How am I going to tell you this? The relations between social anxiety and narrative coherence

References

• Abbott, M. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). Post-event rumination and negative self-appraisal in social phobia before and after treatment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(1), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.113.1.136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler, J. M., Lodi-Smith, J., Philippe, F. L., & Houle, I. (2016). The incremental validity of narrative identity in predicting well-being: A review of the field and recommendations for the future. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20(2), 142–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868315585068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler, J. M., Waters, T. E. A., Poh, J., & Seitz, S. (2018). The nature of narrative coherence: An empirical approach. Journal of Research in Personality, 74, 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alea, N., Arneaud, M. J., & Ali, S. (2013). The quality of self, social, and directive memories: Are there adult age group differences? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 37(5), 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025413484244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alea, N., & Bluck, S. (2003). Why are you telling me that? A conceptual model of the social function of autobiographical memory. Memory, 11(2), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/741938207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
   Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 8, pp. 47–89). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baerger, D. R., & McAdams, D. P. (1999). Life story coherence and its relation to psychological well-being. Narrative Inquiry, 9(1), 69–96. https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.9.1.05bae
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry, T. J., Vinograd, M., Boddez, Y., Raes, F., Zinbarg, R., Mineka, S., & Craske, M. G. (2019). Reduced autobiographical memory specificity affects general distress through poor social support. Memory, 27(7), 916–923. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2019.1607876
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bavelas, J. B., Coates, L., & Johnson, T. (2000). Listeners as co-narrators. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 941–952. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beike, D. R., Brandon, N. R., & Cole, H. E. (2016). Is sharing specific autobiographical memories a distinct form of self-disclosure? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000143
   Google Scholar
• Bluck, S. (2003). Autobiographical memory: Exploring its function in everyday life. Memory, 11(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/741938206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluck, S., & Alea, N. (2009). Thinking and talking about the past: Why remember? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23(8), 1089–1104. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1612
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluck, S., & Alea, N. (2011). Crafting the tale: Construction of a measure to assess the functions of autobiographical remembering. Memory, 19(5), 470–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2011.590500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluck, S., Alea, N., Habermas, T., & Rubin, D. C. (2005). A TALE of three functions: The self–reported uses of autobiographical memory. Social Cognition, 23(1), 91–117. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.23.1.91.59198
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluck, S., Baron, J. M., Ainsworth, S. A., Gesselman, A. N., & Gold, K. L. (2013). Eliciting empathy for adults in chronic pain through autobiographical memory sharing. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boals, A., Banks, J. B., Hathaway, L. M., & Schuettler, D. (2011). Coping with stressful events: Use of cognitive words in stressful narratives and the meaning-making process. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(4), 378–403. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2011.30.4.378
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brozovich, F., & Heimberg, R. G. (2008). An analysis of post-event processing in social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(6), 891–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2008.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnell, K. J., Coleman, P. G., & Hunt, N. (2010). Coping with traumatic memories: Second world war veterans’ experiences of social support in relation to the narrative coherence of war memories. Ageing and Society, 30(1), 57–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X0999016X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buxton, B. A. (2016). The relationships among rumination, memory coherence, and well being in a Community sample of adolescents (Unpublished master's thesis). Victoria University of Wellington.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., McAnally, H. M., Wang, Q., & Reese, E. (2012). The coherence of critical event narratives and adolescents’ psychological functioning. Memory, 20(7), 667–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2012.693934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, D. M., & McManus, F. (2002). Information processing in social phobia. Biological Psychiatry, 51(1), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01296-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Conway, M. A. (2005). Memory and the self. Journal of Memory and Language, 53(4), 594–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2005.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107(2), 261–288. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.107.2.261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, M. A., Singer, J. A., & Tagini, A. (2004). The self and autobiographical memory: Correspondence and coherence. Social Cognition, 22(5), 491–529. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.22.5.491.50768
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Beurs, E., Van Dyck, R., Marquenie, L. A., Lange, A., & Blonk, R. W. B. (2001). De DASS: Een vragenlijst voor het meten van depressie, angst en stress [The DASS: A questionnaire for the measurement of depression, anxiety, and stress]. Gedragstherapie, 34(1), 35–53.
