An integrated approach of GIS and hybrid intelligence techniques applied for flood risk modeling

References

• Abedi Gheshlaghi, H. 2019. “Using GIS to Develop a Model for Forest Fire Risk Mapping.” Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 47 (7): 1173–1185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abedi Gheshlaghi, H., and B. Feizizadeh. 2017. “An Integrated Approach of Analytical Network Process and Fuzzy Based Spatial Decision Making Systems Applied to Landslide Risk Mapping.” Journal of African Earth Sciences 133: 15–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abedi Gheshlaghi, H., B. Feizizadeh, and T. Blaschke. 2020. “GIS-Based Forest Fire Risk Mapping Using the Analytical Network Process and Fuzzy Logic.” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 63 (3): 481–499. Doi.10.1080/09640568.2019.1594726.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abedi Gheshlaghi, H., and K. Valizadeh Kamran. 2018. “Evaluation and Zoning of Forest Fire Risk Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques and GIS.” Journal of Natural Environment Hazards 7 (15): 49–66.
   Google Scholar
• Aghdam, I.N., B. Pradhan, and M. Panahi. 2017. “Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using a Novel Hybrid Model of Statistical Bivariate Methods (FR and WOE) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) at Southern Zagros Mountains in Iran.” Environmental Earth Science 76: 237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmadlou, M., M. Karimi, S. Alizadeh, A. Shirzadi, D. Parvinnejhad, H. Shahabi, and M. Panahi. 2018. “Flood Susceptibility Assessment Using Integration of Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) and BAT Algorithms (BA).” Geocarto International 34 (11): 1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akgun, A., E. A. Sezer, H. A. Nefeslioglu, C. Gokceoglu, and B. Pradhan. 2012. “An Easy-to-Use MATLAB Program (MamLand) for the Assessment of Landslide Susceptibility Using a Mamdani Fuzzy Algorithm.” Computers & Geosciences 38 (1): 23–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Abadi, A. M. 2018. “Mapping Flood Susceptibility in an Arid Region of Southern Iraq Using Ensemble Machine Learning Classifiers: A Comparative Study.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11: 218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Abadi, A. M., A. A. Al-Temmeme, and M. A. Al-Ghanimy. 2016. “A GIS-Based Combining of Frequency Ratio and Index of Entropy Approaches for Mapping Groundwater Availability Zones at Badra–Al Al-Gharbi–Teeb Areas, Iraq.” Sustainable Water Resources Management 2 (3): 265–283.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Juaidi, A. E. M., A. M. Nassar, and O. E. M. Al-Juaidi. 2018. “Evaluation of Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Logistic Regression and GIS Conditioning Factors.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11: 765.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Zahrani, M. A. 2018. “Assessing the Impacts of Rainfall Intensity and Urbanization on Storm Runoff in an Arid Catchment.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11: 208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arabameri, A., K. Rezaei, A. Cerdà, C. Conoscenti, and Z. Kalantari. 2019. “A Comparison of Statistical Methods and Multi-Criteria Decision Making to Map Flood Hazard Susceptibility in Northern Iran.” The Science of the Total Environment 660: 443–458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araújo, M. B., and M. New. 2007. “Ensemble Forecasting of Species Distributions.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22 (1): 42–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajabaa, S., M. Masoud, and N. Al-Amri. 2014. “Flash Flood Hazard Mapping Based on Quantitative Hydrology, Geomorphology and GIS Techniques (Case Study of Wadi Al Lith, Saudi Arabia).” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 7 (6): 2469–2481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beguería, S. 2006. “Validation and Evaluation of Predictive Models in Hazard Assessment and Risk Management.” Natural Hazards 37 (3): 315–329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beven, K. J. 2011. Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: The Primer. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Bubeck, P., W. J. W. Botzen, and J. C. J. H. Aerts. 2012. “A Review of Risk Perceptions and Other Factors That Influence Flood Mitigation Behavior.” Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis 32 (9): 1481–1495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bui, D. T., P. T. T. Ngo, T. D. Pham, A. Jaafari, N. Q. Minh, P. V. Hoa, and P. Samui. 2019. “A Novel Hybrid Approach Based on a Swarm Intelligence Optimized Extreme Learning Machine for Flash Flood Susceptibility Mapping.” Catena 179: 184–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bui, D., B. Pradhan, I. Revhaug, D. B. Nguyen, H. V. Pham, and Q. N. Bui. 2015. “A Novel Hybrid Evidential Belief Function-Based Fuzzy Logic Model in Spatial Prediction of Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides in the Lang Son City Area (Vietnam).” Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 6 (3): 243–271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bui, D. T., B. Pradhan, H. Nampak, Q.-T. Bui, Q.-A. Tran, and Q.-P. Nguyen. 2016. “Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Approach Based on Neural Fuzzy Inference Model and Metaheuristic Optimization for Flood Susceptibilitgy Modeling in a High-Frequency Tropical Cyclone Area Using GIS.” Journal of Hydrology 540: 317–330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buston, P. M., and J. Elith. 2011. “Determinants of Reproductive Success in Dominant Pairs of Clownfish: A Boosted Regression Tree Analysis.” The Journal of Animal Ecology 80 (3): 528–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, C., P. Xu, Y. Wang, J. Chen, L. Zheng, and C. Niu. 2016. “Flash Flood Hazard Susceptibility Mapping Using Frequency Ratio and Statistical Index Methods in Coalmine Subsidence Areas.” Sustainability 8 (9): 948.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapi, K., V. P. Singh, A. Shirzadi, H. Shahabi, D. T. Bui, B. T. Pham, and K. Khosravi. 2017. “A Novel Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Approach for Flood Susceptibility Assessment.” Environmental Modelling & Software 95: 229–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W., H. Hong, S. Li, H. Shahabi, Y. Wang, X. Wang, and B. B. Ahmad. 2019. “Flood Susceptibility Modelling Using Novel Hybrid Approach of Reduced-Error Pruning Trees with Bagging and Random Subspace Ensembles.” Journal of Hydrology 575: 864–873.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W., W. Li, E. Hou, H. Bai, H. Chai, D. Wang, X. Cui, and Q. Wang. 2015. “Application of Frequency Ratio, Statistical Index, and Index of Entropy Models and Their Comparison in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping for the Baozhong Region of Baoji.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8 (4): 1829–1841.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W., Y. Li, W. Xue, H. Shahabi, S. Li, H. Hong, X. Wang., et al. 2020. “Modeling Flood Susceptibility Using Data-Driven Approaches of Naïve Bayes Tree, Alternating Decision Tree, and Random Forest Methods.” The Science of the Total Environment 701: 134979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, W., X. Xie, J. Peng, H. Shahabi, H. Hong, D.T. Bui, Z. Duan, S. Li, and A.-X. Zhu. 2018. “GIS-Based Landslide Susceptibility Evaluation Using a Novel Hybrid Integration Approach of Bivariate Statistical Based Random Forest Method.” Catena 164: 135–149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y.-R., C.-H. Yeh, and B. Yu. 2011. “Integrated Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the Geographic Information System for Flood Risk Assessment and Flood Plain Management in Taiwan.” Natural Hazards 59 (3): 1261–1276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choubin, B., E. Moradi, M. Golshan, J. Adamowski, F. Sajedi-Hosseini, and A. Mosavi. 2019. “An Ensemble Prediction of Flood Susceptibility Using Multivariate Discriminant Analysis, Classification and Regression Trees, and Support Vector machines.” Science of the Total Environment 651 (Pt 2): 2087–2096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, C.-J., and A. G. Fabbri. 2008. “Predicting Landslides for Risk Analysis: Spatial Models Tested by a Cross-Validation Technique.” Geomorphology 94 (3–4): 438–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constantin, M., M. Bednarik, M. C. Jurchescu, and M. Vlaicu. 2011. “Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using the Bivariate Statistical Analysis and the Index of Entropy in the Sibiciu Basin (Romania).” Environmental Earth Sciences 63 (2): 397–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costache, R. 2019. “Flash-Flood Potential Assessment in the Upper and Middle Sector of Prahova River Catchment (Romania): A Comparative Approach between Four Hybrid Models.” The Science of the Total Environment 659: 1115–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costache, R., H. Hong, and Q. B. Pham. 2020. “Comparative Assessment of the Flash-Flood Potential within Small Mountain Catchments Using Bivariate Statistics and Their Novel Hybrid Integration with Machine Learning Models.” The Science of the Total Environment 711: 134514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRED. 2018. The Human Cost of Natural Disasters. A Global Perspective. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/human-cost-natural-disasters-2015-global-perspective.
