Does trauma memory play a role in the experience of reporting sexual assault during police interviews? An exploratory study

References

• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4 Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association .
   Google Scholar
• Bogner , D. , Herhily , J. and Brewin , C. R. 2007 . Impact of sexual violence on disclosure during Home Office Interviews . British Journal of Psychiatry , 191 : 75 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin , C. R. 2007 . Autobiographical memory for trauma: Update on four controversies . Memory , 15 ( 3 ) : 227 – 248 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin , C. R. , Dalgleish , T. and Joseph , S. 1996 . A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder . Psychological Review , 102 : 670 – 686 .
   Google Scholar
• Brewin , C. R. and Holmes , E. A. 2003 . Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder . Clinical Psychology Review , 23 : 339 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bristol Online Surveys . 2003 . [Software.] Institute of Learning and Research Technology . University of Bristol , UK .
   Google Scholar
• British Psychological Society . 2008 . Guidelines on memory and the law: Recommendations from the Scientific Study of Human Memory [a report from the Research Board, June 2008] . Leicester, , UK : British Psychological Society .
   Google Scholar
• Conway , M. A. and Holmes , E. A. 2005 . “ Autobiographical memory and the working self ” . In Cognitive psychology , Edited by: Braisby , N. R. and Gellatly , A. R. H. 507 – 538 . Oxford, , UK : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Conway , M. A. , Meares , K. and Standart , S. 2004a . Images and goals . Memory , 12 : 525 – 531 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway , M. A. and Pleydell-Pearce , C. W. 2000 . The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system . Psychological Review , 107 : 261 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway , M. A. , Singer , J. A. and Tagini , A. 2004b . The self and autobiographical memory: Correspondence and coherence . Social Cognition , 22 ( 5 ) : 491 – 529 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlers , A. and Clark , D. M. 2000 . A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 38 : 319 – 345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlers , A. , Hackman , A. and Michael , T. 2004 . Intrusive re-experiencing in post-traumatic stress disorder: Phenomenology, theory, and therapy . Memory , 12 : 403 – 415 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelhard , I. M. , van den Hout , M. A. , Kindt , M. and Shouten , E. 2003 . Peri-traumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress after pregnancy loss: A prospective study . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 41 : 57 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Foa , E. B. and Hearst-Ikeda , D. 1996 . “ Emotional dissociation in response to trauma: An information processing approach ” . In Handbook of dissociation: Theoretical, empirical, and clinical perspectives , Edited by: Michelson , L. K. and William , J. R. 207 – 224 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Foa , E. B. , Molnar , C. and Cashman , L. 1995 . Change in rape narratives during exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 8 : 675 – 690 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory , J. and Lees , S. 1996 . Attrition in rape and sexual assault cases . British Journal of Criminology , 36 : 17
   Google Scholar
• Grey , N. and Holmes , E. A. 2008 . “Hotspots” in trauma memories in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A replication . Memory , 16 ( 7 ) : 788 – 796 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hackmann , A. and Holmes , E. A. 2004 . Reflecting on imagery: A clinical perspective and overview of the special edition on mental imagery and memory in psychopathology . Memory , 12 ( 4 ) : 389 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes , E. A. , Brown , R. J. , Mansell , W. , Fearon , R. P. , Hunter , E. C. M. Frasquilho , F. 2005a . Are there two qualitatively distinct forms of dissociation? A review and some clinical implications . Clinical Psychology Review , 25 ( 1 ) : 1 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes , E. A. , Grey , N. and Young , K. 2005b . Intrusive images and “hotspots” of trauma memories in posttraumatic stress disorder: An exploratory investigation of emotions and cognitive themes . Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry , 36 : 3 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes , E. A. and Hackmann , A. 2004 . A healthy imagination? . Memory , 12 ( 4 ) : 387 – 388 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan , J. 2004 . Beyond belief? Police, rape and women's credibility . Criminal Justice , 4 : 29 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Kelly , L. , Lovett , J. and Regan , L. 2005 . A gap or a chasm? Attrition in rape cases , London : Home Office .
   Google Scholar
• Maddox , L. , Lee , D. , & Barker , C. 2008 . The role of PTSD, shame, self-blame and police empathy in attrition of rape cases: Victim perspective . Manuscript submitted for publication .
   Google Scholar
• Marmar , C. , Weiss , D. S. and Metzler , T. 1997 . “ The peri-traumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire ” . In Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD , Edited by: Wilson , J. P. and Keane , T. M. 412 – 428 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Office for Criminal Justice Reform . 2006 . Convicting rapists and protecting victims – Justice for victims of rape: A consultation paper . London : Criminal Justice System .
   Google Scholar
• O'Kearney , R. and Perrott , K. 2006 . Trauma narratives in post-traumatic stress disorder: A review . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 19 ( 1 ) : 81 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tromp , S. , Koss , M. P. , Figueredo , A. J. and Tharan , M. 1995 . Are rape memories different? A comparison of rape, other unpleasant and pleasant memories among employed women . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 8 : 607 – 623 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Kolk , B. A. and Fisler , R. 1995 . Dissociation and the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories: Overview and exploratory study . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 2 : 259 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Zoellner , L. A. , Alvarez-Conrad , J. and Foa , E. B. 2002 . Peritraumatic dissociative experiences, trauma narratives and trauma pathology . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 15 : 49 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar