The End of Rationing in the Soviet Union, 1934-1935

References

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• The realised market fund of both food products and industrial goods was far less than planned (see Itogi … po tovarooborotu, March 1934, pp. 14-17; food products are given in kind, and non-food products in 1934 wholesale prices of industry). Retail trade in current prices was reported as slightly less than planned (see ibid., p. 24).
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• RTsKhIDNI, 17/162/16, 18, no. 148/128 dated 17 March. The amount eventually sold commercially was 1 771 000 tons (Itogi … po tovarooborotu, July 1935, pp. 16-17).
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• RGAE, 7971/2/8, 134; this is a draft decree of Sovnarkom dated [197] September 1934. For other examples of the sale of goods at illegally high prices see Malafeev (1964), pp. 197-199.
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• In Moscow the price of a kilogram of rye bread on the kolkhoz market in the first six months of the year varied between Ir85 and 2r, compared with the commercial price of Ir50 (see the data for Moscow and other towns in Tovarooborot SSSR za mai 1934, pp. 36-37).
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• 1960 . Vneshnyaya torgovlya za 1918-1940gg. 144 Moscow Grain exports amounted to 769 000 tons in 1934 (primarily from the 1934 harvest)compared with 1 684 000 in the previous year
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• See Stalin's appointments diary in Istoricheskii arkhiv, 1995, 3, pp. 142-143. The first two meetings took place on 3 and 5 November. On 3 November the Politburo, again bez protokola, established a high-level commission to prepare the reform within one week; the commission comprised Molotov (chairman), Kaganovich, Kirov, Zhdanov, Mikoyan, Mezhlauk, M. Belen'ky, Grin'ko, Kleiner, Zelensky, Veitser, Shvernik and Veinberg (APRF, 3/43/51, 57).
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• KPSS v rezolyutsiyakh, volume Ill (1954), pp. 256-260; the resolution first appeared in Pravda, 29 November 1934. In the discussion of the resolution, Stalin, in spite of his earlier criticism of Razumov, endorsed his proposal to vary bread prices, commenting that it would `make the transition more flexible' (RTsKhIDNI, 17/2/529, 78).
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• Narodno-khozyaistvennyi plan … 1936 (1936), pp. 432-3; Promyshlennost' SSSR (1936), p. 584. 1 ton of flour produces approximately 1.4 tons of bread.
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• See quarterly data for 1934 in Itogi … po tovarooborotu, July 1935, pp. 16-17, and for 1935 in Osnovnye pokazateli vypolneniya narodno-khozyaistvennogo plana [hereafter Osnovnye pokazateli] 1935 (1936), p. 225.
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• Narodno-khozyaistvennyi plan … 1936 (1936), pp. 392-395, reporting the 1935 plan. The 1935 plan as published in May 1935 gave the cost increase for all-Union industry as 21.4%, but did not give a figure for industry as a whole (Narodnokhozyaistvennyi plan … 1935 (1935), p. 659).
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• Narodnokhozyaistvennyi plan … 1935 (1935), pp. 442-443, 642-643; for the investment plan see GARF, 5446/57/33, 223-6 (Sovnarkom decree dated 16 December, art. 2721).
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• RGAE, 7733/13/184, 28-9 (unsigned memorandum on 'The Balance of Incomes and Expenditures of the Population in the 3rd Quarter of 1935', transmitted 7 June).
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• See the Gosplan report dated 29 April 1938, signed by M. Bogolepov (RGAE, 4372/92/159, 71-57)
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• 1934 . Izvestiya , 22 December Bukharin was the editor of Izvestiya
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• Rimmel , L. A. 1997 . `Another Kind of Fear: Kirov's Murder and the End of Bread Rationing in Leningrad' . Slavic Review , 56 : 494 see also the housewife's comment reported on p. 496; and S. Davies (1997), p. 140
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• Davies , S. Popular Opinion …. 29
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• Rimmel, p. 493.
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• Rimmel, pp. 483-484.
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• Ibid., p. 491.
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• Ibid., p. 497.
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• Ibid., pp. 485, 487-488. For hostile and favourable comments on the end of bread rationing recorded in the NKVD files see also Osokina, Zafasadom …. pp. 180-181.
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• 1934 . Ekonomicheskaya zhizn' , 27 December
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• 1934 . Ekonomicheskaya zhizn' , 30 December (G. Kos'yachenko)
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• GARF, 5446/16a/329, 47-9, 59. See also Osokina, Zafasadom …. p. 182, citing NKVD reports on the very widespread reintroduction of forms of local rationing in the first few months of 1935.
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• Narodno-khozyaistvennyi plan na 1936 god (Moscow, 1936), p. 332. For much higher figures for both years see Table 7(b).
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