References
- Agamben, G., 1998. Homo sacer : sovereign power and bare life. California: Stanford University Press.
- Alhojailan, M.I., 2012. Thematic analysis: A critical review of its process and evaluation. West East journal of social sciences, 1 (1), 39–47.
- Allison, E. and Taylor, D., 2019. Home Office abandons six-month target for asylum claim decisions. The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/may/07/home-office-abandons-six-month-target-for-asylum-claim-decisions [Accessed 19 Nov 2019].
- Alston, P., 2018. Report of the special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, United Nations, general assembly 45th session A/HRC/41/39/Add.1.
- Aspden, J., 2008. Evaluation of the Solihull Pilot. United Kingdom Border Agency and the Legal Services Commission. Available from: https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4c62615e2.pdf
- BBC News, 2013. Eleven immigrants left UK after seeing “go home” van adverts. BBC News. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-24755547 [Accessed 20 Nov 2019].
- Bevan, M.T., 2014. A method of phenomenological interviewing. Qualitative health research, 24 (1), 136–144. doi:10.1177/1049732313519710
- Booth, R., 2019. Amber Rudd to lodge complaint over UN’s austerity report. The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/22/amber-rudd-to-lodge-complaint-over-un-austerity-report [Accessed 19 Nov 2019].
- Bowcott, O., 2018. Legal aid: how has it changed in 70 years? The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/law/2018/dec/26/legal-aid-how-has-it-changed-in-70-years [Accessed 17 Nov 2019].
- Brown, W., 2017. Undoing the demos: neoliberalism`s stealth revolution. New York: Zone Books.
- Burridge, A. and Gill, N., 2016. Conveyor-belt justice: precarity, access to justice, and uneven geographies of legal aid in UK asylum appeals. Antipode, 49 (1), 23–42. doi:10.1111/anti.12258
- Byrom, N., 2017. Cuts to civil legal aid and the identity crisis in lawyering: lessons from the experience of England and Wales. In: A. Flynn and J. Hodgson, eds. Access to justice and legal aid comparative perspectives on unmet legal need. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 221–239.
- Camber, R. 2019. Shamima Begum is on legal aid despite being stripped of UK citizenship: Fury as jihadi bride’s legal fees are paid by taxpayers. Daily Mail 14th April 2019. [accessed 1st august 2020] Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6921827/Shamima-Begum-legal-aid-despite-stripped-UK-citizenship.html
- Crawley, H. and Hagen-Zanter, J., 2018. Deciding where to go: policies, people and perceptions shaping destination preferences. International migration, 57 (1), 20–35.
- Devine, D., 2018. The UK referendum on membership of the European Union as a trigger event for hate crimes. SSRN electronic journal. Available from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3118190 [Accessed 19 Nov 2019].
- Doughty, S., 2010. Kenneth Clarke calls a halt to the legal aid gravy train. Mail Online. Available from: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1330028/Kenneth-Clarke-calls-halt-legal-aid-gravy-train.html [Accessed 17 Nov 2019].
- Emanuel, J., 2019. Balancing the advice needs of bristol. Bristol Law Centre and University of Bristol. Available from: https://www.bristollawcentre.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Balancing-the-Advice-Needs-of-Bristol-FINAL.pdf [Accessed 21 Nov 2019].
- Evans, C. and Lewis, J., 2018. Analysing semi-structured interviews using thematic analysis: exploring voluntary civic participation among adults. London: SAGE Publications Limited.
- Fineman, M., 2011. Transcending the boundaries of law : generations of feminism and legal theory. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Flynn, A. and Hodgson, J., 2017. Access to justice and legal aid : comparative perspectives on unmet legal need. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
- Gibb, F., 2010. Legal aid cuts: lawyers are in shock, or resigned. The times.co.uk. Available from: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/legal-aid-cuts-lawyers-are-in-shock-or-resigned-m0swm3c3k0d [Accessed 17 Nov 2019].
- Gibbs, J., ed., 2010. Justice at risk: quality and value for money in asylum legal aid: interim report. London: ICAR, City University. Available from: https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4c62484d2.pdf [Accessed 20 Nov 2019].
- Grayling, C., 2014. Chris Grayling: we must stop the legal aid abusers tarnishing Britain’s justice system. Telegraph.co.uk. Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/10777503/Chris-Grayling-We-must-stop-the-legal-aid-abusers-tarnishing-Britains-justice-system.html [Accessed 18 Nov 2019].
- Grierson, J., et al. 2018. Sajid Javid disowns “hostile environment” phrase in first outing as home secretary – as it happened. The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2018/apr/30/theresa-may-new-home-secretary-amber-rudd-quits-politics-live [Accessed 20 Nov 2019].
- Harvey, D., 2007a. A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Harvey, D., 2007b. Neoliberalism as creative destruction. The annals of the American academy of political and social science, 610 (1), 21–44. doi:10.1177/0002716206296780
- Hegel, G.W.F., 1977. Independence and dependence of self-consciousness: lordship and bondage. In: Phenomenology of spirit. (pp. 111–119) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Home Office, 2019. How many people are detained or returned? GOV.UK. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/immigration-statistics-year-ending-march-2019/how-many-people-are-detained-or-returned [Accessed 20 Nov 2019].
- Honneth, A., 1996. The struggle for recognition: the moral grammar of social conflicts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- House of Commons, 2013. House of Commons Hansard debates for 22 Oct 2013 (pt 0001). UK Parliament. Available from: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmhansrd/cm131022/debtext/131022-0001.htm [Accessed 18 Nov 2019].
- House of Commons & House of Lords Joint Committee on Human Rights, 2018. Enforcing human rights tenth report of session 2017–19. UK Parliament. Available from: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201719/jtselect/jtrights/669/669.pdf [Accessed 17 Nov 2019].
- House of Commons Home Affairs Committee, 2018. Immigration policy: basis for building consensus. HC 500 of session 2017–19. Available from: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmhaff/500/50002.htm [Accessed 18 Nov 2019].
- House of Commons Justice Committee, 2015. Impact of changes to civil legal aid under part 1 of the legal aid, sentencing and punishment of offenders act 2012 eighth report of session 2014–15. House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited. Available from: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmjust/311/311.pdf [Accessed 21 Nov 2019].
- Hynes, J. and Tomlinson, J., 2020. Research interviews reveal crippling impact on new legal aid rules. Free Movement, 1 July. Available from: https://www.freemovement.org.uk/research-interviews-reveal-crippling-impact-of-new-legal-aid-rules/ [Accessed 1 July 2020].
- Immigration Law Practitioners Association, 2020. Statement on the new Immigration and asylum legal aid fixed fee. 18 May. Available from: https://ilpa.org.uk/ilpa-statement-re-new-legal-aid-immigration-and-asylum-fixed-fee/ [Accessed 1 July 2020].
- Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration, 2018. Inspection report published: right to rent. GOV.UK. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/inspection-report-published-right-to-rent [Accessed 17 Nov 2019].
- Kirkup, J. 2012. Theresa May interview: “we’re going to give illegal migrants a really hostile reception”. Telegraph.co.uk. Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/9291483/Theresa-May-interview-Were-going-to-give-illegal-migrants-a-really-hostile-reception.html [Accessed 21 Nov 2019].
- Kirwan, S., 2017. The end of ‘tea and sympathy’? The changing role of voluntary advice services in enabling ‘access to justice. In Flynn, A and Hodgson, J (eds.): Access to justice & legal aid: comparative perspective on unmet legal need. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 179–194.
- Lagrue, M. and Dorling, K., 2018. Rights without remedies: legal aid and access to justice for children. Colchester: Coram Children’s Legal Centre. Available from: https://www.childrenslegalcentre.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Rights-without-remedies_Final.pdf [Accessed 18 Nov 2019].
- Law Centres Network, 2018. Joint committee on human rights inquiry: ‘human rights: attitudes to enforcement’ written evidence submitted by the law centres network. Available from: https://www.lawcentres.org.uk/asset/download/662
- Marshall, T.H., 1950. Citizenship and social class. London: Pluto.
- May, T., 2013. It’s MY job to deport foreigners who commit serious crime - and I’ll fight any judge who stands in my way, says home secretary. Mail Online. Available from: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-2279828/Its-MY-job-deport-foreigners-commit-crime–Ill-fight-judge-stands-way-says-Home-Secretary.html [Accessed 20 Nov 2019].
- May, T. 2013. HC debates 22nd Oct col. 156. Available from: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmhansrd/cm131022/debtext/131022-0001.htm [Accessed 19 Nov 2019].
- Meyler and Woodhouse, 2013. Changing the immigration rules and withdrawing the ‘currency’ of legal aid: the impact of LASPO 2012 on migrants and their families. Journal of social welfare and family law, 35 (1), 35–78.
- Ministry of Justice, ed., 2010. Proposals for the reform of legal aid in England and Wales. Consultation paper CP12/10. London: The Stationary Office on behalf of HM Stationary Office. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/228970/7967.pdf [Accessed 16 November 2019].
- Ministry of Justice, 2019. Post-implementation review of part 1 of the legal aid, sentencing and punishment of offenders act 2012. London: Ministry of Justice.
- Moorehead, C., 2016. Human cargo a journey among refugees. London: Vintage Books.
- Nottingham Insight, 2019. JSNA evidence summary (2019). Nottinghaminsight.org.uk. Available from: https://www.nottinghaminsight.org.uk/themes/health-and-wellbeing/joint-strategic-needs-assessment/behavioural-factors-and-wider-determinants-of-health/jsna-evidence-summary-2019/ [Accessed 21 Nov 2019].
- O’Nions, H., Vickers, T., and Dahill, D., 2020. Legal advice and support for persons with insecure immigration status forthcoming. Nottingham: Nottingham Trent University and Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Refugee Forum.
- Organ, J. and Sigafoos, J., 2018. The impact of LASPO on routes to justice. Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission. Available from: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/the-impact-of-laspo-on-routes-to-justice-september-2018.pdf [Accessed 17 Nov 2019].
- Perez, E., 2016. Unspoken politics. Implicit attitudes and political thinking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Phibbs, H., 2010. Legal aid gravy train has not yet ground to a halt. Mail Online. Available from: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-1330170/Legal-aid-gravy-train-ground-halt.html [Accessed 17 Nov 2019].
- Piketty, T., 2014. Capital in the twenty-first century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Poole, S., 2018. ‘Compliant environment’: is this really what the Windrush generation needs? The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/may/03/compliant-environment-is-this-really-what-the-windrush-generation-needs [Accessed 19 Nov 2019].
- Refugee Action, 2019. Government failings are leaving vulnerable people seeking asylum homeless and hungry Refugee Action. Available from: https://www.refugee-action.org.uk/government-failings-are-leaving-vulnerable-people-seeking-asylum-homeless-and-hungry/ [Accessed 19 Nov 2019].
- Refugee Action and NACCOM. 2018. Tipping the scales: access to justice in the asylum system. London: Refugee Action. Available from: https://www.refugee-action.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Access-to-Justice-July-18-1.pdf [Accessed 21 Nov 2019].
- Rice, S., 2017. Reasoning a human right to legal aid. In Flynn and Hodgson. Access to Justice and Legal Aid: Comparative Perspectives on Unmet Legal Need.
- Smith, N.A. and Phillips, D., 2019. English council funding: what’s happened and what’s next? London: Institute for Fiscal Studies. Available from: https://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/14133 [Accessed 21 Nov 2019].
- Solicitors Regulation Authority, 2016. Quality of legal services for asylum seekers. SRA. Available from: https://www.sra.org.uk/globalassets/documents/sra/research/asylum-report.pdf?version=4a1ab3 [Accessed 20 Nov 2019].
- Sommerland, H. and Sanderson, P., 2013. Social justice on the margins: the future of the not for profit sector as providers of legal advice in England and Wales. Journal of social welfare and family law, 35 (3), 305–327. doi:10.1080/09649069.2013.802108
- Souter, J., 2016. “Bogus” asylum seekers? The ethics of truth-telling in the asylum system. Open Democracy. Available from: https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/bogus-asylum-seekers-ethics-of-truth-telling-in-asylum-system/ [Accessed 20 Nov 2019].
- Stiglitz, J.E., 2013. The price of inequality. New York: W.W. Norton.
- Taylor, R., 2018. Impact of ‘hostile environment’ policy. Lords Library Notes LLN-2018-0064: House of Lords. Available from: https://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/LLN-2018-0064
- The Bach Commission, 2017. The final report of the Bach Commission. Fabian Society. Available from: https://fabians.org.uk/the-final-report-of-the-bach-commission/ [Accessed 18 Nov 2019].
- The Low Commission, 2014. Tackling the advice deficit: a strategy for access to advice and legal support on social welfare law in England and Wales. Legal Action Group. Available from: http://www.lag.org.uk/media/147015/low_commission_report_final_version.pdf
- The United Nations Human Rights Council, 2019. Report of the Human Rights Council on its forty-first session. The United Nations. Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session41/Pages/41RegularSession.aspx [Accessed 17 Nov 2019].
- Thomas, R., 2011. Administrative justice and asylum appeals: a study of tribunal adjudication. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
- Thomas, R., 2016. Immigration and access to justice: A critical analysis of recent restrictions. In: E. Palmer, T. Cornford, Y. Marique, A. Guinchard., eds. Access to justice: beyond the policies and politics of austerity. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 105–134.
- Tidman, Z., 2019. Tory Home secretary Priti Patel says ‘you can’t blame the government for poverty’. The Independent. Available from: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/priti-patel-poverty-government-blame-austerity-general-election-tories-a9211741.html [accessed 1 Dec 2019].
- Travis, A., 2013. Immigration bill: Theresa may defends plans to create “hostile environment”. The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/oct/10/immigration-bill-theresa-may-hostile-environment [Accessed 20 November 2019].
- UN CERD, 26 Aug 2016. Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Concluding Observations on the Twenty-First To Twenty-Third Periodic Reports of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. ERD/C/GBR/CO/21-23, Para 13.
- Venn, C., 2019. How neoliberalism is normalising hostility. Open Democracy.
- Wilding, J., 2019. Droughts and Deserts. a report on the immigration legal aid market. York: Joseph Rowntree Trust. Available from: http://www.jowilding.org/assets/files/Droughts%20and%20Deserts%20final%20report.pdf [Accessed 19 Nov 2019].
- Williams, W., 2020. Windrush. lessons learned. HC 93, Mar.
- York, S., 2013. The end of legal aid in immigration: a barrier to access to justice for migrants and a decline in the rule of law. Immigration, asylum and nationality law, 27 (2), 106–138.