395
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Sequential difficulty effects during execution of memory strategies in young and older adults

, , &
Pages 806-816 | Received 19 Mar 2014, Accepted 22 May 2014, Published online: 26 Jun 2014

REFERENCES

  • Angel, L., Isingrini, M., Bouazzaoui, B., Taconnat, L., Allan, K., Granjon, L., & Fay, S. (2010). The amount of retrieval support modulates age effects on episodic memory: Evidence from event-related potentials. Brain Research, 1335, 41–52. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.040
  • Ardiale, E., Hodzik, S., & Lemaire, P. (2012). Aging and strategy switch costs: A study in arithmetic problem solving. L'Année Psychologique, 112 (3), 345–360.
  • Baddeley, A. D. (1996). Exploring the central executive. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 49, 5–28. doi:10.1080/713755608
  • Bailey, H., Dunlosky, J., & Hertzog, C. (2010). Metacognitive training at home: Does it improve older adults’ learning? Gerontology, 56, 414–420. doi:10.1159/000266030
  • Bonin, P., Méot, A., Aubert, L., Malardier, N., Niedenthal, P., & Capelle-Toczek, M. C. (2003). Normes de concrétude, de valeur d’imagerie, de fréquence subjective et de valence émotionnelle pour 866 mots. L’Année Psychologique, 103, 683–721.
  • Bottiroli, S., Dunlosky, J., Guerini, K., Cavallini, E., & Hertzog, C. (2010). Does strategy affordance moderate age-related deficits in strategy production? Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 17, 591–602.
  • Bouazzaoui, B., Isingrini, M., Fay, S., Angel, L., Vanneste, S., Clarys, D., & Taconnat, L. (2010). Aging and self-reported internal and external memory strategy uses: the role of executive functioning. Acta Psychologica, 135, 59–66. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.05.007
  • Caviola, S., Mammarella, I. C., Cornoldi, C., & Lucangeli, D. (2012). The involvement of working memory in children’s exact and approximate mental addition. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112, 141–160. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2012.02.005
  • Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671–684. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X
  • Craik, F. I. M., & McDowd, J. M. (1987). Age differences in recall and recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 474–479. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.13.3.474
  • Craik, F. I. M., & Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 268–294. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.268
  • Dunlosky, J., & Connor, L. T. (1997). Age differences in the allocation of study time account for age differences in memory performance. Memory & Cognition, 25, 691–700. doi:10.3758/BF03211311
  • Dunlosky, J., & Hertzog, C. (1998). Aging and deficits in associative memory: What is the role of strategy use? Psychology and Aging, 13, 597–607. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.13.4.597
  • Dunlosky, J., & Hertzog, C. (2000). Updating knowledge about encoding strategies: A componential analysis of learning about strategy effectiveness from task experience. Psychology & Aging, 15, 462–474. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.15.3.462
  • Dunlosky, J., & Hertzog, C. (2001). Measuring strategy production during associative learning: The relative utility of concurrent versus retrospective reports. Memory & Cognition, 29, 247–253. doi:10.3758/BF03194918
  • Duverne, S., Lemaire, P., & Vandierendonck, A. (2007). Do working-memory executive components mediate the effects of age on strategy selection or on strategy execution? Insights from arithmetic problem solving. Psychological Research, 72, 27–38. doi:10.1007/s00426-006-0071-5
  • Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognition state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
  • Froger, C., Bouazzaoui, B., Isingrini, M., & Taconnat, L. (2012). Study-time allocation deficit of older adults: The role of environmental support at encoding. Psychology and Aging, 27, 577–588. doi:10.1037/a0026358
  • Froger, C., Toczé, C., & Taconnat, L. (2014). How the strategic behavior modification can explain the age related deficit in episodic memory. L’Année Psychologique/Topics in Cognitive Psychology, 114, 353–385.
  • Gandini, D., Lemaire, P., Anton, J. -L., & Nazarian, B. (2008). Neural correlates of approximate quantification strategies in young and older adults: An fMRI study. Brain Research, 1246, 144–157.
  • Grady, C. L., Haxby, J. V., Horwitz, B., Sundaram, M., Berg, G., Schapiro, M., Friedland, R. P., & Rapoport, S. I. (1988). Longitudinal study of the early neuropsychological and cerebral metabolic changes in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 10, 576–596. doi:10.1080/01688638808402796
  • Heaton, R. K., Chelune, G. J., Talley, J. L., Kay, G. G., & Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Hertzog, C., Price, J., & Dunlosky, J. (2012). Age differences in the effects of experimenter-instructed versus self-generated strategy use. Experimental Aging Research, 38, 42–62. doi:10.1080/0361073X.2012.637005
  • Hodzik, S., & Lemaire, P. (2011). Inhibition and shifting capacities mediate adults’ age-related differences in strategy selection and repertoire. Acta Psychologica, 137, 335–344. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.04.002
  • Imbo, I., Duverne, S., & Lemaire, P. (2007). Working memory, strategy execution, and strategy selection in mental arithmetic. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60, 1246–1264. doi:10.1080/17470210600943419
  • Imbo, I., & Vandierendonck, A. (2007). The development of strategy use in elementary school children: Working memory and individual differences. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 96, 284–309. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2006.09.001
  • Isingrini, M., & Taconnat, L. (1997). Aspects du Vieillissement normal de la mémoire. Psychologie Française, 42, 319–331.
  • Isingrini, M., & Taconnat, L. (2007). Episodic memory, frontal functioning, and aging. Revue Neurologique, 164, 91–95. doi:10.1016/S0035-3787(08)73297-1
  • Kaplan, G. B., Sengör, N. S., Gürvit, H., Genç, I., & Güzelis, C. (2006). A composite neural network model for perseveration and distractibility in the Wisconsin card sorting test. Neural Networks, 19, 375–387.
  • Lemaire, P. (2010). Cognitive strategy variations during aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 363–369. doi:10.1177/0963721410390354
  • Lemaire, P., & Lecacheur, M. (2010). Strategy switch costs in arithmetic problem solving. Memory & Cognition, 38, 322–332. doi:10.3758/MC.38.3.322
  • Lemaire, P., & Lecacheur, M. (2011). Age-related changes in children’s executive functions and strategy selection: A study in computational estimation. Cognitive Development, 26, 282–294.
  • Lemaire, P., & Leclère, M. (2014). Strategy repetition in young and older adults: A study in arithmetic. Developmental Psychology, 50, 460–468. doi:10.1037/a0033527
  • Lemaire, P., & Reder, L. (1999) What affects strategy selection in arithmetic? The example of parity and five effects on product verification. Memory & Cognition, 27, 364–382. doi:10.3758/BF03211420
  • Li, K. Z., & Bosman, E. A. (1996). Age differences in Stroop-like interference as a function of semantic relatedness. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 3, 272–284. doi:10.1080/13825589608256630
  • Lovett, M. C., & Schunn, C. D. (1999). Task representations, strategy variability, and base-rate neglect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 107–130. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.2.107
  • Luo, L., & Craik, F. I. M. (2008). Aging and memory: A cognitive approach. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 346–353.
  • Luwel, K., Schillemans, V., Onghena, P., & Verschaffel, L. (2009). Does switching between strategies within the same task involve a cost? British Journal of Psychology, 100, 753–771.
  • Marks, D. F. (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 17–24. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01322.x
  • Mata, R., von Helversen, B., & Rieskamp, J. (2010). Learning to choose: Cognitive aging and strategy selection learning in decision making. Psychology and Aging, 25, 299–309. doi:10.1037/a0018923
  • McCabe, D. P., Roediger, H. L., McDaniel, M. A., Balota, D. A., & Hambrick, D. Z. (2010). The relationship between working memory capacity and executive functioning: Evidence for a common executive attention construct. Neuropsychology, 24, 222–243. doi:10.1037/a0017619
  • McDaniel, M. A., Einstein, G. O., & Jacoby, L. L. (2008). New considerations in aging and memory: The glass may be half full. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), Handbook of Aging, Cognition (3rd ed., pp. 251–310). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167–202. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167
  • Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49–100.
  • Oberauer, K., Lewandowsky, S., Farrell, S., Jarrold, C., & Greaves, M. (2012). Modeling working memory: An interference model of complex span. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 19, 779–819. doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0272-4
  • Paivio, A., & Csapo, K. (1969). Concrete image and verbal memory codes. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 80, (2, Pt. 1), 279–285. doi:10.1037/h0027273
  • Paivio, A., & Csapo, K. (1971). Short-term sequential memory for pictures and words. Psychonomic Science, 24, 50–51. doi:10.3758/BF03337887
  • Plaie, T., & Thomas, D. (2008). Implications des processus d'imagerie mentale dans le déficit du codage imagé des informations verbales au cours du vieillissement normal. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 62, 117–126. doi:10.1037/1196-1961.62.2.117
  • Price, J., Hertzog, C., & Dunlosky, J. (2010). Self-regulated learning in younger and older adults: Does aging affect cognitive control? Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 17, 329–359. doi:10.1080/13825580903287941
  • Pyc, M. A., & Dunlosky, J. (2010). Toward an understanding of students’ allocation of study time: Why do they decide to mass or space their practice? Memory & Cognition, 38, 431–440. doi:10.3758/MC.38.4.431
  • Rabinowitz, J. C., Craik, F. I. M., & Ackerman, B. P. (1982). A processing resource account of age differences in recall. Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie, 36, 325–344. doi:10.1037/h0080643
  • Raven, J. C., Court, J. H., & Raven, J. (1986). Manual for Raven’s Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
  • Rieskamp, J., & Otto, P. E. (2006). SSL: A theory of how people learn to select strategies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 207–236. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.135.2.207
  • Salthouse, T. A. (1990). Working memory as a processing resource in cognitive aging. Developmental Review, 103, 403–427.
  • Schneider, D. W., & Anderson, J. R. (2010). Asymmetric switch costs as sequential difficulty effects. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 1873–1894. doi:10.1080/17470211003624010
  • Siegler, R., & Araya, R. (2005). A computational model of conscious and unconscious strategy discovery. In R. V. Kail (Ed.), Advances in Child Development and Behavior (pp. 1–42). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
  • Siegler, R. S., & Shipley, C. (1995). Variation, selection, and cognitive change. In T. J. Simon & G. S. Halford (Eds.), Developing Cognitive Competence: New Approaches to Process Modeling (pp. 31–76). Hillsdale, NJ, England: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 89, 669–679.
  • Taconnat, L., Baudouin, A., Fay, S., Clarys, D., Vanneste, S., Tournelle, L., & Isingrini, M. (2006). Aging and implementation of encoding strategies in the generation of rhymes: The role of executive functions. Neuropsychology, 20, 658–665. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.6.658
  • Taconnat, L., Clarys, D., Vanneste, S., Bouazzaoui, B., & Isingrini, M. (2007). Aging and strategic retrieval in a cued-recall test: The role of executive functions and fluid intelligence. Brain and Cognition, 64, 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2006.09.011
  • Taconnat, L., & Lemaire, P. (in press). Executive functions, cognitive aging and strategic variations. Psychologie française.
  • Taconnat, L., Raz, N., Toczé, C., Bouazzaoui, B., Sauzéon, H., Fay, S., & Isingrini, M. (2009). Ageing and organisation strategies in free recall: The role of cognitive flexibility. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 21, 347–365. doi:10.1080/09541440802296413
  • Toczé, C., Bouazzaoui, B., & Taconnat, L. (2012). Vieillissement et mémoire: rôle de la flexibilité cognitive dans l’utilisation de stratégies mnésiques adaptées et dans le rappel. In M. Audiffren (Ed), Regards croisés des sciences cognitives sur la créativité, la motivation et le vieillissement (pp. 125–137). Rennes: Presses Universitaire de Rennes.
  • Tournier, I., & Postal, V. (2011). Strategy selection and aging: Impact of item concreteness in paired associate task. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 2, 195–213. doi:10.1080/13825585.2010.525623
  • Touron, D. R., & Hertzog, C. (2004). Distinguishing age differences in knowledge, strategy use, and confidence during strategic skill acquisition. Psychology and Aging, 19, 452–466. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.19.3.452
  • Touron, D. R., & Hertzog, C. (2009). Age differences in strategic behavior during a computation-based skill acquisition task. Psychology and Aging, 24, 574–585. doi:10.1037/a0015966
  • Touron, D. R., Swaim, E. T., & Hertzog, C. (2007). Moderation of older adults’ retrieval reluctance through task instructions and monetary incentives. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62, P149–P155. doi:10.1093/geronb/62.3.P149
  • Tronsky, L. N. (2005). Strategy use, the development of automaticity, and working memory involvement in complex multiplication. Memory & Cognition, 33, 927–940. doi:10.3758/BF03193086
  • Uittenhove, K., & Lemaire, P. (2012) Sequential difficulty effects during strategy execution: A study in arithmetic. Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie), 59, 295–301. doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000157
  • Uittenhove, K., & Lemaire, P. (2013a). Strategy sequential difficulty effects in Alzheimer patients: A study in arithmetic. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 35, 83–89. doi:10.1080/13803395.2012.753036
  • Uittenhove, K., & Lemaire, P. (2013b). Strategy sequential difficulty effects vary with working-memory and response–stimulus-intervals: A study in arithmetic. Acta Psychologica, 143, 113–118. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.02.007
  • Uittenhove, K., Poletti, C., Dufau, S., & Lemaire, P. (2013). The time course of strategy sequential difficulty effects: An ERP study in arithmetic. Experimental Brain Research, 227, 1–8. doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3397-9
  • Velanova, K., Lustig, C., Jacoby, L. L., & Buckner, R. L. (2007). Evidence for frontally mediated controlled processing differences in older adults. Cerebral Cortex, 17(5), 1033–1046.
  • Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.