Between a Rock and a Hard Place? Navigating Domestic and International Expectations on German Foreign Policy

REFERENCES

• Alternative für Deutschland. 2017. Programm für Deutschland. Wahlprogramm für die Wahl zum Deutschen Bundestag am 24.9.2017. Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Amnesty International. 2017. “EU-Türkei-Vereinbarung: Makel im Bewusstsein Europas.” March 17.
   Google Scholar
• Ayrault, Jean-Marc, and Frank-Walter Steinmeier. 2016. A Stong Europe in a World of Uncertainties, June 27.
   Google Scholar
• Brands, Hal. 2016. “Barack Obama and the Dilemmas of American Grand Strategy.” The Washington Quarterly 39 (4): 101–125. doi: 10.1080/0163660X.2016.1261557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brummer, Klaus, and Kai Oppermann. 2016. “Germany’s Foreign Policy after the End of the Cold War: ‘Becoming Normal’?” In Oxford Handbooks Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935307.013.1.
   Google Scholar
• Bulmer, Simon, and William E. Paterson. 2013. “Germany as the EU’s Reluctant Hegemon? Of Economic Strength and Political Constraints.” Journal of European Public Policy 20 (10): 1387–1405. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2013.822824
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulmer, Simon, and William Paterson. 2016. “Deutschlands Rolle bei der Bewältigung der europäischen Währungs- und Migrationskrisen.” In Jahrbuch der europäischen Integration 2016, edited by Werner Weidenfeld and Wolfgang Wessels, 43–54. Baden-Baden: Nomos-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Bundeskanzleramt. 2016. “Kanzlerin führt Gespräche über die EU-Zukunft.” Accessed September 26, 2017. www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/Artikel/2016/08/2016-08-26-reisen-kanzlerin-ueberblick.html.
   Google Scholar
• Crossley-Frolick, Katy A. 2016. “Revisiting and Reimagining the Notion of Responsibility in German Foreign Policy.” International Studies Perspectives. Online first. doi:10.1093/isp/ekv025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Die Linke. 2017. Sozial. Gerecht. Frieden. Für alle. Die Zukunft für die wir kämpfen. Bundestagswahlprogramm 2017. Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Foreign Office, ed. 2014. Review 2014 – A Fresh Look at German Foreign Policy. Berlin: Federal Foreign Office.
   Google Scholar
• Federal Government. 2016. White Paper on German Security Policy and the Future of the Bundeswehr. Berlin: Federal Ministry of Defence.
   Google Scholar
• Fix, Liana. 2016. Has Germany Led the West’s Response toward Russia and Will it Stay the Course? Washington, DC: American Institute for Contemporary German Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Forsberg, Tuomas. 2016. “From Ostpolitik to ‘Frostpolitik’? Merkel, Putin and German Foreign Policy towards Russia.” International Affairs 92 (1): 21–42. doi: 10.1111/1468-2346.12505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galpin, Charlotte. 2016. “Boris Johnson is Damaging Germany’s Goodwill towards the UK.” LSE Brexit Blog, October 13.
   Google Scholar
• Gauck, Joachim. 2013. “Speech to Mark the Day of German Unity.” October 3. http://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/EN/JoachimGauck/Reden/2013/131003-Day-of-German-Unity.html.
   Google Scholar
• Gauck, Joachim. 2014. “Speech to Open 50th Munich Security Conference.” January 31. http://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/EN/JoachimGauck/Reden/2014/140131-Munich-Security-Conference.html.
   Google Scholar
• GfK. 2016. “Nation Brands Index.” Accessed September 18, 2017. http://nation-brands.gfk.com.
   Google Scholar
• Giddens, Anthony. 2014. Turbulent and Mighty Continent. What Future for Europe? Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Giegerich, Bastian, and Maximilian Terhalle. 2016. “The Munich Consensus and the Purpose of German Power.” Survival 58 (2): 155–166. doi: 10.1080/00396338.2016.1161909
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GIZ. 2015. Deutschland in den Augen der Welt. Zentrale Ergebnisse der zweiten GIZ-Erhebung 2015. Bonn.
   Google Scholar
• Glatz, Rainer L., and Martin Zapfe. 2017. “Ambitious Framework Nation: Germany in NATO.” SWP Comments 35, September 2017. Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, Charles. 2014. What is Wrong with German Foreign Policy? Centre for European Reform, May 6.
   Google Scholar
• Hellmann, Gunther. 2016. “Germany’s World: Power and Followership in a Crisis-ridden Europe.” Global Affairs 2 (1): 3–20. doi: 10.1080/23340460.2016.1148829
   Google Scholar
• Hellmann, Gunther, Christian Weber, Frank Sauer, and Sonja Schirmbeck. 2007. “‘Selbstbewusst’ und ‘stolz’. Das außenpolitische Vokabular der Berliner Republik als Fährte einer Neuorientierung.” Politische Vierteljahresschrift 48 (4): 650–679. doi: 10.1007/s11615-007-0126-2
   Google Scholar
• Höpner, Martin. 2015. “Europa neu begründen: Weder Austerität noch Abwertung?” Wirtschaftsdienst 95 (4): 239–242.
