Memory for media: Investigation of false memories for negatively and positively charged public events

References

• Alexander , K. W. , Quas , J. A. , Goodman , G. S. , Ghetti , S. , Edelstein , R. S. Redlich , A. D. 2005 . Traumatic impact predicts long-term memory for documented child sexual abuse . Psychological Science , 16 : 33 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett , F. C. 1932 . Remembering , Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , E. B. and Putnam , F. W. 1993 . An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale . Dissociation , 6 : 16 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Charles , S. T. , Mather , M. and Carstensen , L. L. 2003 . Aging and emotional memory: The forgettable nature of negative images for older adults . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 132 : 310 – 324 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clancy , S. A. , McNally , R. J. , Schacter , D. L. , Lenzenweger , M. F. and Pitman , R. K. 2002 . Memory distortion in people reporting abduction by aliens . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 111 : 455 – 461 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , P. X. Jr and McCrae , R. R. 1992 . Manual for the Revised NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) , Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Crombag , H. F. , Wagenaar , W. A. and Van Koppen , P. J. 1996 . Crashing memories and the problem of ‘source monitoring’ . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 10 : 95 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granhag , P. A. , Stromwall , L. and Billings , J. 2003 . “ I'll never forget the sinking ferry: How social influence makes false memories surface ” . In Much ado about crime: Chapters on psychology and law , Edited by: Vanderhallen , M. , Vervaeke , G. , van Koppen , P. J. and Goethals , J. 129 – 140 . Brussels : Politeia .
   Google Scholar
• Hyman , I. E. and Billings , F. J. 1998 . Individual differences and the creation of false childhood memories . Memory , 6 : 1 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyman , I. E. , Husband , T. H. and Billings , F. J. 1995 . False memories of childhood experiences . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 9 : 181 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelicic , M. , Smeets , T. , Peters , M. J. V. , Candel , I. , Horselenberg , R. and Merckelbach , H. 2006 . Assassination of a controversial politician: Remembering details from another non-existent film . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 20 : 591 – 596 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsay , D. S. , Hagen , L. , Read , J. D. , Wade , K. A. and Garry , M. 2004 . True photographs and false memories . Psychological Science , 15 : 149 – 154 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loftus , E. F. 2005 . Planting misinformation in the human mind: A 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory . Learning and Memory , 12 : 361 – 366 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loftus , E. F. and Pickrell , J. E. 1995 . The formation of false memories . Psychiatric Annals , 25 : 720 – 725 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merckelbach , H. , Muris , P. , Rassin , E. and Horselenberg , R. 2000 . Dissociative experiences and interrogative suggestibility in college students . Personality and Individual Differences , 29 : 1133 – 1140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nourkova , V. , Bernstein , D. M. and Loftus , E. F. 2004 . Altering traumatic memory . Cognition and Emotion , 18 : 575 – 585 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ost , J. , Hogbin , I. and Granhag , P. A. 2006 . Altering false reports via confederate influence . Social Influence , 1 : 105 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Ost , J. , Vrij , A. , Costall , A. and Bull , R. 2002 . Crashing memories and reality monitoring: Distinguishing between perceptions, imaginations and ‘false memories’ . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 16 : 125 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , J. D. , Nadel , L. , Allen , J. J. B. , Thomas , K. G. F. and Jacobs , W. J. 2002 . The effects of experimentally induced stress on false recognition . Memory , 10 : 1 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pezdek , K. 2003 . Event memory and autobiographical memory for the events of September 11, 2001 . Applied Cognitive Psychology , 17 : 1033 – 1045 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , S. , Bellhouse , S. , McDougall , A. , ten Brinke , L. , & Wilson , K. 2007 . A prospective investigation of the vulnerability of positive and negative scenes to the misinformation effect . Manuscript submitted for publication .
   Google Scholar
• Porter , S. , Birt , A. R. and Yuille , J. C. 2000 . Negotiating false memories: Interviewer and rememberer characteristics relate to memory distortion . Psychological Science , 11 : 507 – 510 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , S. and Peace , K. 2007 . The scars of memory: A prospective, longitudinal investigation of the consistency of traumatic and positive emotional memories in adulthood . Psychological Science , 18 : 435 – 441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , S. , Spencer , L. and Birt , A. 2003 . Blinded by emotion? Effect of emotionality of a scene on susceptibility to false memories . Canadian Jounral of Behavioral Science , 35 : 165 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter , S. , Yuille , J. C. and Lehman , D. R. 1999 . The nature of real, implanted, and fabricated childhood emotional events: Implications for the recovered memory debate . Law and Human Behavior , 23 : 517 – 537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schacter , D. L. 1995 . “ The current status of memory distortion ” . In Memory distortion: How minds, brains, and societies reconstruct the past , Edited by: Schacter , D. L. 1 – 43 . Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Spiegel , D. 1997 . Trauma, dissociation, and memory . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 821 : 225 – 237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talarico , J. M. , LaBar , K. S. and Rubin , D. C. 2004 . Emotional intensity autobiographical memory experience . Memory and Cognition , 32 : 1118 – 1132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Kolk , B. A. and Fisler , R. 1995 . Dissociation and the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories: Overview and exploratory study . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 8 : 505 – 525 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wade , K. A. , Garry , M. , Read , J. D. and Lindsay , D. S. 2002 . A picture is worth a thousand lies: Using false photographs to create false childhood memories . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 9 : 597 – 603 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , D. B. and Livingston-Raper , D. 2002 . Memory distortion and dissociation: Exploring the relationship in a non-clinical sample . Journal of Trauma & Dissociation , 3 : 97 – 109 .
   Google Scholar