Survival processing and directed forgetting: enhanced memory for both to-be-remembered and to-be-forgotten information

References

• Abel, M., & Bäuml, K. T. H. (2019). List-method directed forgetting after prolonged retention interval: Further challenges to contemporary accounts. Journal of Memory and Language, 106, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2019.02.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, M. C. (2003). Rethinking interference theory: Executive control and the mechanisms of forgetting. Journal of Memory and Language, 49(4), 415–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2003.08.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, M. C. (2005). The role of inhibitory control in forgetting unwanted memories: A consideration of three methods. In C. MacLeod, & B. Uttl (Eds.), Dynamic cognitive processes (pp. 159–190). Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, M. C., Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (1994). Remembering can cause forgetting: Retrieval dynamics in long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(5), 1063–1087. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.20.5.1063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, M. C., & Hanslmayr, S. (2014). Neural mechanisms of motivated forgetting. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(6), 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balota, D. A., Yap, M. J., Cortese, M. J., Hutchison, K. A., Kessler, B., Loftis, B., Neely, J. H., Nelson, D. L., Simpson, G. B., & Treiman, R. (2007). The English lexicon project. Behavior Research Methods, 39(3), 445–459. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bancroft, T. D., Hockley, W. E., & Farquhar, R. (2013). The longer we have to forget the more we remember: The ironic effect of postcue duration in item-based directed forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39(3), 691–699. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basden, B. H., & Basden, D. R. (1998). Directed forgetting: A contrast of methods and interpretations. In J. M. Golding, & C. M. MacLeod (Eds.), Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 139–172). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Basden, B. H., Basden, D. R., & Gargano, G. J. (1993). Directed forgetting in implicit and explicit memory tests: A comparison of methods. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19(3), 603–616. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.19.3.603
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bäuml, K. H. (1998). Strong items get suppressed, weak items do not: The role of item strength in output interference. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5(3), 459–463. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03208822
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bäuml, K.-H. T., Abel, M., & Kliegl, O. (2020). Inhibitory processes in episodic memory. In M. Eysenck, & D. Groome (Eds.), Forgetting: Explaining memory failure (pp. 125–146). Sage Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, A. S. (2006). The effects of list-method directed forgetting on recognition memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13(5), 831–836. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03194005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjork, E. L., & Bjork, R. A. (1996). Continuing influences of to-be-forgotten information. Consciousness and Cognition, 5(1-2), 176–196. https://doi.org/10.1006/ccog.1996.0011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjork, E. L., Bjork, R. A., & Anderson, M. C. (1998). Varieties of goal-directed forgetting. In J. M. Golding, & C. M. MacLeod (Eds.), Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 103–137). L. Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Bjork, R. A. (1970). Positive forgetting: The noninterference of items intentionally forgotten. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9(3), 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(70)80059-7
   Google Scholar
• Bjork, R. A. (1972). Theoretical implications of directed forgetting. In A. W. Melton, & E. Martin (Eds.), Coding processes in human memory (pp. 217–235). Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Bjork, R. A. (1978). The updating of human memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 12, pp. 235–259). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In H. L. Roediger, & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honor of Endel Tulving (pp. 309–330). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Bjork, R. A. (2014). Forgetting as a friend of learning. In D. S. Lindsay, C. M. Kelley, A. P. Yonelinas, & H. L. I. I. I. Roediger (Eds.), Remembering: Attributions, processes, and control in human memory: Papers in honour of Larry L. Jacoby (pp. 15–28). Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bono, R., Alarcón, R., & Blanca, M. J. (2021). Report quality of generalized linear mixed models in psychology: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 666182. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, D. J., Burns, S. A., & Hwang, A. J. (2011). Adaptive memory: Determining the proximate mechanisms responsible for the memorial advantages of survival processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(1), 206–218. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castel, A. D., & Rhodes, M. G. (2020). When and Why We (sometimes) forget really important things. In A. M. Cleary & B. L. Schwartz (Eds.), Memory quirks: The study of odd phenomena in memory (pp. 137–149). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, D. P. A., & Bruno, D. (2016). Fit to last: Exploring the longevity of the survival processing effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(6), 1164–1178. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2015.1076864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conway, M. A., Harries, K., Noyes, J., Racsmány, M., & Frankish, C. R. (2000). The disruption and dissolution of directed forgetting: Inhibitory control of memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 43(3), 409–430. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2000.2706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craik, F. I., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 671–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X
   Google Scholar
• Delaney, P. F., Barden, E. P., Smith, W. G., & Wisco, B. E. (2020). What can directed forgetting tell US about clinical populations? Clinical Psychology Review, 82, 101926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaney, P. F., Sahakyan, L., Kelley, C. M., & Zimmerman, C. A. (2010). Remembering to forget. Psychological Science, 21(7), 1036–1042. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610374739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, M., & Kornell, N. (2015). Collector [Computer software]. https://github.com/gikeymarcia/Collector.
   Google Scholar
• Gardiner, J. M., Gawlik, B., & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (1994). Maintenance rehearsal affects knowing, not remembering; elaborative rehearsal affects remembering, not knowing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1(1), 107–110. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiselman, R. E., & Bagheri, B. (1985). Repetition effects in directed forgetting: Evidence for retrieval inhibition. Memory & Cognition, 13(1), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03198444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiselman, R. E., Bjork, R. A., & Fishman, D. (1983). Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: A link with posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112(1), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.112.1.58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geraci, L., & McCabe, D. P. (2006). Examining the basis for illusory recollection: The role of remember/know instructions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13(3), 466–473. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golding, J. M., & Gottlob, L. R. (2005). Recall order determines the magnitude of directed forgetting in the within-participants list method. Memory & Cognition, 33(4), 588–594. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, K. J., Fawcett, E. J., Hourihan, K. L., & Fawcett, J. M. (2021). Emotional memories are (usually) harder to forget: A meta-analysis of the item-method directed forgetting literature. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 28(4), 1313–1326. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-021-01914-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hourihan, K. L., & MacLeod, C. M. (2008). Directed forgetting meets the production effect: Distinctive processing is resistant to intentional forgetting. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Expérimentale, 62(4), 242–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/1196-1961.62.4.242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger, T. F. (2008). Categorical data analysis: Away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 434–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2007.11.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, H. M. (1994). Processes of successful intentional forgetting. Psychological Bulletin, 116(2), 274–292. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.116.2.274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahana, M. J. (1996). Associative retrieval processes in free recall. Memory & Cognition, 24(1), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, S. H., McDermott, K. B., & Cohen, S. M. (2008). The mnemonic advantage of processing fitness-relevant information. Memory & Cognition, 36(6), 1151–1156. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.36.6.1151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass, R. E., & Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayes factors. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(430), 773–795. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazanas, S. A., & Altarriba, J. (2016). The survival advantage: Underlying mechanisms and extant limitations. Evolutionary Psychology, 13, 147470491501300204. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491501300204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, S. B. (2012). A role for self-referential processing in tasks requiring participants to imagine survival on the savannah. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(5), 1234–1242. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, S. B., Cosmides, L., Tooby, J., & Chance, S. (2002). Decisions and the evolution of memory: Multiple systems, multiple functions. Psychological Review, 109(2), 306–329. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.2.306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, S. B., Robertson, T. E., & Delton, A. W. (2011). The future-orientation of memory: Planning as a key component mediating the high levels of recall found with survival processing. Memory (Hove, England), 19(2), 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2010.537827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kliegl, O., & Bäuml, K. H. T. (2021). The mechanisms underlying interference and inhibition: A review of current behavioral and neuroimaging research. Brain Sciences, 11(9), 1246. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroneisen, M., & Bell, R. (2018). Remembering the place with the tiger: Survival processing can enhance source memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(2), 667–673. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-018-1431-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroneisen, M., & Erdfelder, E. (2011). On the plasticity of the survival processing effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(6), 1553–1562. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M. D., & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2014). Bayesian cognitive modeling: A practical course. Cambridge university press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Y. S. (2013). Costs and benefits in item-method directed forgetting: Differential effects of encoding and retrieval. The Journal of General Psychology, 140(3), 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2012.750591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Love, J., Selker, R., Marsman, M., Jamil, T., Dropmann, D., Verhagen, J., Ly, A., Gronau, Q. F., Šmíra, M., Epskamp, S., Matzke, D., Wild, A., Knight, P., Rouder, J. N., Morey, R. D., & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2019). JASP: Graphical statistical software for common statistical designs. Journal of Statistical Software, 88(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v088.i02
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLeod, C. (1998). Directed forgetting. In J. Golding, & C. M. MacLeod (Eds.), Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 139–172). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• MacLeod, C. (1999). The item and list methods of directed forgetting: Test differences and the role of demand characteristics. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 6(1), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03210819
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLeod, C. M. (1975). Long-term recognition and recall following directed forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1(3), 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.1.3.271
   Google Scholar
• MacLeod, C. M., & Daniels, K. A. (2000). Direct versus indirect tests of memory: Directed forgetting meets the generation effect. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7(2), 354–359. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03212993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meteyard, L., & Davies, R. A. (2020). Best practice guidance for linear mixed-effects models in psychological science. Journal of Memory and Language, 112, 104092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2020.104092
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers, Z. R., McCurdy, M. P., Leach, R. C., Thomas, A. K., & Leshikar, E. D. (2020). Effects of survival processing on item and context memory: Enhanced memory for survival-relevant details. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2244. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. H., & Castel, A. D. (2020). Responsible remembering: How metacognition impacts adaptive selective memory. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 228(4), 301–303. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. H., & Castel, A. D. (2021a). Responsible remembering and forgetting as contributors to memory for important information. Memory & Cognition, 49(5), 895–911. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01139-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. H., & Castel, A. D. (2021b). Metamemory that matters: Judgments of importance can engage responsible remembering. Memory (Hove, England), 29(3), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2021.1887895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. H., & Castel, A. D. (2022a). Selective remembering and directed forgetting are influenced by similar stimulus properties. Memory (Hove, England), 30(9), 1130–1147. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2022.2092152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. H., & Castel, A. D. (2022b). Responsible remembering and forgetting in younger and older adults. Experimental Aging Research, 48(5), 455–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2022.2033592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. H., Hoover, K. M., & Castel, A. D. (2022). Strategic metacognition: Self-paced study time and responsible remembering. Memory & Cognition.
   Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. S., Cogdill, M., & Lehman, M. (2017). Adaptive memory: Temporal, semantic, and rating-based clustering following survival processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 93, 304–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2016.10.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. S., Coverdale, M. E., & Pandeirada, J. N. S. (2019). Adaptive memory: The mnemonic power of survival-based generation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 45(11), 1970–1982. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. S., & Pandeirada, J. N. S. (2008). Adaptive memory: Remembering with a stone-age brain. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(4), 239–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00582.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. S., & Pandeirada, J. N. S. (2010). Adaptive memory: Ancestral priorities and the mnemonic value of survival processing. Cognitive Psychology, 61(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2010.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. S., & Pandeirada, J. N. S. (2016). Adaptive memory: The evolutionary significance of survival processing. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 496–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. S., Pandeirada, J. N. S., & Thompson, S. R. (2008). Adaptive memory: The comparative value of survival processing. Psychological Science, 19(2), 176–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02064.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. S., Thompson, S. R., & Pandeirada, J. N. S. (2007). Adaptive memory: Survival processing enhances retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(2), 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.33.2.263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nairne, J. S., VanArsdall, J. E., Pandeirada, J. N. S., & Blunt, J. R. (2012). Adaptive memory: Enhanced location memory after survival processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(2), 495–501. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nørby, S. (2015). Why forget? On the adaptive value of memory loss. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(5), 551–578. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615596787
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otgaar, H., Smeets, T., & van Bergen, S. (2010). Picturing survival memories: Enhanced memory after fitness-relevant processing occurs for verbal and visual stimuli. Memory & Cognition, 38(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.38.1.23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, A., Parkin, A., & Dagnall, N. (2021). Effects of survival processing on list method directed forgetting. Memory (Hove, England), 29(5), 645–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2021.1931338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastötter, B., Kliegl, O., & Bäuml, K. H. T. (2012). List-method directed forgetting: The forget cue improves both encoding and retrieval of postcue information. Memory & Cognition, 40(6), 861–873. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-012-0206-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastötter, B., Tempel, T., & Bäuml, K.-H. T. (2017). Long-term memory updating: The reset-of-encoding hypothesis in list-method directed forgetting. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 2076. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinlan, C. K., Taylor, T. L., & Fawcett, J. M. (2010). Directed forgetting: Comparing pictures and words. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Expérimentale, 64(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roediger, H. L. (1974). Inhibiting effects of recall. Memory & Cognition, 2(2), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03208993
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roediger, H. L., & Schmidt, S. R. (1980). Output interference in the recall of categorized and paired-associate lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6(1), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.6.1.91
   Google Scholar
• Rohrer, D., & Wixted, J. T. (1994). An analysis of latency and interresponse time in free recall. Memory & Cognition, 22(5), 511–524. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03198390
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahakyan, L. (2004). Destructive effects of “forget” instructions. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11(3), 555–559. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahakyan, L., & Delaney, P. F. (2003). Can encoding differences explain the benefits of directed forgetting in the list method paradigm? Journal of Memory and Language, 48(1), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00524-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahakyan, L., & Delaney, P. F. (2005). Directed forgetting in incidental learning and recognition testing: Support for a two-factor account. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31(4), 789–801. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.4.789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahakyan, L., Delaney, P. F., Foster, N. L., & Abushanab, B. (2013). List-method directed forgetting in cognitive and clinical research: A theoretical and methodological review. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 59, pp. 131–190). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sahakyan, L., Delaney, P. F., & Goodmon, L. B. (2008a). Oh, honey, I already forgot that: Strategic control of directed forgetting in older and younger adults. Psychology and Aging, 23(3), 621–633. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahakyan, L., Delaney, P. F., & Waldum, E. R. (2008b). Intentional forgetting is easier after two "shots" than one. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34(2), 408–414. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.34.2.408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahakyan, L., & Foster, N. L. (2009). Intentional forgetting of actions: Comparison of list-method and item-method directed forgetting. Journal of Memory and Language, 61(1), 134–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2009.02.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahakyan, L., & Kelley, C. M. (2002). A contextual change account of the directed forgetting effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(6), 1064–1072. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.28.6.1064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahakyan, L., Waldum, E. R., Benjamin, A. S., & Bickett, S. P. (2009). Where is the forgetting with list-method directed forgetting in recognition? Memory & Cognition, 37(4), 464–476. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.37.4.464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scofield, J. E., Buchanan, E. M., & Kostic, B. (2018). A meta-analysis of the survival-processing advantage in memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(3), 997–1012. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1346-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheard, E. D., & MacLeod, C. M. (2005). List method directed forgetting: Return of the selective rehearsal account. In N. Ohta, C. M. Mac- Leod, & B. Uttl (Eds.), Dynamic cognitive processes (pp. 219–248). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Storm, B. C. (2011). The benefit of forgetting in thinking and remembering. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(5), 291–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411418469
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storm, B. C., & Levy, B. J. (2012). A progress report on the inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting. Memory & Cognition, 40(6), 827–843. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-012-0211-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, P., Ensor, T. M., Hockley, W. E., Harrison, G. W., & Wilson, D. E. (2020). In support of selective rehearsal: Double-item presentation in item-method directed forgetting. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 27(3), 529–535. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01723-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, T. L., Cutmore, L., & Pries, L. (2018). Item-method directed forgetting: Effects at retrieval? Acta Psychologica, 183, 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troyer, A. K., Moscovitch, M., & Winocur, G. (1997). Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: Evidence from younger and older healthy adults. Neuropsychology, 11(1), 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.11.1.138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unsworth, N. (2007). Individual differences in working memory capacity and episodic retrieval: Examining the dynamics of delayed and continuous distractor free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(6), 1020–1034. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.33.6.1020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner, B., & Reed, H. (1969). Effects of the instructional sets to remember and to forget on short-term retention: Studies of rehearsal control and retrieval inhibition (repression). Journal of Experimental Psychology, 79(2, Pt.1), 226–232. doi:10.1037/h0026951
   Google Scholar