Scale Modeling on Natural Smoke Filling in an Atrium

REFERENCES

• Chow , W. K. 1997 . Simulation of Fire Environment for Linear Atria in Hong Kong . ASCE Journal of Architectural Engineering , vol. 3 ( 2 ) : 80 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Hansell , G. O. , Morgan , H. P. and Marshall , N. R. 1993 . Smoke Flow Experiments in a Model Atrium , U.K. : Building Research Establishment . BRE Occasional Paper OP 55, Fire Research Station
   Google Scholar
• 1990 . Building Code of Australia , Australia : Australian Uniform Building Regulations Co-Ordinating Council .
   Google Scholar
• National Fire Protection Association 92B . 1998 . Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria and Large Area Quincy, Mass. , , USA
   Google Scholar
• 1999 . AS4391–1999, Smoke Management Systems—Hot Smoke Test, Standard Australia, 1 , Homebush, NSW , , Australia : The Crescent .
   Google Scholar
• Klote , J. and Milke , J. 1992 . Design of Smoke Management Systems ASHRAE Publication 90022
   Google Scholar
• Yamana , T. and Tanaka , T. 1985 . Smoke Control in Large Spaces—Part 2 . Fire Science and Technology , vol. 5 ( 2 ) : 41 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Dillon , M. E. 1994 . Case Study of Smoke Control System Testing for a Large Enclosed Stadium . ASHRAE Transactions: Symposia , vol. 100 ( 2 ) : 878 – 892 .
   Google Scholar
• Proc. One-Day Seminar on Hot Smoke Test, March 12, 1999, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers: Building Services Division, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineering, Hong Kong Branch, The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineering, Hong Kong, 1999
   Google Scholar
• Chow , W. K. Atrium Smoke Exhaust and Technical Issues on Hot Smoke Tests . ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference . July 17–22 2005 , San Francisco, Calif. , USA. pp. 4 Paper HT2005–72412
   Google Scholar
• Davis , W. D. and Notarianni , K. A. 1996 . NASA Fire Detector Study, NISTIR 5798 , USA : Building and Fire Research Laboratory, NIST .
   Google Scholar
• Notarianni , K. A. , Davis , W. D. , Lowe , D. , Laramee , S. and Gott , J. E. Analysis of High Bay Hangar Facilities for Detector Sensitivity and Placement . Proc. Interflam 1996 . March 26–28 1996 , Cambridge , UK. pp. 487 – 496 .
   Google Scholar
• Lougheed , G. D. , Hadjisophocleous , G. V. , McCartney , C. and Taber , B. C. 1999 . Large-Scale Physical Model Studies for an Atrium Smoke Exhaust System . ASHRAE Transactions , vol. 105 : 676 – 698 .
   Google Scholar
• Lougheed , G. D. and Hadjisophocleous , G. V. 2001 . The Smoke Hazard from a Fire in High Spaces . ASHRAE Transactions , vol. 107 : 720 – 739 .
   Google Scholar
• Hadjisophocleous , G. V. , Fu , Z. and Lougheed , G. D. 2002 . Experimental Study and Zone Modeling of Smoke Movement in a Model Atrium / Discussion . ASHRAE Transactions , vol. 108 : 865 – 871 .
   Google Scholar
• Chow , W. K. , Cui , E. , Li , Y. Z. , Huo , R. and Zhou , J. J. 2000 . Experimental Studies on Natural Smoke Filling in Atrium . Journal of Fire Science , vol. 18 ( 2 ) : 84 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow , W. K. , Cui , E. , Li , Y. Z. and Huo , R. 2001 . Natural Smoke Filling in Atrium with Liquid Pool Fires up to 1.6 MW . Building and Environment , vol. 36 ( 1 ) : 121 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mok , W. K. and Chow , W. K. 2004 . ‘Verification and Validation’ in Modeling Fire by Computational Fluid Dynamics . International Journal on Architectural Science , vol. 5 ( 3 ) : 58 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Chow , W. K. , Fong , N. K. , Cui , E. , Ho , P. L. , Wong , L. T. , Huo , R. , Fan , W. C. , Li , Y. Z. and Yuan , L. M. 1999 . PolyU/USTC Atrium: A Full-Scale Burning Facility—Preliminary Experiments . Journal of Applied Fire Science , vol. 8 ( 3 ) : 229 – 241 .
   Google Scholar
• Cui , E. 2000 . Studies on Smoke Filling and Smoke Control Systems in Atria , Ph.D. Thesis Hong Kong : Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University .
   Google Scholar
• Li , Y. Z. 2001 . Smoke Flow and Control in Large Space Atrium Buildings , Ph.D. Thesis Hefei, Anhui , , China : University of Science and Technology of China .
   Google Scholar
• Byram , G. M. 1966 . Scaling Laws for Modeling Mass Fires . Pyrodynamics , vol. 4 : 271 – 284 .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , L. Y. , Harkleroad , M. , Quintiere , J. and Rinkinen , W. 1982 . An Experimental Study of Upper Hot Layer Stratification in Full-Scale Multi-Room Fire Scenarios . Journal of Heat Transfer , vol. 104 : 741 – 749 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintiere , J. G. 1989 . Scaling Applications in Fire Research . Fire Safety Journal , vol. 15 : 3 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon , M. 1993 . Scale Modelling of Multistorey Atria Fire Scenarios for Determining Effectiveness of Mechanical Smoke Control Systems . CLIMA 2000 Conference . November 1993 , London .
   Google Scholar
• Chow , W. K. and Lo , C. W. 1995 . Scale Modeling Studies on Atrium Smoke Movement and the Smoke Filling Process . Journal of Fire Protection Engineering , vol. 7 ( 2 ) : 55 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Tsujimoto , M. Experimental Study on Smoke Movement with Scale-Model . Thirteenth Meeting of the UJNR Panel on Fire Research and Safety . March 13–20 . vol. 1 , pp. 259 – 263 .
   Google Scholar
• Chow , W. K. , Gao , Y. , Zou , G. W. and Dong , H. Performance Evaluation of Sidewall Long-Throw Sprinklers at Height . 9th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference . June 5–8 2006 , San Francisco, California , USA.
   Google Scholar
• Davis , W. D. , Notarianni , K. A. and Tapper , P. Z. 1998 . An Algorithm for Calculating the Plume Centerline Temperature and Ceiling Jet Temperature in the Pressure of a Hot Upper Layer Gaithersburg, Maryland , , USA National Institute of Standards and Technology 6178
   Google Scholar
• Huo , R. , Fan , W. C. , Chow , W. K. , Fong , N. K. and Ho , P. L. Studies of Smoke Filling Process in an Atrium . 1998 Shanghai International Symposium on Fire Protection of High-rise Building . Shanghai , China.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka , T. and Yamana , T. 1985 . Smoke Control in Large Scale Spaces, Part 1: Fire Science & Technology vol. 5 , 31 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Steemers , K. , Chenvidyakarn , T. and Woods , A. Visualising Ventilation: Salt Water Modeling from Research to Practice . Proc. Design with the Environment, Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA) Conference . Toulouse , France. vol. 2 , pp. 743 – 749 .
   Google Scholar
• Linden , P. F. , Lane-Serff , G. F. and Smeed , D. A. 1990 . Emptying Filling Boxes: The Fluid Mechanics of Natural Ventilation . Journal of Fluid Mechanics , vol. 212 : 309 – 335 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar