Rethinking the value of unpaid care work: lessons from participatory visual research in central Tanzania

References

• ActionAid International. 2013. Making Care Visible: Women's Unpaid Care Work in Nepal, Nigeria, Uganda, and Kenya. Johannesburg: ActionAid International.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, Michèle. 1980. Women’s Oppression Today: Problems in Marxist-Feminist analysis. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Beauvoir, Simone de. 2011. The Second Sex. New York: Vintage Books.
   Google Scholar
• Benería, Lourdes. 2003. Gender, Development, and Globalization: Economic as if All People Mattered. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Blackden, C. Mark, and Quentin Wodon. 2006. “Gender, Time Use, and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa.” World Bank Working Paper, No. 73. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, Pierre. 1963. “The Attitude of the Algerian Peasant Toward Time.” In Mediterranean Countrymen: Essays in the Social Anthropology of the Mediterranean, edited by Julian Pitt-Riveres, 55–73. Paris and La Haye: Mouton & Co.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, Jenny, and Julie Katherine Gibson-Graham. 2003. “Feminising the Economy: Metaphors, Strategies, Politics.” Gender, Place & Culture 10 (2): 145–157. doi: 10.1080/0966369032000079569.
   Google Scholar
• Carney, Judith, and Nicholas Rosomoff. 2009. In the Shadow of Slavery: Africa's Botanical Legacy in the Atlantic World. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chung, Youjin Brigitte. 2017. “Engendering the New Enclosures: Development, Involuntary Resettlement and the Struggles for Social Reproduction in Coastal Tanzania.” Development and Change 48 (1): 98–120. doi: 10.1111/dech.12288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, Patricia Hill. 2000. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Daigle, Megan, Jessica Woodroffe, and Rachel Moussié. 2017. Sharing the Load: Unpaid Care Work and Women's Economic Empowerment. Gender & Development Network Briefings. London: Gender & Development Network.
   Google Scholar
• Dill, Bonnie Thornton. 1988. “Our Mothers' Grief: Racial Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families.” Journal of Family History 13 (4): 415–431. doi: 10.1177/036319908801300404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastman, Carol M. 1994. “Service, Slavery ('Utumwa') and Swahili Social Reality.” AAP 37 (1994): 87–107.
   Google Scholar
• Elson, Diane. 2017. “Recognize, Reduce, and Redistribute Unpaid Care Work: How to Close the Gender Gap.” New Labor Forum 26 (2): 52–61. doi: 10.1177/1095796017700135.
   Google Scholar
• Esquivel, Valeria. 2013. “Care in Households and Communities: Background Paper on Conceptual Issues.” Oxfam Research Reports, October. Oxford: Oxfam.
   Google Scholar
• Fälth, Anna, and Mark Blackden. 2009. “Unpaid Care Work. UNDP Policy Brief: Gender Equality and Poverty Reduction.” Issue 1, October. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
   Google Scholar
• Federici, Silvia. 2012. Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle. Oakland and Brooklyn: PM Press, Common Notions, Autonomedia.
   Google Scholar
• Ferrant, Gaëlle, Luca Maria Pescando, and Keiko Nowacka. 2014. Unpaid Care Work: The Missing Link in the Analysis of Gender Haps in Labour Outcomes. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
   Google Scholar
• Folbre, Nancy. 2006. “Measuring Care: Gender, Empowerment, and the Care Economy.” Journal of Human Development 7 (2): 183–199. doi: 10.1080/14649880600768512.
   Google Scholar
• Fontana, Marzia, and Luisa Natali. 2008. “Gendered Patterns of Time Use in Tanzania: Public Investment in Infrastructure Can Help.” Paper Prepared for the IFPRI Project on Evaluating the Long-Term Impact of Gender-focused Policy Interventions. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson-Graham, Julie Katherine. 1996. The End of Capitalism (As We Knew It): A Feminist Critique of Political Economy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson-Graham, Julie Katherine. 2006. A Postcapitalist Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Glassman, Jonathon. 1991. “The Bondsman's New Clothes: The Contradictory Consciousness of Slave Resistance on the Swahili Coast.” The Journal of African History 32 (2): 277–312. (doi: 10.1017/S0021853700025731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. 1992. “From Servitude to Service Work: Historical Continuities in the Racial Division of Paid Reproductive Labor.” Signs 18 (1): 1–43. doi: 10.1086/494777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochschild, Arlie Russell. 2000. “Global Care Chains and Emotional Surplus Value.” In Global Capitalism, edited by Will Hutton and Anthony Giddens, 130–146. New York: New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hodgson, Dorothy Louise. 1999. “Pastoralism, Patriarchy and History: Changing Gender Relations among Maasai in Tanganyika, 1890–1940.” The Journal of African History 40 (1): 41–65. doi: 10.1017/S0021853798007397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgson, Dorothy Louise. 2017. “Africa from the Margins.” African Studies Review 60 (2): 37–49. doi: 10.1017/asr.2017.47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooks, Bell. 1984. Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. Boston: South End Press.
   Google Scholar
• ILO. 2009. Give Girls a Chance: Tackling Child Labour, a Key to the Future. Geneva: International Labour Office.
   Google Scholar
• Ingold, Tim. 1993. “The Temporality of the Landscape.” World Archaeology 25 (2): 152–174. doi: 10.1080/00438243.1993.9980235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokole, Omari H. 1994. “Time, Language, and the Oral Tradition: An African Perspective.” In Time in the Black Experience, edited by Joseph K. Adijaye, 35–54. Wesport: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lal, Priya. 2010. “Militants, mothers, and the National Family: Ujamaa, Gender, and Rural Development in Postcolonial Tanzania.” The Journal of African History 51 (1): 1–20. (doi: 10.1017/S0021853710000010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lázaro, Reyes. 1986. “Feminism and Motherhood: O'Brien vs Beauvoir.” Hypatia 1 (2): 87–102. doi: 10.1111/j.1527-2001.1986.tb00839.x.
   Google Scholar
• Martiniello, Giuliano. 2015. “Social Struggles in Uganda's Acholiland: Understanding Responses and Resistance to Amuru Sugar Works.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 42 (3–4): 653–669. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2015.1032269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazrui, Alamin, and Lupenga Mphande. 1994. “Time and Labor in Colonial Africa: The Case of Kenya and Malawi.” In Time in the Black Experience, edited by Joseph K. Adijaye, 97–120. Westport: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mbilinyi, Marjorie. 1985. “'City' and 'Countryside' in Colonial Tanganyika.” Economic and Political Weekly 20 (43): WS88–WS96.
   Google Scholar
• McKinsey Global Institute. 2015. The Power of Parity: How Advancing Women's Equality can Add $12 Trillion to Global Growth. New York: McKinsey & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Mies, Maria. 1986. Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Mohun, Rachel, and Smita Biswas. 2016. Infrastructure: A Game-Changer for Women's Economic Empowerment. A Background Paper for the UN Secretary-General's High-Level Panel on Women's Economic Empowerment. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Nanni, Giordano. 2012. The Colonisation of Time: Ritual, Routine, and Resistance in the British Empire. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oyěwùmí, Oyèrónkẹ́. 2016. What Gender is Motherhood? Changing Yoruba Ideals of Power, Procreation, and Identity in the Age of Modernity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Parrenas, Rhacel Salazar. 2000. “Migrant Filipina Domestic Workers and the International Division of Reproductive Labor.” Gender & Society 14 (4): 560–580.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polanyi, Karl. 2001. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. 3rd ed. Boston: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rai, Shirin M, Benjamin D. Brown, and Kanchana N. Ruwanpura. 2019. “SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth: A Gendered Analysis.” World Development 113: 368–380.
   Google Scholar
• SIDA. 2009. Quick Guide to What and How: Unpaid Care Work. Entry Points to Recognise, Reduce and Redistribute. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Snyder, Katherine A. 2006. “Mothers on the March: Iraq Women Negotiating the Public Sphere in Tanzania.” Africa Today 53 (1): 79–100. doi: 10.1353/at.2006.0064.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, E. P. 1967. “Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism.” Past and Present 38 (1): 56–97. doi: 10.1093/past/38.1.56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2015. “Sustainable Development Goal 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls.” United Nations Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg5.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2016a. Indicators for Global Monitoring on the Sustainable Development Goals and Targets. Goal 5 Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2016b. “Leave No One Behind: A Call to Action for Gender Equality and Women's Economic Empowerment.” Report of the UN Secretary-General's High-Level panel on Women's Economic Empowerment. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Women. 2015. Progress of the World’s Women 2015–2016: Transforming Economies, Realizing rights. New York: United Nations Women.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Women. 2016. Women and Sustainable Development Goals. New York: United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women).
   Google Scholar
• United Republic of Tanzania. 2016. Singida Region. Basic Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile. 2012 Population and Housing Census. Dares Salaam: National Bureau of Statistics, United Republic of Tanzania.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Caroline, and Mary Ann Burris. 1997. “Photovoice: Concept, Methodology, and Use for Participatory Needs Assessment.” Health Education & Behavior 24 (3): 369–387. doi: 10.1177/109019819702400309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waring, Marilyn. 1988. Counting for Nothing: What Men Value and What Women are Worth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
   Google Scholar
• Woodroffe, Jessica, and Kate Donald. 2014. “Unpaid Care: A Priority for the Post-2015 Development Goals and Beyond.” Gender & Development Network Briefings 6: 1–23.
   Google Scholar