   Google Scholar
• Dahri, N., and H. Abida. 2017. “Monte Carlo Simulation-Aided Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Gabes Basin (Southeastern Tunisia).” Environmental Earth Sciences 76: 302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson, C. W., R. J. Abrahart, A. Y. Shamseldin, and R. L. Wilby. 2006. “Flood Estimation at Ungauged Sites Using Artificial Neural Networks.” Journal of Hydrology 319 (1–4): 391–409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Reu, J., J. Bourgeois, M. Bats, A. Zwertvaegher, V. Gelorini, P. De Smedt, W. Chu, et al. 2013. “Application of the Topographic Position Index to Heterogeneous Landscapes.” Geomorphology 186: 39–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du, G., Y. Zhang, J. Iqbal, Z. Yang, and X. Yao. 2017. “Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using an Integrated Model of Information Value Method and Logistic Regression in the Bailongjiang Watershed, Gansu Province, China.” Journal of Mountain Science 14 (2): 249–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eishoeei, E., H. Nazarnejad, and M. Miryaghoubzadeh. 2019. “Temporal Soil Salinity Modeling Using SaltMod Model in the West Side of Urmia Hyper Saline Lake, Iran.” Catena 176: 306–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Alfy, M. 2016. “Assessing the Impact of Arid Area Urbanization on Flash Floods Using GIS, Remote Sensing, and HEC-HMS Rainfall–Runoff Modeling.” Hydrology Research 47 (6): 1142–1160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Magd, S. A. A., R. A. Amer, and A. Embaby. 2020. “Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for the Analysis of Flash Floods: A Case Study of Awlad Toq-Sherq, Southeast Sohag, Egypt.” Journal of African Earth Sciences 162: 103709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feizizadeh, B., and T. Blaschke. 2013. “GIS-Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: Comparing Three Methods for the Urmia Lake Basin, Iran.” Natural Hazards 65 (3): 2105–2128.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feizizadeh, B., and T. Blaschke. 2014. “An Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis Approach for GIS-Based Multicriteria Landslide Susceptibility Mapping.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 28 (3): 610–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feizizadeh, B., T. Blaschke, and H. Nazmfar. 2014. “GIS-Based Ordered Weighted Averaging and Dempster Shafer Methods for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Urmia Lake Basin, Iran.” International Journal of Digital Earth 7 (8): 688–708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feizizadeh, B., and S. Kienberger. 2017. “Spatial Explicit Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis for Multicriteria Based Vulnerability Assessment.” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60 (11): 2013–2035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feizizadeh, B., M. Shadman Roodposhti, P. Jankowski, and T. Blaschke. 2014. “A GIS-Based Extended Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Evaluation for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping.” Computers & Geosciences 73: 208–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, Q., J. Gong, J. Liu, and Y. Li. 2015. “Flood Mapping Based on Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis and Random Forest Classifier: The Case of Yuyao.” Remote Sensing 7 (9): 12539–12562.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghorbanzadeh, O., B. Feizizadeh, and T. Blaschke. 2018. “Multi-Criteria Risk Evaluation by Integrating an Analytical Network Process Approach into GIS-Based Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses.” Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 9 (1): 127–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruber, F.E., J. Baruck, and C. Geitner. 2017. “Algorithms vs. Surveyors: A Comparison of Automated Landform Delineations and Surveyed Topographic Positions from Soil Mapping in an Alpine Environment.” Geoderma 308: 9–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guisan, A., S. B. Weiss, and A. D. Weiss. 1999. “GLM versus CCA Spatial Modeling of Plant Species Distribution.” Plant Ecology 143 (1): 107–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, F. G., J. R. Townshend, and E. T. Engman. 1995. “Status of Remote Sensing Algorithms for Estimation of Land Surface State Parameters.” Remote Sensing of Environment 51 (1): 138–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haq, M., M. Akhtar, S. Muhammad, S. Paras, and J. Rahmatullah. 2012. “Techniques of Remote Sensing and GIS for Flood Monitoring and Damage Assessment: A Case Study of Sindh Province.” The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science 15 (2): 135–141.
   Google Scholar
• Hooke, J. M. 2016. “Geomorphological Impacts of an Extreme Flood in SE Spain.” Geomorphology 263: 19–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, H., W. Chen, C. Xu, A. M. Youssef, B. Pradhan, and D. Tien Bui. 2016. “Rainfall-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Assessment at the Chongren Area (China) Using Frequency Ratio, Certainty Factor, and Index of Entropy.” Geocarto International 32: 1–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, H., M. Panahi, A. Shirzadi, T. Ma, J. Liu, A.-X. Zhu, W. Chen, I. Kougias, and N. Kazakis. 2018. “Flood Susceptibility Assessment in Hengfeng Area Coupling Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System with Genetic Algorithm and Differential Evolution.” The Science of the Total Environment 621: 1124–1141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, H., H. R. Pourghasemi, and Z. S. Pourtaghi. 2016. “Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in Lianhua County (China): A Comparison Between a Random Forest Data Mining Technique and Bivariate and Multivariate Statistical Models.” Geomorphology 259: 105–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, H., B. Pradhan, M. I. Sameen, B. Kalantar, A. Zhu, and W. Chen. 2018. “Improving the Accuracy of Landslide Susceptibility Model Using a Novel Region-Partitioning Approach.” Landslides 15 (4): 753–772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, H., P. Tsangaratos, I. Ilia, J. Liu, A. X. Zhu, and W. Chen. 2018. “Application of Fuzzy Weight of Evidence and Data Mining Techniques in Construction of Flood Susceptibility Map of Poyang County, China.” The Science of the Total Environment 625: 575–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaafari, A., D. M. Gholami, and E. K. Zenner. 2017. “A Bayesian Modeling of Wildfire Probability in the Zagros Mountains.” Ecological Informatics 39: 32–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalayer, F., R. De Risi, F. De Paola, M. Giugni, G. Manfredi, P. Gasparini, M. E. Topa, N. Yonas, K. Yeshitela, and A. Nebebe. 2014. “Probabilistic GIS-Based Method for Delineation of Urban Flooding Risk Hotspots.” Natural Hazards 73: 975–1001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jebur, M. N., B. Pradhan, and M. S. Tehrany. 2014. “Optimization of Landslide Conditioning Factors Using Very High-Resolution Airborne Laser Scanning (LiDAR) Data at Catchment Scale.” Remote Sensing of Environment 152: 150–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanani-Sadat, Y., R. Arabsheibani, F. Karimipour, and M. Nasseri. 2019. “A New Approach to Flood Susceptibility Assessment in Data-Scarce and Ungauged Regions Based on GIS-Based Hybrid Multi Criteria Decision-Making Method.” Journal of Hydrology 572: 17–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandilioti, G., and C. Makropoulos. 2012. “Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment: The Case of Athens.” Natural Hazards 61 (2): 441–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazakis, N., I. Kougias, and T. Patsialis. 2015. “Assessment of Flood Hazard Areas at a Regional Scale Using an Index-Based Approach and Analytical Hierarchy Process: Application in Rhodope-Evros Region, Greece.” The Science of the Total Environment 538: 555–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravi, K., E. Nohani, E. Maroufinia, and H. R. Pourghasemi. 2016a. “A GIS-Based Flood Susceptibility Assessment and Its Mapping in Iran: A Comparison Between Frequency Ratio and Weights-of-Evidence Bivariate Statistical Models with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Technique.” Natural Hazards 83 (2): 947–987.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosravi, K., H. R. Pourghasemi, K. Chapi, and M. Bahri. 2016b. “Flash Flood Susceptibility Analysis and Its Mapping Using Different Bivariate Models in Iran: A Comparison Between Shannon’s Entropy, Statistical Index, and Weighting Factor Models.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 188: 656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kia, M. B., S. Pirasteh, B. Pradhan, A. R. Mahmud, W. N. A. Sulaiman, and A. Moradi. 2012. “An Artificial Neural Network Model for Flood Simulation Using GIS: Johor River Basin.” Environmental Earth Sciences 67 (1): 251–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, D.-E., P. Gourbesville, and S.-Y. Liong. 2019. “Overcoming Data Scarcity in Flood Hazard Assessment Using Remote Sensing and Artificial Neural Network.” Smart Water 4 (1): 2.
   Google Scholar
• Kourgialas, N. N., and G. P. Karatzas. 2011. “Flood Management and a GIS Modelling Method to Assess Flood-Hazard Areas: A Case Study.” Hydrological Sciences Journal 56 (2): 212–225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M.-J., J. Kang, and S. Jeon. 2012. “Application of Frequency Ratio Model and Validation for Predictive Flooded Area Susceptibility Mapping Using GIS.” In 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 895–898. New York: IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6351414
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S., J.-C. Kim, H.-S. Jung, M. J. Lee, and S. Lee. 2017. “Spatial Prediction of Flood Susceptibility Using Random-Forest and Boosted-Tree Models in Seoul Metropolitan City, Korea.” Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 8 (2): 1185–1203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal, S. P., and A. Chakrabarty. 2016. “Flash Flood Risk Assessment for Upper Teesta River Basin: Using the Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) Software.” Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 2 (2): 59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfreda, S., M. Di Leo, and A. Sole. 2011. “Detection of Flood-Prone Areas Using Digital Elevation Models.” Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 16 (10): 781–790.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkuryeva, G., Y. Merkuryev, B. V. Sokolov, S. Potryasaev, V. A. Zelentsov, and A. Lektauers. 2015. “Advanced River Flood Monitoring, Modelling and Forecasting.” Journal of Computational Science 10: 77–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merz, B., A. H. Thieken, and M. Gocht. 2007. “Flood Risk Mapping at the Local Scale: Concepts and Challenges.” In Flood Risk Management in Europe, edited by Selina Begum, Marcel J. F. Stive, and Jim W. Hall, 231–251. Dordrecht: Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-4200-3_13
   Google Scholar
• Mirchi, P., and M. Soltani. 2020. “Estimation of Drug and Tumor Properties Using Novel Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Methods.” Journal of Theoretical Biology 488: 110121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirzaee, S., S. Ghorbani-Dashtaki, and R. Kerry. 2020. “Comparison of a Spatial, Spatial and Hybrid Methods for Predicting Inter-Rill and Rill Soil Sensitivity to Erosion at the Field Scale.” Catena 188: 104439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra, S. K., and V. P. Singh. 2013. Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) Methodology. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science and Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Mojaddadi, H., B. Pradhan, H. Nampak, N. Ahmad, and A. H. bin Ghazali. 2017. “Ensemble Machine-Learning-Based Geospatial Approach for Flood Risk Assessment Using Multi-Sensor Remote-Sensing Data and GIS.” Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 8 (2): 1080–1102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtar, E. S., B. Pradhan, A. H. Ghazali, and H. Z. M. Shafri. 2018. “Assessing Flood Inundation Mapping Through Estimated Discharge Using GIS and HEC-RAS Model.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11: 682.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mon, D.-L., C.-H. Cheng, and J.-C. Lin. 1994. “Evaluating Weapon System Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Based on Entropy Weight.” Fuzzy Sets and Systems 62 (2): 127–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukerji, A., C. Chatterjee, and N. S. Raghuwanshi. 2009. “Flood Forecasting Using ANN, Neuro-Fuzzy, and Neuro-GA Models.” Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 14 (6): 647–652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munk, M., and R. N. Slaybaugh. 2019. “Review of Hybrid Methods for Deep-Penetration Neutron Transport.” Nuclear Science and Engineering 193 (10): 1055–1089.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naghibi, S. A., D. D. Moghaddam, B. Kalantar, B. Pradhan, and O. Kisi. 2017. “A Comparative Assessment of GIS-Based Data Mining Models and a Novel Ensemble Model in Groundwater Well Potential Mapping.” Journal of Hydrology. 548: 471–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nandi, A., A. Mandal, M. Wilson, and D. Smith. 2016. “Flood Hazard Mapping in Jamaica Using Principal Component Analysis and Logistic Regression.” Environmental Earth Sciences 75: 465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5323-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natural Resources Department of East Azerbaijan Provinces. 2018. Annual Report of Natural Hazards. Online Publication in Persian Language. https://frw.ir/02/Fa/default.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Norouzi, G., and M. Taslimi. 2012. “The Impact of Flood Damages on Production of Iran’s Agricultural Sector.” Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 12: 921–926.
   Google Scholar
• Oh, H.-J., Y.-S. Kim, J.-K. Choi, E. Park, and S. Lee. 2011. “GIS Mapping of Regional Probabilistic Groundwater Potential in the Area of Pohang City.” Journal of Hydrology 399 (3–4): 158–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohlmacher, G. C., and J. C. Davis. 2003. “Using Multiple Logistic Regression and GIS Technology to Predict Landslide Hazard in Northeast Kansas.” Engineering Geology 69 (3–4): 331–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papaioannou, G., L. Vasiliades, and A. Loukas. 2015. “Multi-Criteria Analysis Framework for Potential Flood Prone Areas Mapping.” Water Resources Management 29 (2): 399–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, P. C. 1988. “Drainage Basin Morphometry and Floods.” In Flood Geomorphology, edited by V. R. Baker, 51–65. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Pham, B. T., M. Avand, S. Janizadeh, T. V. Phong, N. Al-Ansari, L. S. Ho, S. Das, et al. 2020. “GIS Based Hybrid Computational Approaches for Flash Flood Susceptibility Assessment.” Water 12 (3): 683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pham, B. T., D. T. Bui, I. Prakash, and M. B. Dholakia. 2017. “Hybrid Integration of Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks and Machine Learning Ensembles for Landslide Susceptibility Assessment at Himalayan Area (India) Using GIS.” Catena 149: 52–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pham, B. T., B. Pradhan, D. T. Bui, I. Prakash, and M. B. Dholakia. 2016. “A Comparative Study of Different Machine Learning Methods for Landslide Susceptibility Assessment: A Case Study of Uttarakhand Area (India).” Environmental Modelling & Software 84: 240–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourghasemi, H. R., M. Mohammady, and B. Pradhan. 2012. “Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Index of Entropy and Conditional Probability Models in GIS: Safarood Basin, Iran.” Catena 97: 71–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourghasemi, H. R., H. R. Moradi, and S. M. F. Aghda. 2013. “Landslide Susceptibility Mapping by Binary Logistic Regression, Analytical Hierarchy Process, and Statistical Index Models and Assessment of Their Performances.” Natural Hazards 69 (1): 749–779.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan, B. 2010. “Flood Susceptible Mapping and Risk Area Delineation Using Logistic Regression, GIS and Remote Sensing.” Journal of Spatial Hydrology 9 (2): 1–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pradhan, B., U. Hagemann, M. S. Tehrany, and N. Prechtel. 2014. “An Easy to Use ArcMap Based Texture Analysis Program for Extraction of Flooded Areas from TerraSAR-X Satellite Image.” Computers & Geosciences. 63: 34–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pradhan, B., and A. M. Youssef. 2011. “A 100‐Year Maximum Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Integrated Hydrological and Hydrodynamic Models: Kelantan River Corridor.” Journal of Flood Risk Management 4 (3): 189–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radwan, F., A. A. Alazba, and A. Mossad. 2019. “Flood Risk Assessment and Mapping Using AHP in Arid and Semiarid Regions.” Acta Geophysica 67 (1): 215–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmati, O., and H. R. Pourghasemi. 2017. “Identification of Critical Flood Prone Areas in Data-Scarce and Ungauged Regions: A Comparison of Three Data Mining Models.” Water Resources Management 31 (5): 1473–1487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmati, O., H. R. Pourghasemi, and H. Zeinivand. 2016. “Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Frequency Ratio and Weights-of-Evidence Models in the Golastan Province, Iran.” Geocarto International 31 (1): 42–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmati, O., A. N. Samani, M. Mahdavi, H. R. Pourghasemi, and H. Zeinivand. 2015. “Groundwater Potential Mapping at Kurdistan Region of Iran Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and GIS.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8 (9): 7059–7071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmati, O., N. Tahmasebipour, A. Haghizadeh, H. R. Pourghasemi, and B. Feizizadeh. 2017. “Evaluation of Different Machine Learning Models for Predicting and Mapping the Susceptibility of Gully Erosion.” Geomorphology 298: 118–137.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramesh, V., and S. Anbazhagan. 2015. “Landslide Susceptibility Mapping along Kolli Hills Ghat Road Section (India) Using Frequency Ratio, Relative Effect and Fuzzy Logic Models.” Environmental Earth Sciences 73 (12): 8009–8021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samanta, R. K., G. S. Bhunia, P. K. Shit, and H. R. Pourghasemi. 2018. “Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Geospatial Frequency Ratio Technique: A Case Study of Subarnarekha River Basin, India.” Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 4 (1): 395–408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarhadi, A., S. Soltani, and R. Modarres. 2012. “Probabilistic Flood Inundation Mapping of Ungauged Rivers: Linking GIS Techniques and Frequency Analysis.” Journal of Hydrology 458–459: 68–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafapour Tehrany, M., F. Shabani, M. Neamah Jebur, H. Hong, W. Chen, and X. Xie. 2017. “GIS-Based Spatial Prediction of Flood Prone Areas Using Standalone Frequency Ratio, Logistic Regression, Weight of Evidence and Their Ensemble Techniques.” Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 8 (2): 1538–1561.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafizadeh-Moghadam, H., R. Valavi, H. Shahabi, K. Chapi, and A. Shirzadi. 2018. “Novel Forecasting Approaches Using Combination of Machine Learning and Statistical Models for Flood Susceptibility Mapping.” Journal of Environmental Management 217: 1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahabi, H., A. Shirzadi, K. Ghaderi, E. Omidvar, N. Al-Ansari, J. J. Clague, M. Geertsema, et al. 2020. “Flood Detection and Susceptibility Mapping Using Sentinel-1 Remote Sensing Data and a Machine Learning Approach: Hybrid Intelligence of Bagging Ensemble Based on K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier.” Remote Sensing 12 (2): 266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirani, K., M. Pasandi, and A. Arabameri. 2018. “Landslide Susceptibility Assessment by Dempster–Shafer and Index of Entropy Models, Sarkhoun Basin, Southwestern Iran.” Natural Hazards 93 (3): 1379–1418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirzadi, A., D. T. Bui, B. T. Pham, K. Solaimani, K. Chapi, A. Kavian, H. Shahabi, and I. Revhaug. 2017. “Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using a Novel Hybrid Intelligence Approach.” Environmental Earth Sciences 76: 60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirzadi, A., L. Saro, O. H. Joo, and K. Chapi. 2012. “A GIS-Based Logistic Regression Model in Rock-Fall Susceptibility Mapping along a Mountainous Road: Salavat Abad Case Study, Kurdistan, Iran.” Natural Hazards 64 (2): 1639–1656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siahkamari, S., A. Haghizadeh, H. Zeinivand, N. Tahmasebipour, and O. Rahmati. 2018. “Spatial Prediction of Flood-Susceptible Areas Using Frequency Ratio and Maximum Entropy Models.” Geocarto International 33 (9): 927–941.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinha, R., G. V. Bapalu, L. K. Singh, and B. Rath. 2008. “Flood Risk Analysis in the Kosi River Basin, North Bihar Using Multi-Parametric Approach of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).” Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 36 (4): 335–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Špitalar, M., J. J. Gourley, C. Lutoff, P.-E. Kirstetter, M. Brilly, and N. Carr. 2014. “Analysis of Flash Flood Parameters and Human Impacts in the US from 2006 to 2012.” Journal of Hydrology 519: 863–870.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanidis, S., and D. Stathis. 2013. “Assessment of Flood Hazard Based on Natural and Anthropogenic Factors Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).” Natural Hazards 68 (2): 569–585.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava, O. S., D. M. Denis, S. K. Srivastava, M. Kumar, and N. Kumar. 2014. “Morphometric Analysis of a Semi Urban Watershed, Trans Yamuna, Draining at Allahabad Using Cartosat (DEM) Data and GIS.” International Journal of Engineering Science 3: 71–79.
   Google Scholar
• Tang, Z., S. Yi, C. Wang, and Y. Xiao. 2018. “Incorporating Probabilistic Approach into Local Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Flood Susceptibility Assessment.” Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 32 (3): 701–714.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tehrany, M. S., S. Jones, and F. Shabani. 2019. “Identifying the Essential Flood Conditioning Factors for Flood Prone Area Mapping Using Machine Learning Techniques.” Catena 175: 174–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tehrany, M. S., M.-J. Lee, B. Pradhan, M. N. Jebur, and S. Lee. 2014. “Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Integrated Bivariate and Multivariate Statistical Models.” Environmental Earth Sciences 72 (10): 4001–4015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tehrany, M. S., B. Pradhan, and M. N. Jebur. 2015. “Flood Susceptibility Analysis and Its Verification Using a Novel Ensemble Support Vector Machine and Frequency Ratio Method.” Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 29 (4): 1149–1165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tehrany, M. S., B. Pradhan, and M. N. Jebur. 2014. “Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using a Novel Ensemble Weights-of-Evidence and Support Vector Machine Models in GIS.” Journal of Hydrology 512: 332–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tehrany, M. S., B. Pradhan, and M. N. Jebur. 2013. “Spatial Prediction of Flood Susceptible Areas Using Rule Based Decision Tree (DT) and a Novel Ensemble Bivariate and Multivariate Statistical Models in GIS.” Journal of Hydrology 504: 69–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tehrany, M. S., B. Pradhan, S. Mansor, and N. Ahmad. 2015. “Flood Susceptibility Assessment Using GIS-Based Support Vector Machine Model with Different Kernel Types.” Catena 125: 91–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Termeh, S. V. R., A. Kornejady, H. R. Pourghasemi, and S. Keesstra. 2018. “Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Novel Ensembles of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System and Metaheuristic Algorithms.” The Science of the Total Environment 615: 438–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tien Bui, D., K. Khosravi, H. Shahabi, P. Daggupati, J. F. Adamowski, A. M. Melesse, B. Thai Pham, et al. 2019. “Flood Spatial Modeling in Northern Iran Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Comparison Between Evidential Belief Functions and Its Ensemble with a Multivariate Logistic Regression Model.” Remote Sensing 11 (13): 1589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsakiri, K., A. Marsellos, and S. Kapetanakis. 2018. “Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression for Flood Prediction in Mohawk River, New York.” Water 10 (9): 1158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, C. J. 1977. “Asymptotic Nature of Grass Canopy Spectral Reflectance.” Applied Optics 16 (5): 1151–1156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker, C. J., and P. J. Sellers. 1986. “Satellite Remote Sensing of Primary Production.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 7 (11): 1395–1416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunusluoglu, M. C., C. Gokceoglu, H. A. Nefeslioglu, and H. Sonmez. 2008. “Extraction of Potential Debris Source Areas by Logistic Regression Technique: A Case Study from Barla, Besparmak and Kapi Mountains (NW Taurids, Turkey).” Environmental Geology 54 (1): 9–22.
   Google Scholar
• Umar, Z., B. Pradhan, A. Ahmad, M. N. Jebur, and M. S. Tehrany. 2014. “Earthquake Induced Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using an Integrated Ensemble Frequency Ratio and Logistic Regression Models in West Sumatera Province, Indonesia.” Catena 118: 124–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USDA, SCS. 1986. “Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds.” Technical Release 55: 2–6.
   Google Scholar
• Uvaraj, S., and R. Neelakantan. 2018. “Fuzzy Logic Approach for Landslide Hazard Zonation Mapping Using GIS: A Case Study of Nilgiris.” Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 4 (2): 685–698.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L.-C., H. Behling, T.-Q. Lee, H.-C. Li, C.-A. Huh, L.-J. Shiau, S.-H. Chen, and J.-T. Wu. 2013. “Increased Precipitation During the Little Ice Age in Northern Taiwan Inferred from Diatoms and Geochemistry in a Sediment Core from a Subalpine Lake.” Journal of Paleolimnology 49 (4): 619–631.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., H. Hong, W. Chen, S. Li, D. Pamučar, L. Gigović, S. Drobnjak, D. Tien Bui, and H. Duan. 2019a. “A Hybrid GIS Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method for Flood Susceptibility Mapping at Shangyou, China.” Remote Sensing 11 (1): 62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., H. Hong, W. Chen, S. Li, M. Panahi, K. Khosravi, A. Shirzadi, H. Shahabi, S. Panahi, and R. Costache. 2019b. “Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Dingnan County (China) Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System with Biogeography Based Optimization and Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm.” Journal of Environmental Management 247: 712–729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., C. Lai, X. Chen, B. Yang, S. Zhao, and X. Bai. 2015. “Flood Hazard Risk Assessment Model Based on Random Forest.” Journal of Hydrology 527: 1130–1141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, A. 2001. “Topographic Position and Landforms Analysis.” In Poster Presentation, ESRI User Conference, San Diego, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, Z., Y. Wu, Y. Yang, F. Chen, N. Zhang, Y. Ke, and W. Li. 2017. “A Comparative Study on the Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Logistic Regression and Statistical Index Models.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 10: 187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yalcin, A., S. Reis, A. C. Aydinoglu, and T. Yomralioglu. 2011. “A GIS-Based Comparative Study of Frequency Ratio, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Bivariate Statistics and Logistics Regression Methods for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Trabzon.” Catena 85 (3): 274–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, W., K. Xu, J. Lian, C. Ma, and L. Bin. 2018. “Integrated Flood Vulnerability Assessment Approach Based on TOPSIS and Shannon Entropy Methods.” Ecological Indicators 89: 269–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Z., H. Lan, X. Gao, L. Li, Y. Meng, and Y. Wu. 2015. “Urgent Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in the 2013 Lushan Earthquake-Impacted Area, Sichuan Province, China.” Natural Hazards 75 (3): 2467–2487.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi, C. X., and P. J. Shi. 1994. “Entropy Production and Natural Hazard.” Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science Edition) 30: 276–280.
   Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, I. 2009. “Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Frequency Ratio, Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural Networks and Their Comparison: A Case Study from Kat Landslides (Tokat—Turkey).” Computers & Geosciences 35 (6): 1125–1138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youssef, A. M., B. Pradhan, and S. A. Sefry. 2016. “Flash Flood Susceptibility Assessment in Jeddah City (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) Using Bivariate and Multivariate Statistical Models.” Environmental Earth Sciences 75: 12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yufeng, S., and J. Fengxiang. 2009. “Landslide Stability Analysis Based on Generalized Information Entropy.” In 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, IEEE, 83–85
   Google Scholar
• Zadeh, L. A. 1965. “Fuzzy Sets.” Information and Control 8 (3): 338–353.
   Google Scholar
• Zare, M., A. A. N. Samani, and M. Mohammady. 2016. “The Impact of Land Use Change on Runoff Generation in an Urbanizing Watershed in the North of Iran.” Environmental Earth Sciences 75: 1279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, G., B. Pang, Z. Xu, J. Yue, and T. Tu. 2018. “Mapping Flood Susceptibility in Mountainous Areas on a National Scale in China.” The Science of the Total Environment 615: 1133–1142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar