408
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Teachers’ metacognitive understanding of teaching science in English as a medium of instruction classes

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 284-303 | Received 07 Apr 2022, Accepted 18 Jan 2023, Published online: 13 Feb 2023

References

  • Ahearn, L. M. (2001). Language and agency. Annual Review of Anthropology, 30(1), 109–137. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.109
  • Aizawa, I., Rose, H., Thompson, G., & Curle, S. (2020). Beyond the threshold: Exploring English language proficiency, linguistic challenges, and academic language skills of Japanese students in an English medium instruction programme. Language Teaching Research, 136216882096551. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168820965510
  • An, J., Macaro, E., & Childs, A. (2021). Classroom interaction in EMI high schools: Do teachers who are native speakers of English make a difference? System, 98, 102482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102482
  • Artzt, A. F., & Armour-Thomas, E. (1998). Mathematics teaching as problem solving: A framework for studying teacher metacognition underlying instructional practice in mathematics. Instructional Science, 26(1–2), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003083812378
  • Bjork, R. A., Dunlosky, J., & Kornell, N. (2013). Self-regulated learning: Beliefs, techniques, and illusions. Annual review of Psychology, 64, 417–444. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143823
  • Briggs, J. G., Dearden, J., & Macaro, E. (2018). English medium instruction: Comparing teacher beliefs in secondary and tertiary education. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 8(3), 673–696. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2018.8.3.7
  • Cheung, K. K. C., & Tai, K. W. (2021). The use of intercoder reliability in qualitative interview data analysis in science education. Research in Science & Technological Education, 1–21.
  • Christie, F., & Derewianka, B. (2008). School discourse: Learning to write across the years of schooling. Continuum.
  • Dang, T. K. A., Bonar, G., & Yao, J. (2021). Professional learning for educators teaching in English-medium-instruction in higher education: A systematic review. Teaching in Higher Education, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1863350
  • de Graaff, R., Jan Koopman, G., Anikina, Y., Westhoff, G., & Koopman, G. J. (2007). An observation tool for effective L2 pedagogy in content and language integrated learning (CLIL). International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 10(5), 603–624. https://doi.org/10.2167/beb462.0
  • Dearden, J. (2015). English as a medium of instruction – a growing global phenomenon. https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/e484_emi_-_cover_option_3_final_web.pdf.
  • Desimone, L. M. (2009). Improving impact studies of teachers’ professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational Researcher, 38(3), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X08331140
  • Doiz, A., & Lasagabaster, D. (2020). Dealing with language issues in English-medium instruction at university: A comprehensive approach. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 23(3), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2020.1727409
  • Echevarria, J., Vogt, M., & Short, D. (2008). Making content comprehensible for English learners: The SIOP model. Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Echevarría, J., Vogt, M., & Short, D. (2008). Making content comprehensible for English learners: The SIOP model (3rd ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
  • Flavell, J. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906–911. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906
  • Foley, J. (2022). CLT using CEFR and EIL in Southeast Asia and East Asia in the English language classroom. RELC Journal, 53(1), 240–252.
  • García, O., & Li, W. (2014). Translanguaing: Language, bilingualism and education. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gibbs, G. R. (2018). Analyzing qualitative data (2nd ed.). Sage Pubilcation.
  • Hartman, H. J. (Ed.). (2001). Metacognition in learning and instruction: Theory, research and practice (Vol. 19). Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Hedman, C., & Magnusson, U. (2020). Teachers’ acts of legitimation in second language education in Swedish upper secondary schools. Language and Education, 34(6), 535–552. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2020.1775245
  • Hiver, P., Whiteside, Z., Sánchez Solarte, A. C., & Kim, C. J. (2021). Language teacher metacognition: Beyond the mirror. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 15(1), 52–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2019.1675666
  • Hoare, P. (2003). Effective teaching of science through English in Hong Kong secondary schools [Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong]. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/39139%5Cnhttp://medcontent.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id= https://doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.32.1.54
  • Huang, J., & Normandia, B. (2008). Comprehending and solving word problems in mathematics: Beyond key words. In Z. Fang & M. J. Schleppegrell (Eds.), Reading in Secondary content areas: A language-based pedagogy (pp. 66–83).University of Michigan Press.
  • Hu, J., & Gao, X. (2018). Self-regulated strategic writing for academic studies in an English-medium-instruction context. Language and Education, 32(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2017.1373804
  • Hu, J., & Gao, X. (2021). Understanding subject teachers’ language-related pedagogical practices in content and language integrated learning classrooms. Language Awareness, 30(1), 42–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2020.1768265
  • Jessner, U., & Allgäuer-Hackl, E. (2022). Metacognition in multilingual learning and teaching. AILA Review, 35(1), 12–37. https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.22010.jes
  • Jiang, Y., Ma, L., & Gao, L. (2016). Assessing teachers’ metacognition in teaching: The teacher metacognition inventory. Teaching and Teacher Education, 59, 403–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.07.014
  • Jiang, L., Zhang, L. J., & May, S. (2019). Implementing English-medium instruction (EMI) in China: Teachers’ practices and perceptions, and students’ learning motivation and needs. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 22(2), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1231166
  • Lee, I., & Mak, P. (2018). Metacognition and metacognitive instruction in second language writing classrooms. TESOL Quarterly, 52(4), 1085–1097. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.436
  • Liang, X., & Smith, S. W. (2012). Teaching language and content: Instructor strategies in a bilingual science class at a Chinese university. International Journal of Higher Education, 1(2), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v1n2p92
  • Liontas, J. I., & TESOL International Association. (2018). The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching, 8 Volume Set (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Llurda, E. (2013). English-medium instruction at universities: Global challenges. ELT Journal, 67(4), 497–500. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/cct045
  • Lo, Y. Y., & Macaro, E. (2012). The medium of instruction and classroom interaction: Evidence from Hong Kong secondary schools. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 15(1), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2011.588307
  • Macaro, E. (2018). English medium instruction. Oxford University Press.
  • Macaro, E., Curle, S., Pun, J., An, J., & Dearden, J. (2018). A systematic review of English medium instruction in higher education. Language Teaching, 51(1), 36–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444817000350
  • Macaro, E., & Han, S. (2020). English medium instruction in China’s higher education: Teachers’ perspectives of competencies, certification and professional development. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 41(3), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2019.1611838
  • Macaro, E., Tian, L., & Chu, L. (2020). First and second language use in English medium instruction contexts. Language Teaching Research, 24(3), 382–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168818783231
  • Margić, B. D., & Vodopija-Krstanović, I. (2018). Language development for English-medium instruction: Teachers’ perceptions, reflections and learning. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 35, 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2018.06.005
  • Nation, I. P., & Macalister, J. (2019). Language curriculum design. Routledge.
  • Nelson, T. O., Kruglanski, A. W., Jost, J. T., Yzerbyt, V. Y., Lories, G., & Dardenne, B. (1998). Knowing thyself and others: Progress in metacognitive social psychology. In. (Eds.), Metacognition: Cognitive and social dimensions (pp. 69–89). Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446279212.n5
  • O’Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning strategiesin second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press.
  • Paulsrud, B., Tian, Z., & Toth, J. (Eds.). (2021). English-medium instruction and translanguaging. Multilingual Matters.
  • Pérez Cañado, M. L. (2020). CLIL and elitism: myth or reality?. The Language Learning Journal, 48(1), 4–17.
  • Pintrich, P. R. (2002). The role of metacognitive knowledge in learning, teaching, and assessing. Theory into Practice, 41(4), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4104_3
  • Postholm, M. B. (2012). Teachers’ professional development: A theoretical review. Educational Research, 54(4), 405–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2012.734725
  • Probyn, M. (2006). Language and learning science in South Africa. Language and Education, 20(5), 391–414. https://doi.org/10.2167/le554.0
  • Pun, J., & Macaro, E. (2019). The effect of first and second language use on question types in English medium instruction science classrooms in Hong Kong. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 22(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2018.1510368
  • Pun, J., & Tai, K. W. H. (2021). Doing science through translanguaging: A study of translanguaging practices in secondary English as a medium of instruction science laboratory sessions. International Journal of Science Education, 1–28.
  • Pun, J., & Thomas, N. (2020). English medium instruction: Teachers’ challenges and coping strategies. ELT Journal, 74(3), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccaa024
  • Pun, J., Thomas, N., & Bowen, N. E. J. A. (2022). Questioning the sustainability of English-medium instruction policy in science classrooms: Teachers’ and students’ experiences at a Hong Kong secondary school. Sustainability, 14(4), 2168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042168
  • Richards, J. C., & Pun, J. (2021). A typology of English-medium instruction. RELC Journal, https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2019.1645872.
  • Schunk, D. H. (2008). Metacognition, self-regulation, and self-regulated learning: Research recommendations. Educational Psychology Review, 20(4), 463–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-008-9086-3
  • Simbolon, N. E., Oliver, R., & Mercieca, P. (2020). Lecturers’ perceptions of English medium instruction (EMI) practice at a University in Indonesia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 28(2), 1065–1081.
  • Spencer, J. (2021). Understanding EAL: International secondary school teachers’ experiences and attitudes in Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Journal of Research in International Education, 20(2), 171–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/14752409211033749
  • Stake, R. E. (1994). Case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 236–247). Sage.
  • Stryker, S. B., & Leaver, B. L. (Eds.). (1997). Content-based instruction in foreign language education: Models and methods. Georgetown University Press.
  • Tai, K. W., & Wei, L. (2020). Bringing the outside in: Connecting students’ out-of-school knowledge and experience through translanguaging in Hong Kong English medium instruction mathematics classes. System, 95, 102364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102364
  • Tan, M. (2011). Mathematics and science teachers’ beliefs and practices regarding the teaching of language in content learning. Language Teaching Research, 15(3), 325–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168811401153
  • Tatzl, D. (2011). English-medium masters’ programmes at an Austrian university of applied sciences: Attitudes, experiences and challenges. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 10(4), 252–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2011.08.003
  • Thompson, G., & Watkins, K. (2021). Academic language: Is this really (functionally) necessary? Language and Education, 35(6), 557–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2021.1896537
  • Vaish, V., & Subhan, A. (2015). Translanguaging in a reading class. International Journal of Multilingualism, 12(3), 338–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2014.948447
  • Veenman, M. V. J., van Hout-Wolters, B. H. A. M., & Afflerbach, P. (2006). Metacognition and learning: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Metacognition and Learning, 1(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-006-6893-0
  • Walker, E. (2010). Evaluation of a support intervention for senior secondary school English immersion. System, 38(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2009.12.005
  • Wenden, A. L. (1998). Metacognitive knowledge and language learning1. Applied Linguistics, 19(4), 515–537. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/19.4.515
  • Yuan, R. (2021). Promoting English-as-a-medium-of-instruction (EMI) teacher development in higher education: What can language specialists do and become?. RELC Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688220980173.
  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Yip, D. Y. (2004). Questioning skills for conceptual change in science instruction. Journal of Biological Education, 38(2), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2004.9655905
  • Yip, D. Y., Tsang, W. K., & Cheung, S. P. (2003). Evaluation of the effects of medium of instruction on the science learning of Hong Kong secondary students: Performance on the science achievement test. Bilingual Research Journal, 27(2), 295–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2003.10162808
  • Yzerbyt, V., Lories, G., & Dardenne, B. (1998). Metacognition: Cognitive and social dimensions. Sage Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446279212
  • Zhang, L. J. (2001). Awareness in reading: EFL students’ metacognitive knowledge of reading strategies in an acquisition-poor environment. Language Awareness, 10(4), 268–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658410108667039
  • Zhang, Y. (2021). Strategic use of L1 in Chinese EMI classrooms: A translanguaging perspective. In Wenli Tsou & Will Baker (Eds.), English-medium instruction translanguaging practices in Asia (pp. 101–118). Springer.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.