathmandu : HMG .
- BPP . 1995 . An Assessment of the Representation of the Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Protected Areas System of Nepal , Arnhem : Euroconsult .
- Caughly , G. 1969 . “ Wildlife and recreation in the Trisuli Watershed ” . Kathmandu : HMG . Trisuli Watershed Development Project, Report Number 6
- Chitrakar , A. 1996 . Working with NGOs , Kathmandu : IUCN – The World Conservation Union .
- Davies , K. F. , Gascon , C. and Margules , C. R. 2001 . “ Habitat fragmentation: consequences, management, and future research priorities ” . In Conservation Biology Research Priorities for the 21st Century , Edited by: Soule , M. E. and Orians , G. H. 81 – 98 . Washington, DC : Island Press .
- de Klemm , C. and Shine , C. 1993 . Biological Diversity and the Law: Legal Mechanisms for Conserving Species and Ecosystems , Cambridge : IUCN – The World Conservation Union .
- Dharamdasani , M. 1994 . Nepal: Political Economy of Foreign Aid , Varanasi, , India : Shalimar Publishing House .
- Dinerstein , E. 2003 . Return of the Unicorns , New York : Columbia University Press .
- Dixon , J. A. and Sherman , P. B. 1990 . Economics of Protected Areas: A New Look at Costs and Benefits , Washington, DC : Island Press .
- DNPWC . 1993 . Beginning with buffers for Biodiversity , Kathmandu : HMG Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation .
- Glowka , L. 1994 . A Guide to the Convention on Biological Diversity , Cambridge : IUCN – The World Conservation Union .
- Gregson , J. 2002 . Massacre at the Palace: The Doomed Royal Dynasty of Nepal , New York : Hyperion .
- Hart , J. and Hart , T. 2003 . Rules of engagement for conservation . Conservation in Practice , 4 ( 1 ) : 14 – 22 .
- Heinen , J. T. 1993 . Park-people relations in Kosi-Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal: a socio-economic assessment . Environmental Conservation , 20 ( 1 ) : 25 – 34 .
- Heinen , J. T. 1996 . Human behavior, incentives, and protected area management . Conservation Biology , 10 ( 2 ) : 681 – 684 .
- Heinen , J. T. and Chapagain , D. 2002 . On the expansion of species protection in Nepal: advances and pitfalls of new efforts to implement and comply with CITES . Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy , 5 : 235 – 250 .
- Heinen , J. T. and Kattel , B. 1992a . Parks, people and conservation: a review of management issues in Nepal's protected areas . Population and Environment , 14 : 49 – 84 .
- Heinen , J. T. and Kattel , B. 1992b . A review of conservation legislation in Nepal: past progress and future needs . Environmental Management , 16 ( 6 ) : 723 – 733 .
- Heinen , J. T. and Mehta , J. N. 1999 . Conceptual and legal issues in the designation and management of conservation areas in Nepal . Environmental Conservation , 26 ( 1 ) : 21 – 29 .
- Heinen , J. T. and Mehta , J. N. 2000 . Emerging issues in legal and procedural aspects of buffer zone management with case studies from Nepal . Journal of Environment and Development , 9 ( 1 ) : 45 – 67 .
- Heinen , J. T. and Yonzon , P. B. 1994 . A review of conservation issues and programs in Nepal: from a single-species focus toward biodiversity protection . Mountain Research and Development , 14 ( 1 ) : 61 – 76 .
- HMG . 1973 . National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029. Ministry of Law and Justice, Nepal Gazette, 2029-11 – 28 B.S.
- HMG . 1988a . Master Plan for the Forestry Sector Main Report. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation , Kathmandu : HMG .
- HMG . 1988b . The National Conservation Strategy for the Kingdom of Nepal , Kathmandu : Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation and IUCN .
- HMG . 1989 . National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act Third Amendment. Ministry of Law and Justice . Nepal Gazette , 24 : 1 – 5 .
- HMG . 1990 . The Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal. , Kathmandu : Law Books Management Board . Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs
- HMG . 1993a . Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan: Integrating Environment and Development , Kathmandu : HMG Environmental Protection Council .
- HMG . 1993b . Fourth Amendment to the National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act 2029 Ministry of Law and Justice . Nepal Gazette , 43 ( Supplement )
- HMG . 1997 . First Transboundary Consultative Meeting on Biodiversity Conservation Between Nepal and India , Kathmandu : DNPWC .
- HMG . 1998 . Draft National Biodiversity Action Plan Project , Kathmandu : UNDP .
- HMG . 1999 . Second Transboundary Consultative Meeting on Biodiversity Conservation Between Nepal and India , Kathmandu : Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation .
- HMG . 2001 . State of the Environment: Nepal 2001 , Kathmandu : HMG and UNEP .
- HMG . 2003a . The National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy for Nepal , Kathmandu : UNDP and the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation .
- HMG . 2003b . Draft National Wetlands Policy , Kathmandu : Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation .
- Honadle , G. 1999 . How Context Matters: Linking Environmental Policy to People and Place , West Hartford, CT : Kumarian Press .
- Hunter , M. and Yonzon , P. 1993 . Altitudinal distribution of birds, mammals, people, forests and parks in Nepal . Conservation Biology , 7 ( 2 ) : 420 – 423 .
- IUCN . 1988 . The National Conservation Strategy for Nepal , Kathmandu : DNPWC and IUCN – Nepal .
- IUCN . 1991 . A Legislative and Institutional Framework for Environmental Management in Nepal. , Kathmandu : IUCN – The World Conservation Union . Kathmandu, National Conservation Strategy and Implementation Project
- IUCN . 1994 . Guidelines for Protected Areas Management Categories , Gland, , Switzerland : IUCN Publications .
- Inskipp , C. 1989 . “ Nepal's forest birds: their status and conservation. International Monograph No. 4 ” . Cambridge : Council for Bird Preservation .
- Jepson , P. , Momberg , F. and van Noord , H. 2002 . A review of the efficacy of protected areas in Kalimantan Province, Indonesia . Natural Areas Journal , 22 ( 1 ) : 28 – 42 .
- Joshi , A. R. 2000 . “ A landscape-scale assessment of the Chitwan-Parsa-Valmiki Tiger Conservation Unit. Section 1 ” . In Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation Planning: Chitwan-Annapurna Linkage , Edited by: Sherpa , M. N. and Gurung , C. P. 1 – 63 . Kathmandu : World Wildlife Fund Nepal Program .
- Karamanos , P. 2001 . Voluntary environmental agreements: evolution and definition of a new environmental policy approach . Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 44 ( 1 ) : 67 – 84 .
- Karan , P. P. and Ishii , H. 1996 . Nepal: A Himalayan Kingdom in Transition , Tokyo : The United Nations University .
- Keiter , R. B. 1995 . Preserving Nepal's national parks: law and conservation in the developing world . Ecology Law Quarterly , 22 : 591 – 675 .
- Khadka , N. 1997 . Foreign Aid and Foreign Powers: Major Powers and Nepal , New Delhi : Vikas Publishing House .
- Khati , A. S. 1998 . National Parks of India , Noida : Pelican Creations International .
- Lehmkuhl , J. F. , Upreti , R. K. and Sharma , U. R. 1988 . National parks and local development: grass and people in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal . Environmental Conservation , 15 ( 2 ) : 143 – 148 .
- Maas , C. D. 1999 . “ South Asia: drawn between cooperation and conflict ” . In The Dynamics of South Asia: Regional Cooperation and SAARC , Edited by: Gonsalves , E. and Jetly , N. 21 – 39 . New Delhi : Sage Publications .
- Majapuria , T. C. 1991 . Sacred Animals of India and Nepal , Lashkar : M. Devi .
- Manandhar , A. and Lama , T. L. 2001 . The Terai Arc Landscape , Kathmandu : World Wildlife Fund Nepal Program . Concept Paper
- Margoluis , R. and Salafsky , N. 1998 . Measures of Success: Designing and Monitoring Conservation and Development Programs , Washington, DC : Island Press .
- Mehta , J. N. and Kellert , S. R. 1998 . Local attitudes toward community-based conservation policy and programmes in Nepal: a case study of Makalu-Barun Conservation Area . Environmental Conservation , 25 : 320 – 333 .
- Mishra , H. R. 1984 . “ A delicate balance: tigers, rhinoceros, tourists and park management versus the needs of local people in Royal Chitwan National Park ” . In National Parks, Conservation and Development , Edited by: McNeely , J. and Miller , K. R. 197 – 205 . Washington, DC : Smithsonian Institution Press .
- Nepal , S. K. and Weber , K. E. 1993 . Struggle for Existence: Park-People Conflicts in the Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal , Bangkok : Asian Institute of Technology .
- Newmark , W. D. 1995 . Extinction of mammal populations in western North American national parks . Conservation Biology , 9 ( 3 ) : 512 – 526 .
- Newmark , W. D. 1996 . Insularization of Tanzanian parks and the local extinction of large mammals . Conservation Biology , 10 ( 6 ) : 1549 – 1556 .
- Noss , R. F. 2002 . Context matters: considerations for large-scale conservation . Conservation in Practice , 3 ( 3 ) : 10 – 19 .
- Panday , D. R. and Arya , R. C. 1997 . Liberalization and Development in Nepal , Kathmandu : Nepal South Asia Centre .
- Pant , R. 1998 . Transboundary Cooperation in Biodiversity Conservation in the Eastern Himalayan Ecoregion: A Policy Gap Analysis , Kathmandu : World Wildlife Fund Nepal Program .
- Paudyal , D. P. 1994 . Strategies for Local Development in Nepal: A Re-evaluation of the Decentralization Act of 1982 from the Local Perspective , Kathmandu : Prabesh and Pratik .
- Raeper , W. and Hoftun , M. 1992 . Spring Awakening: An Account of the 1990 Revolution in Nepal , New Delhi : Viking Penguin .
- Sah , J. P. 1997 . Koshi Tappu Wetlands: Nepal's Ramsar Site , Kathmandu : IUCN – The World Conservation Union .
- Sah , J. P. and Heinen , J. T. 2001 . Wetland resource use and conservation attitudes among indigenous and migrant peoples in Ghodaghodi Lake area, Nepal . Environmental Conservation , 28 ( 4 ) : 345 – 356 .
- Sever , A. 1996 . Aspects of Modern Nepalese History , New Delhi : Vikas Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd .
- Sherpa , L. N. 1993 . Guidelines for Buffer Zone Identification , Kathmandu : DNPWC .
- Shrestha , T. N. 1999 . The Implementation of a Decentralization Scheme in Nepal , Kathmandu : Joshi Publication .
- Soule , M. E. and Terborgh , J. 1999 . Continental Conservation: Scientific Foundations of Regional Reserve Networks , Washington, DC : Island Press .
- Steinberg , P. F. 1998 . Defining the global biodiversity mandate: implications for international policy . International Environmental Affairs , 10 ( 2 ) : 113 – 130 .
- Stiller , L. F. 1995 . The Rise of the House of Gorkha , Kathmandu : Human Resources Development Research Center . (revised)
- Stiller , L. F. 1999 . Nepal: Growth of a Nation , Kathmandu : Human Resources Development Research Center .
- Stoll-Kleemann , S. 2001 . Opposition to the designation of protected areas in Germany . Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 44 ( 1 ) : 109 – 128 .
- Studsrod , J. E. and Wegge , P. 1995 . Park-people relationships: the case of damage caused by park animals around the Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal . Environmental Conservation , 22 ( 2 ) : 133 – 142 .
- Subba , B. 2000 . Three Decades of Partnership in Conservation , Kathmandu : World Wildlife Fund Nepal Program .
- Sunderlin , W. and Resosudarmo , I. A.P. 1999 . The effect of population migration on forest cover in Indonesia . The Journal of Environment and Development , 8 ( 2 ) : 152 – 169 .
- Thapa , D. 2003 . A Kingdom under Siege: Nepal's Maoist Insurgency, 1996 to 2003 , Kathmandu : The Printhouse .
- Thapa , N. B. 1990 . A Short History of Nepal , Kathmandu : Ratna Pustak Bhandar .
- UNDP . 1973 . “ National parks and wildlife conservation—Nepal ” . Rome, , Italy Unpublished UNDP/FAO Project Document,
- UNDP . 1980 . “ National parks and wildlife conservation—Nepal ” . Rome, , Italy Project findings. Unpublished UNDP/FAO Project Document
- UNDP . 1998 . Ecoregional Cooperation for Biodiversity Conservation in the Himalayas , New York : Regional Programme and Policy Divisions, Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific .
- UNDP . 2002 . “ Project brief of the Western Terai Landscape Complex ” . Kathmandu : HMG and UNDP .
- Wikramanayake , E. , Dinerstein , E. , Allnut , T. , Loucks , C. and Wettengel , W. 1998 . A Biodiversity Assessment and Gap Analysis of the Himalayas , Washington, DC : World Wildlife Fund .
- Wikramanayake , E. , Dinerstein , E. and Loucks , C. L. 2002 . Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific , Washington, DC : Island Press .
- WWF . 2002 . “ Terai Arc Landscape (TAL). Annual Technical Progress Report ” . Kathmandu : WWF and HMG .
- Yonzon , P. B. 2000 . “ Opportunities in Ecoregion-based conservation in Kanchenjunga Region, Eastern Nepal ” . In Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation Planning: Kanchenjunga Mountain Complex , Edited by: Sherpa , M. N. and Gurung , C. P. 1 – 30 . Kathmandu : WWF – Nepal Program .