   Google Scholar
• Dickson, J. (2004). Autobiographical memory and social anxiety: The impact of self-focus priming on recall [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Swinburne University of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, S. L., Rapee, R. M., & Franklin, J. (2003). Postevent rumination and recall bias for a social performance event in high and low socially anxious individuals. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(6), 603–617. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026395526858
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, A. P., & Morgan, J. (2004). Post-event processing and the retrieval of autobiographical memories in socially anxious individuals. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18(5), 647–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fioretti, C., Pascuzzi, D., & Smorti, A. (2017). The role of the listener on the emotional valence of personal memories in emerging adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, 24(4), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-017-9263-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fivush, R. (2011). The development of autobiographical memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 62(1), 559–582. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131702
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fivush, R., Berlin, L., McDermott Sales, J., Mennuti-Washburn, J., & Cassidy, J. (2003). Functions of parent-child reminiscing about emotionally negative events. Memory, 11(2), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/741938209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fivush, R., Habermas, T., Waters, T. E. A., & Zaman, W. (2011). The making of autobiographical memory: Intersections of culture, narratives and identity. International Journal of Psychology, 46(5), 321–345. https://doi/org/10.1080/00207594.2011.596541
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fivush, R., Haden, C. A., & Reese, E. (2006). Elaborating on elaborations: The role of maternal reminiscing style in cognitive and socioemotional development. Child Development, 77, 1568–1588. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00960.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fivush, R., McDermott Sales, J., & Bohanek, J. G. (2008). Meaning making in mothers’ and children’s narratives of emotional events. Memory, 16(6), 579–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210802150681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frattaroli, J. (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 823–865. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habermas, T., & Bluck, S. (2000). Getting a life: The emergence of the life story in adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 126(5), 748–769. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habermas, T., & Reese, E. (2015). Getting a life takes time: The development of the life story in adolescence, its precursors and consequences. Human Development, 58(3), 172–201. https://doi.org/10.1159/000437245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harandi, F. T., Taghinasab, M. M., & Nayeri, D. T. (2017). The correlation of social support with mental health: A meta-analysis. Electronic Physician, 9(9), 5212–5222. https://doi.org/10.19082/5212
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heimberg, R., Horner, K., Juster, H., Safren, S., Brown, E., Schneier, F., & Liebowitz, M. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz social anxiety scale. Psychological Medicine, 29(1), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798007879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 599–610. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.65.4.599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horselenberg, R., Merckelbach, H., van Breukelen, G., & Wessel, I. (2004). Individual differences in the accuracy of autobiographical memory. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11(3), 168–176. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Stang, P., Wittchen, H.-U., Stein, M., & Walters, E. E. (1999). Lifetime comorbidities between social phobia and mood disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine, 29(3), 555–567. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291799008375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, K., & Boals, A. (2001). Expressive writing can increase working memory capacity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(3), 520–533. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.130.3.520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krans, J., de Bree, J., & Bryant, R. A. (2014). Autobiographical memory bias in social anxiety. Memory, 22(8), 890–897. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2013.844261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labov, W. (1972). Language in the inner city. University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141–173. https://doi.org/10.1159/000414022
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (2nd ed.). Psychology Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P. (2001). The psychology of life stories. Review of General Psychology, 5(2), 100–122. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.2.100
   Google Scholar
• McAdams, D. P. (2006). The problem of narrative coherence. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 19(2), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720530500508720
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, K. C., Breen, A. V., & Fournier, M. A. (2010). Constructing the self in early, middle, and late adolescent boys: Narrative identity, individuation, and well-being. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(1), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00633.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, K. C., & Lilgendahl, J. P. (2008). Why recall our highs and lows: Relations between memory functions, age, and well-being. Memory, 16(7), 751–762. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210802215385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, K. C., Pasupathi, M., Greenhoot, A. F., & Fivush, R. (2017). Does intra-individual variability in narration matter and for what? Journal of Research in Personality, 69, 55–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, K. C., & Pratt, M. W. (2006). Life's little (and big) lessons: Identity statuses and meaning-making in the turning point narratives of emerging adults. Developmental Psychology, 42(4), 714–722. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellings, T. M. B., & Alden, L. E. (2000). Cognitive processes in social anxiety: The effects of self-focus, rumination and anticipatory processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(3), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00040-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, C., Reese, E., Salmon, K., & Jose, P. (2020). Narrative coherence, psychopathology, and wellbeing: Concurrent and longitudinal findings in a mid-adolescent sample. Journal of Adolescence, 79, 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, J. (2010). Autobiographical memory biases in social anxiety. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(3), 288–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, K. (2003). Narrative and self, myth and memory: Emergence of the cultural self. In R. Fivush, & C. A. Haden (Eds.), Autobiographical memory and the construction of a narrative self: Developmental and cultural perspectives (pp. 3–28). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, K., & Fivush, R. (2004). The emergence of autobiographical memory: A social cultural developmental theory. Psychological Review, 111(2), 486–511. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.2.486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIMH. (2014). Social anxiety disorder. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569–582. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohayon, M. M., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2010). Social phobia and depression: Prevalence and comorbidity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68(3), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.07.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozbay, F., Johnson, D. C., Dimoulas, E., Morgan, C. A., Charney, D., & Southwick, S. (2007). Social support and resilience to stress: From neurobiology to clinical practice. Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa.: Township)), 4, 35–40. www.cancer.gov
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palombo, D. J., Sheldon, S., & Levine, B. (2018). Individual differences in autobiographical memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(7), 583–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascuzzi, D., Fioretti, C., & Smorti, A. (2017). Sharing of emotional memories with a listener: Differences between adolescents and emerging adults. Journal of Youth Studies, 20(7), 927–944. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1273521
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasupathi, M. (2001). The social construction of the personal past and its implications for adult development. Psychological Bulletin, 127(5), 651–672. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.5.651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasupathi, M., & Billitteri, J. (2015). Being and becoming through being heard: Listener effects on stories and selves. International Journal of Listening, 29(2), 67–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2015.1029363
   Google Scholar
• Pasupathi, M., Lucas, S., & Coombs, A. (2002). Conversational functions of autobiographical remembering: Long-married couples talk about conflicts and pleasant topics. Discourse Processes, 34(2), 163–192. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326950DP3402_3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasupathi, M., & Rich, B. (2005). Inattentive listening undermines self-verification in personal storytelling. Journal of Personality, 73(4), 1051–1086. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00338.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillemer, D. B. (1992). Remembering personal circumstances: A functional analysis. In E. Winograd & U. Neisser (Eds.), Emory symposia in cognition, 4. Affect and accuracy in recall: Studies of “flashbulb” memories (pp. 236–264). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511664069.013
   Google Scholar
• Raes, F., Hermans, D., Williams, J. M. G., & Eelen, P. (2006). Reduced autobiographical memory specificity and affect regulation. Cognition and Emotion, 20(3-40), 402–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930500341003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(8), 741–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reese, E., Haden, C. A., Baker-Ward, L., Bauer, P., Fivush, R., & Ornstein, P. A. (2011). Coherence of personal narratives across the lifespan: A multidimensional model and coding method. Journal of Cognition and Development, 12(4), 424–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2011.587854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reese, E., Myftari, E., McAnally, H. M., Chen, Y., Neha, T., Wang, Q., Jack, F., & Robertson, S.-J. (2017). Telling the tale and living well: Adolescent narrative identity, personality traits, and well-being across cultures. Child Development, 88(2), 612–628. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimé, B., Finkenauer, C., Luminet, O., Zech, E., & Philippot, P. (1998). Social sharing of emotion: New evidence and new questions. European Review of Social Psychology, 9(1), 145–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779843000072
   Google Scholar
• Sales, J. M., Merrill, N. A., & Fivush, R. (2013). Does making meaning make it better? Narrative meaning making and well-being in at-risk African-American adolescent females. Memory, 21(1), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2012.706614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutin, A. R., & Robins, R. W. (2007). Phenomenology of autobiographical memories: The memory experiences questionnaire. Memory, 15(4), 390–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210701256654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving, E. (2002). Episodic memory and common sense: How far apart? In A. Baddeley, J. P. Aggleton, & M. A. Conway (Eds.), Episodic memory: New directions in research (pp. 269–287). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198508809.003.0015
   Google Scholar
• Vanaken, L., Bijttebier, P., & Hermans, D. (2020). I like you better when you are coherent. Narrating autobiographical memories in a coherent manner has a positive impact on listeners’ social evaluations. PloS one, 15(4). Article e0232214. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanaken, L., & Hermans, D. (2020a). Form follows function. A longitudinal investigation of the relations between narrative coherence, psychological well-being, internalizing symptoms and social bonding. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Vanaken, L., & Hermans, D. (2020b). Be coherent and become heard: The multidimensional impact of narrative coherence on listeners’ social responses. Memory & Cognition, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01092-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderveren, E., Bijttebier, P., & Hermans, D. (2019). Autobiographical memory coherence and specificity: Examining their reciprocal relation and their associations with internalizing symptoms and rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 116, 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderveren, E., Bijttebier, P., & Hermans, D. (2020). Autobiographical memory coherence in emotional disorders: The role of rumination, cognitive avoidance, executive functioning, and meaning making. PLoS One, 15(4). Article e0231862. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231862
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Vliet, I. M. (1999). Nederlands vertaling van de Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Unpublished Dutch translation.
   Google Scholar
• Vedel, A., Thomsen, D., & Larsen, L. (2015). Personality, academic majors and performance: Revealing complex patterns. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, T. E. A., & Fivush, R. (2015). Relations between narrative coherence, identity, and psychological well-being in emerging adulthood. Journal of Personality, 83(4), 441–451. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters, T. E. A., Köber, C., Raby, K. L., Habermas, T., & Fivush, R. (2019). Consistency and stability of narrative coherence: An examination of personal narrative as a domain of adult personality. Journal of Personality, 87(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, J. M. G., Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Herman, D., Raes, F., Watkins, E., & Dalgleish, T. (2007). Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 122–148. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar