Adapting to the Stalinist Order: Alexander Dovzhenko's Psychological Journey, 1933–1953

References

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• Others may have prepared the remarks that Stalin delivered on 30 January 1944 condemning Dovzhenko. Aleksandr Shcherbakov, the Political Commissar of the Armed Forces and head of the Central Committee's Agitation and Propaganda Committee, or his office may have written them. Compare I. V. Stalin, Ob antileninskikh oshibkakh i natsionalisticheskik h izvrashcheniyakh v kino povesti Dovzhenko "Ukraina v ogne" ', Iskusstvo kino, 1990, 4, pp. 89-95; RTsKhIDNI, f. 17, op. 125, d. 293, 11. 20-35; and RGALI, f. 2081, op. 1, d. 140. Shcherbakov may have received his information on Dovzhenko's activities from others, possibly Aleksandr Komiichuk, the filmmaker's sworn enemy, and from Ivan Bolshakov, the head of the Main Cinema Administration. On the latter see I. Bolshakov, 'Spohady', Dnipro, 1994, 9-10, p. 69.
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• Dovzhenko's activities in the autumn of 1932 and early 1933 remain unclear. I have tried to fill in his 'blank spots' in George O. Liber, Alexander Dovzhenko: A Life in Soviet Film (London, British Film Institute, Forthcoming).
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• Ibid.
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• Ibid., p. 116.
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• Ibid.
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• Bodyk . Dzherela velykoho kino 107 Shortly before his own death in November 1956 Dovzhenko expressed his pleasure that the party had rehabilitated Dubovy.
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• Kepley, pp. 122-123. For an analysis of the evolution of this Soviet russocentric etatism see David Brandenberger, "The "Short Course" to Modernity: Stalinist History Textbooks, Mass Culture, and the Formation of Popular Russian National Identity, 1934-1956', unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1999, chapters 3-6.
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• Hoshulyak , I. L. 1989 . Ukrains 'kyi istorychnyi zhurnal, 1985, 6, cited in Oleksander Fesenko, 'Yak tvoryvsya mif pro "ukrains'koho Chapaeva" ' . Literatuma Ukraina , 17 August : 8 The most popular interpretation of Shchors appeared in BoI'shaya sovetskaya, entsiklopediya, cited hereafter as BSE, 2nd edition, vol. 48 (Moscow, 1957), p. 277
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• The documents compiled by the Cheka and the NKVD on Dovzhenko were published only recently (unfortunately, not completely) in Ukraine: 'Zaklyuchenie po delu No. 112 na Dovzhenko Aleksandra Petrovicha, 25 let' and 'Sovershenno sekretno. Spravka', in Popyk (ed.), 'Pid sofitamy sekretnykh sluzhb', pp. 237, 237-239, 241, 242; and Popyk (ed.), 'Pid sofitamy VChK-DPU-NKVS-NKDB-KDB', pp. 21-60.
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• Ibid p. 274.
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• Ibid.
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• On the history of Dovzhenko's production of this film see George O. Liber, 'Dovzhenko, Stalin, and the (Re) Creation of Shchors', Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 21, 3-4, 1997, pp. 271-286.
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• Dovzhenko became a member of the Communist Party of Ukraine in early 1920 under mysterious circumstances. In the summer of 1923, when he was studying in Germany, the party did not renew his membership. See Liber, Alexander Dovzhenko, chapters 2-3.
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