977
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The status of metalinguistic knowledge in instructed adult L2 learning

&
Pages 165-181 | Received 31 Jul 2008, Accepted 04 Feb 2009, Published online: 29 Jul 2009

References

  • Alderson , J. C. , Clapham , C. and Steel , D. 1997 . Metalinguistic knowledge, language aptitude and language proficiency . Language Teaching Research. , 1 : 93 – 121 .
  • Anderson , J. R. 2005 . Cognitive psychology and its implications, , 6th ed. , New York : Worth Publishers .
  • Baddeley , A. D. 2000 . The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 4 : 417 – 423 .
  • Baddeley , A. D. and Logie , R. H. 1999 . “ Working memory: The multiple-component model ” . In Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control , Edited by: Miyake , A. and Shah , P. 28 – 61 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Bialystok , E. 1979 . Explicit and implicit judgements of L2 grammaticality . Language Learning. , 29 : 81 – 103 .
  • Bialystok , E. 1994 . Analysis and control in the development of second language proficiency . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 16 : 157 – 168 .
  • Bialystok , E. 2001 . Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, and cognition , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Bialystok , E. and Ryan , E. B. 1985 . Toward a definition of metalinguistic skill . Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. , 31 : 229 – 251 .
  • Birdsong , D. 1989 . Metalinguistic performance and interlinguistic competence , Berlin : Springer .
  • Butler , Y. G. 2002 . Second language learners' theories on the use of English articles: An analysis of the metalinguistic knowledge used by Japanese students in acquiring the English article system . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 24 : 451 – 480 .
  • Carroll , J. B. 1962 . “ The prediction of success in intensive foreign language training ” . In Training research and education , Edited by: Glaser , R. 87 – 136 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Carroll , J. B. 1990 . “ Cognitive abilities in foreign language aptitude: Then and now ” . In Language aptitude reconsidered , Edited by: Parry , T. S. and Stansfield , C. W. 11 – 29 . Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Carroll , J. B. 1993 . Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Carroll , J. B. and Sapon , S. 2002 . Modern language aptitude test: MLAT , N. Bethesda, MD : Second Language Testing Inc .
  • Collentine , J. 2000 . Insights into the construction of grammatical knowledge provided by user-behavior tracking technologies . Language Learning and Technology. , 3 : 44 – 57 .
  • Colman , A. and Pulford , B. 2006 . A crash course in SPSS for Windows, , 3rd ed. , Malden, MA : Blackwell .
  • Daneman , M. and Carpenter , P. A. 1980 . Individual differences in working memory and reading . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. , 19 : 450 – 466 .
  • DeKeyser , R. M. 2003 . “ Implicit and explicit learning ” . In The handbook of second language acquisition , Edited by: Doughty , C. J. and Long , M. H. 313 – 348 . Malden, MA : Blackwell .
  • DeKeyser , R. M. 2005 . What makes learning second-language grammar difficult? A review of issues . Language Learning. , 55 : 1 – 25 .
  • Dörnyei , Z. 2005 . The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Dörnyei , Z. and Skehan , P. 2003 . “ Individual differences in second language learning ” . In The handbook of second language acquisition , Edited by: Doughty , C. J. and Long , M. H. 589 – 630 . Malden, MA : Blackwell .
  • Ehrman , M. E. and Oxford , R. L. 1995 . Cognition plus: Correlates of language learning success . Modern Language Journal. , 79 : 67 – 89 .
  • Elder , C. and Manwaring , D. 2004 . The relationship between metalinguistic knowledge and learning outcomes among undergraduate students of Chinese . Language Awareness. , 13 : 145 – 162 .
  • Elder , C. , Warren , J. , Hajek , J. , Manwaring , D. and Davies , A. 1999 . Metalinguistic knowledge: How important is it in studying a language at university? . Australian Review of Applied Linguistics , 22 : 81 – 95 .
  • Ellis , R. 2004 . The definition and measurement of L2 explicit knowledge . Language Learning. , 54 : 227 – 275 .
  • Ellis , N. C. and Sinclair , S. G. 1996 . Working memory in the acquisition of vocabulary and syntax: Putting language in good order . The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 49A : 134 – 250 .
  • Erlam , R. 2005 . Language aptitude and its relationship to instructional effectiveness in second language acquisition . Language Teaching Research. , 9 : 147 – 171 .
  • Gathercole , S. E. and Thorn , A. S. C. 1998 . “ Phonological short-term memory and foreign language learning ” . In Foreign language learning: Psycholinguistic studies on training and retention , Edited by: Healy , A. F. and Bourne , L. E. 141 – 158 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Green , P. S. and Hecht , K. 1992 . Implicit and explicit grammar: An empirical study . Applied Linguistics. , 13 : 168 – 184 .
  • Harley , B. and Hart , D. 1997 . Language aptitude and second language proficiency in classroom learners of different starting ages . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 19 : 379 – 400 .
  • Harrington , M. and Sawyer , M. 1992 . L2 working memory capacity and L2 reading skill . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 14 : 25 – 38 .
  • Hatch , E. and Lazaraton , A. 1991 . The research manual: Design and statistics for applied linguistics , Boston, MA : Heinle & Heinle .
  • Hu , G. 2002 . Psychological constraints on the utility of metalinguistic knowledge in second language production . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 24 : 347 – 386 .
  • Hulstijn , J. H. 2005 . Theoretical and empirical issues in the study of implicit and explicit second-language learning: Introduction . Studies in Second Language Acquisition , 27 : 129 – 140 .
  • Jessner , U. 1999 . Metalinguistic awareness in multilinguals: Cognitive aspects of third language learning . Language Awareness. , 8 : 201 – 209 .
  • Jessner , U. 2006 . Linguistic awareness in multilinguals: English as a third language , Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press .
  • Just , M. A. and Carpenter , P. A. 1992 . A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory . Psychological Review. , 99 : 122 – 149 .
  • Klapper , J. and Rees , J. 2003 . Reviewing the case for explicit grammar instruction in the university foreign language learning context . Language Teaching Research. , 7 : 285 – 314 .
  • Macaro , E. and Masterman , L. 2006 . Does intensive explicit grammar instruction make all the difference? . Language Teaching Research , 10 : 297 – 327 .
  • McLaughlin , B. 1995 . Aptitude from an information-processing perspective . Language Testing. , 12 : 370 – 387 .
  • Miyake , A. and Friedman , N. P. 1998 . “ Individual differences in second language proficiency: Working memory as language aptitude ” . In Foreign language learning: Psycholinguistic studies on training and retention , Edited by: Healy , A. F. and Bourne , L. E. 339 – 364 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Pallant , J. 2005 . SPSS survival manual, , 2nd ed. , Maidenhead : Open University Press .
  • Ranta , L. 2002 . “ The role of learners' language analytic ability in the communicative classroom ” . In Individual differences and instructed language learning , Edited by: Robinson , P. 159 – 180 . Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
  • Renou , J. M. 2000 . Learner accuracy and learner performance: The quest for a link . Foreign Language Annals. , 33 : 168 – 180 .
  • Robinson , P. 2001 . Individual differences, cognitive abilities, aptitude complexes, and learning conditions in second language acquisition . Second Language Research. , 17 : 368 – 392 .
  • Robinson , P. 2005 . Aptitude and second language acquisition . Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. , 25 : 46 – 73 .
  • Roehr , K. 2006 . Metalinguistic knowledge in L2 task performance: A verbal protocol analysis . Language Awareness. , 15 : 180 – 198 .
  • Roehr , K. 2008a . Linguistic and metalinguistic categories in second language learning . Cognitive Linguistics , 19 : 67 – 106 .
  • Roehr , K. 2008b . Metalinguistic knowledge and language ability in university-level L2 learners . Applied Linguistics , 29 : 173 – 199 .
  • Sasaki , M. 1996 . Second language proficiency, foreign language aptitude, and intelligence , New York : Peter Lang .
  • Sawyer , M. and Ranta , L. 2001 . “ Aptitude, individual differences, and instructional design ” . In Cognition and second language instruction , Edited by: Robinson , P. 319 – 353 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Shah , P. and Miyake , A. 1999 . “ Models of working memory: An introduction ” . In Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control , Edited by: Miyake , A. and Shah , P. 1 – 27 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Skehan , P. 1986 . “ Cluster analysis and the identification of learner types ” . In Experimental approaches to second language learning , Edited by: Cook , V. 81 – 94 . Oxford : Pergamon .
  • Skehan , P. 1989 . Individual differences in second-language learning , London : Arnold .
  • Skehan , P. 1998 . A cognitive approach to language learning , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Skehan , P. 2002 . “ Theorising and updating aptitude ” . In Individual differences and instructed language learning , Edited by: Robinson , P. 69 – 94 . Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
  • Sorace , A. 1985 . Metalinguistic knowledge and language use in acquisition-poor environments . Applied Linguistics. , 6 : 239 – 254 .
  • Sparks , R. and Ganschow , L. 2001 . Aptitude for learning a foreign language . Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. , 21 : 90 – 111 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.