Publication Cover
Gender, Place & Culture
A Journal of Feminist Geography
Volume 20, 2013 - Issue 6
443
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Factory ‘nuns’: the ethnicization of migrant labor in the making of Tibetan carpets

“Monjas” de fábrica: La etnización del trabajo migratorio en la fabricación de alfombras tibetanas

工厂“女尼”:西藏地毯纺织移工的族裔化

Pages 754-772 | Published online: 02 Aug 2012

References

  • Balibar , Etienne . 1991 . “ Is there a ‘neo-racism’? ” . In Race, nation, class , Edited by: Balibar , Etienne and Wallerstein , Immanuel . 17 – 28 . London/New York : Verso .
  • Chan , K.W. 1996 . Post-Mao China: A two-class urban society in the making . International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 20 ( 1 ) : 134 – 50 .
  • Cheng , T. and Selden , M. 1994 . The origins and social consequences of China's hukou system . China Quarterly , 139 : 644 – 78 .
  • Childs , Geoff , Goldstein , Melvyn C. and Wangdui , Puchang . 2011 . Externally-resident daughters, social capital, and support for the elderly in rural Tibet . Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontol , 26 : 1 – 22 .
  • Chow , Rey . 2002 . The protestant ethnic and the spirit of capitalism , New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Davin , Delia . 1999 . Internal migration in contemporary China , New York : St. Martin's Press .
  • Dodin , Thierry and Räther , Heinz . 2001 . Imagining Tibet: Perceptions, projections, and fantasies , Boston, MA : Wisdom .
  • Fan , C. Cindy . 2008 . China on the move: Migration, the state, and the household , London/ New York : Routledge .
  • Fischer , Andrew Martin . 2005 . State growth and social exclusion in Tibet: Challenges of recent economic growth , Denmark : Nordic Institute of Asian Research Press .
  • Frechette , Ann . 2002 . Tibetans in Nepal: The dynamics of international assistance among a community in exile , New York/Oxford : Berghahn Books .
  • Gladney , Dru . 2003 . “ Foreword ” . In China's minorities on the move: Selected case studies , Edited by: Iredale , Robyn , Bilik , Naran and Guo , Fei . ix – xiv . New York : East Gate Book .
  • Goldstein , Melvyn C. , Jiao , Ben , Beall , Cynthia and Tsering , Phuntsog . 2003 . Development and change in rural Tibet: Problems and adaptations . Review of Contemporary Asian Affairs , XLIII ( 5 ) : 758 – 79 .
  • Goldstein , Melvyn C. , Childs , Geoff and Wangdui , Puchung . 2008 . Going for income: A longitudinal analysis of change in farming Tibet, 1997–98 to 2006–07 . Asian Survey , 48 ( 3 ) : 514 – 34 .
  • Hansen , Mette Halskov . 2005 . Frontier people: Han immigrants in minority areas of China , Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press/London: Hurst .
  • Heberer , Thomas . 2001 . “ Old Tibet a hell on earth? The myth of Tibet and Tibetans in Chinese art and propaganda ” . In Imagining Tibet: Perceptions, projections, and fantasies , Edited by: Dodin , Thierry and Räther , Heinz . 111 – 50 . Boston, MA : Wisdom .
  • Hess , Julia Meredith . 2009 . Immigrant ambassadors: Citizenship and belonging in the Tibetan diaspora , California : Stanford University Press .
  • Hu , Xiaojiang and Salazer , Miguel A. 2008 . Rurality, ethnicity, and status: Hukou and the institutional and cultural determinants of social status in Tibet . China Journal , 60 : 1 – 21 .
  • Iredale , Robyn , Bilik , Naran and Guo , Fei , eds. 2003 . China's minorities on the move: Selected case studies , New York : East Gate Book .
  • Jiangzi County Historical Editorial Team (JCHET) . 2004 . Jiangzi Xianzhi (Gyantse county history) , Beijing : China Tibetology Press .
  • Korom , Frank J. 1997 . Tibetan culture in the diaspora: Papers presented at a panel of the 7th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz 1995 , Ősterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Philosophischi-Historische Klasse, Denkschriften, 258. Band Wien : Verlag der Ősterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften .
  • Lee , Ching Kwan . 1998 . Gender and the south China miracle: Two worlds of factory women , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Levine , Nancy . 1987 . Caste, state, and ethnic boundaries in Nepal . Journal of Asian Studies , 46 ( 1 ) : 71 – 88 .