   Google Scholar
• Hyde-Price, Adrian G.V. 2015 “The ‘Sleep-Walking Giant’ Awakes: Resetting German Foreign and Security Policy.” European Security 24 (4): 600–616. doi: 10.1080/09662839.2015.1065484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Infratest Dimap. 2015. Deutliche Mehrheit mit Flüchtlingspolitik der Bundesregierung unzufrieden, October 17–20.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, Eric. 2010. “Merkel’s Folly.” Survival 52 (3): 21–38. doi: 10.1080/00396338.2010.494873
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Körber-Stiftung, ed. 2014. Einmischen oder zurückhalten? Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Umfrage von TNS Infratest Politikforschung zur Sicht der Deutschen auf die Außenpolitik. Hamburg: Körber-Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Körber-Stiftung, ed. 2015. Einmischen oder zurückhalten? Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Umfrage von TNS Infratest Politikforschung zur Sicht der Deutschen auf die Außenpolitik, Aktualisierung 2015. Hamburg: Körber-Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Kundnani, Hans. 2015. “Leaving the West Behind. Germany Looks East.” Foreign Affairs 94 (1): 108–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthijs, Matthias. 2016. “The Three Faces of German Leadership.” Survival 58 (2): 135–154. doi: 10.1080/00396338.2016.1161908
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthijs, Matthias, and Mark Blyth. 2011. “Why Only Germany Can Fix the Euro.” Foreign Affairs, November 17.
   Google Scholar
• Merkel, Angela. 2014. Regierungserklärung. Berlin: Deutscher Bundestag, March 13.
   Google Scholar
• Miskimmon, Alister, and Isabelle Hertner. 2015. “Germany’s Strategic Narrative of the Eurozone Crisis.” German Politics and Society 33 (1–2): 42–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NATO. 2016. NATO Response Force/Very High Readiness Joint Task Force. Brussels: Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Oppermann, Kai. 2012. “National Role Conceptions, Domestic Constraints and the New ‘Normalcy’ in German Foreign Policy: The Eurozone Crisis, Libya and Beyond.” German Politics 21 (4): 502–519. doi: 10.1080/09644008.2012.748268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppermann, Kai. 2016. “Das gespaltene Königreich. Die politischen Hintergründe und Ursachen des ‘Brexit’-Referendums.” Politische Vierteljahresschrift 57 (4): 516–533. doi: 10.5771/0032-3470-2016-4-516
   Google Scholar
• Oppermann, Kai, and Alexander Spencer. 2016. “Telling Stories of Failure: Narrative Constructions of Foreign Policy Fiascos.” Journal of European Public Policy 23 (5): 685–701. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2015.1127272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson, William E. 2011. “The Reluctant Hegemon? Germany Moves Centre Stage in the European Union.” Journal of Common Market Studies 49 (Annual Review): 57–75. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2011.02184.x
   Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. 2017. U.S. Image Suffers as Publics Around World Question Trump’s Leadership, June 26.
   Google Scholar
• Pond, Elizabeth. 2015. “Germany’s Real Role in the Ukraine Crisis. Caught between East and West.” Foreign Affairs 94 (2): 173–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, Robert D. 1988. “Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games.” International Organization 42 (3): 427–460. doi: 10.1017/S0020818300027697
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeller, Magnus G. 2017. “Providing Political Leadership? Three Case Studies on Germany’s Ambiguous Role in the Eurozone Crisis.” Journal of European Public Policy 24 (1): 1–20. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2016.1146325
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinmeier, Frank-Walter. 2014a. “Crisis, Order, Europe: On Germany’s Foreign Policy Priorities and Responsibilities.” In Review 2014 – A Fresh Look at Foreign Policy, edited by the Federal Foreign Office, 5–13. Berlin: Federal Foreign Office.
   Google Scholar
• Steinmeier, Frank-Walter. 2014b. “Rede anlässlich der 50. Münchner Sicherheitskonferenz.” February 1. http://www.tallinn.diplo.de/contentblob/4121464/Daten/3891113/DLDMunchnerSiKonf14RedeBMSteinmeier.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Steinmeier, Frank-Walter. 2015. “Speech by Federal Foreign Minister at the 51st Munich Security Conference.” February 8. https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/Newsroom/150208-muesiko/269034.
   Google Scholar
• Steinmeier, Frank-Walter. 2016. “Germany’s New Global Role. Berlin Steps Up.” Foreign Affairs 95 (4): 106–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SWP/GMF. 2013. New Power. New Responsibility. Elements of a German Foreign and Security Policy for a Changing World. Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik.
   Google Scholar
• Von der Leyen, Ursula. 2014. “Speech by the Federal Minister of Defense at the 50th Munich Security Conference.” January 31. https://www.securityconference.de/fileadmin/MSC_/2014/Reden/2014-01-31-Speech-MinDef_von_der_Leyen-MuSeCo.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Whitman, Richard G. 2016. “Brexit or Bremain: What Future for the UK’s European Diplomatic Strategy?” International Affairs 92 (3): 509–529. doi: 10.1111/1468-2346.12607
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZDF. 2014. Politbarometer, November 28.
   Google Scholar