  • Maklay , Charlene . 1997 . The meaning of liberation: Representations of Tibetan women . The Tibet Journal , XII ( 2 ) : 30 – 59 .
  • Maklay , Charlene . 2007 . The violence of liberation: Gender and Tibetan Buddhist revival in post-Mao China , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • McGuckin , Eric . 1997 . Tibetan carpets: From folk art to global commodity . Journal of Material Culture , 2 ( 3 ) : 291 – 310 .
  • Oakes , Tim . 1999 . Bathing in the far village: Globalization, transnational capital, and the cultural politics of modernity in China . Positions , 7 ( 2 ) : 307 – 42 .
  • Oakes , Tim and Schein , Louisa , eds. 2006 . Translocal China: Linkages, identities, and the reimagining of space , London/New York : Routledge .
  • O'Neill , Tom . 1999 . The lives of the Tibeto-Nepalese carpet . Journal of Material Culture , 4 ( 1 ) : 21 – 38 .
  • O'Neill , Tom . 2004 . Weaving wages, indebtedness, and remittances in the Nepalese carpet industry . Human Organization , 63 ( 2 ) : 211 – 20 .
  • O'Neill , Tom . 2005 . “ Labor standard regulation and the modernization of small-scale carpet production in Kathmandu Nepal ” . In Pretty capitalists and globalization: Flexibility, entrepreneurship, and economic development , Edited by: Smart , Alan and Smart , Josephine . 201 – 25 . Albany, NY : State University of New York Press .
  • Pun , Ngai . 2004 . Engendering Chinese modernity: The sexual politics of Dagongmei in a dormitory labor regime . Asian Studies Review , 28 : 151 – 65 .
  • Schein , Louisa . 2000 . Minority rules: The Miao and the feminine in China's cultural politics , Durham : Duke University Press .
  • Schwartz , Ronald D. 1994 . Circle of protest: Political ritual in the Tibetan uprising , New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Shakya , Tesring . 1999 . The dragon in the land of snows: A history of modern Tibet since 1947 , New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Solinger , Dorothy J. 1999 . Contesting citizenship in urban China: Peasant migrants, the state, and the logic of the market , Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • UNICEF. 2009. On world day against child labour, one Nepali girl's story of a fresh start, http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/nepal_49982.html
  • Shuwen , Yang , Xu , An and Jianzan , Suolang . 1984 . Bod gyi grum rtse [Tibet's Carpets] , Tibet Autonomous Region Handicraft Industry Administration Lhasa : Internal Circulation .
  • TAR Women's Federation . 2005 . The Collection of the stories of Tibetan women in the new era , Lhasa : Tibet People's Publishing House .
  • The Delegate of the Swiss Federal Council for Technical Co-operation (an untitled note) . 1967 . Palette , 27 ( 27 ) : 3
  • Tsing , Anna . 2009 . Supply chains and the human condition . Rethinking Marxism , 21 ( 2 ) : 148 – 76 .
  • Wallerstein , Immanuel . 1991 . “ The ideological tensions of capitalism: Universalism versus racism and sexism ” . In Race, nation, class , Edited by: Balibar , Etienne and Wallerstein , Immanuel . 29 – 36 . London/New York : Verso .
  • West , Loraine A. and Zhao , Yaohui , eds. 2000 . Rural labor flows in China , Berkeley : Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California .
  • Wright , Melissa . 2006 . Disposable women and other myths of global capitalism , New York : Routledge .
  • Yeh , Emily . 2008 . “ Living together in Lhasa: Ethnic relations, coercive amity, and subaltern cosmopolitanism ” . In The other global city , Edited by: Mayaram , Shail . 54 – 85 . London/New York : Routledge .
  • Zhang , Li . 2001 . “ Contesting crime, order, and migrant spaces in Beijing ” . In China urban , Edited by: Chen , Nancy N. , Clark , Constance D. , Gottschang , Suzanne Z. and Jeffery , Lyn . 201 – 22 . Durham/London : Duke University Press .
  • Zhang , Tracy Ying . 2007 . Deaf-mutes, illiterates, and women: Ethnicity, gender, and labor policy in a Tibetan carpet factory . Feminist Media Studies , 7 ( 4 ) : 380 – 96 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.