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Original Articles

Education Reform in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan: Sovereignty Projects in Post-Soviet Russia

Pages 611-632 | Published online: 02 Jul 2010

References

  • Barnett , Michael . 1996 . “ 'Sovereignty, Nationalism, and Regional Order in the Arab States System' ” . In State Sovereignty as Social Construct Edited by: Biersteker , Thomas J. and Weber , Cynthia . 148 – 189 . 176 – 177 . Cambridge
  • Teague , Elizabeth . 1994 . 'Russia and Tatarstan Sign Power-sharing Treaty' . RFE/RL Research Report , 3 ( 14 ) 8 April : 19 – 27 . Both republics have signed treaty-type agreements with the Russian Federal centre, Tatarstan in February 1994, Bashkortostan in August 1994. The interpretation of the agreements remains different in Moscow and the republics, with the republics asserting that the treaties enshrine their sovereign statehood and Moscow asserting that they enshrine the republics' status as member units of the Russian Federation. On the treaty with Tatarstan, see
  • 1997 . Suverennyi Tatarstan Moscow The text of the treaty is available in English in
  • 1995 . Bashkortostan: Vybor Puti Ufa The text of the agreement with Bashkortostan is available in
  • 1994 . Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press , 31 : 14 – 15 . The agreement with Bashkortostan is also discussed in
  • Farukshin , M. Kh. 1994 . 'Politicheskaya elita v Tatarstane' . Politicheskie issledovaniya , 5-6 : 67 – 79 .
  • Gallyamov , R. R. 1997 . “ 'Natsional'naya politika v sovremennom Bashkortostane' ” . In Resursy mobilizovannoi etnichnosti Edited by: Guboglo , M. N. 147 – 160 . Moscow and Ufa
  • Black , C. E. , ed. 1956 . Rewriting Russian History: Soviet Interpretations of Russia's Past New York
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  • 1992 . 'Konflikt blizko ot razresheniya' . Leninits (Ufa) , 24 November : 2
  • 1996 . Vestnik Akademii Nauk Respubliki Bashkortostan , 1 ( 2 ) : 3 However, not all of the ANRB institutes have yet removed their old UNTsRAN placards. The President of the ANRB has dismissed this as a formality, saying that 'There is only one Academy of Sciences in Bashkortostan, the ANRB. The UNTsRAN institutes in Bashkortostan are fully part of the ANRB'. See
  • Makhmutov , M. 1991 . 'Nuzhno Ii nam svoya Akademiya?' . Sovetskaya Tatariya , 2 January : 2
  • Khasanov , M. Kh. 1993 . 'Prioritet--interesy respubliki' . Sovetskaya Tatariya , 13 February : 3
  • 1994 . 'Ukaz Prezidenta Respubliki Bashkortostan o dal'neishem sovershenstvovanii de yatel'nosti Akademii Nauk Respubliki Bashkortostan' . Sovetskaya Bashkiriya , 27 October : 1
  • Rakhimov , Murtaza . 1994 . 'Vystuplenie Prezidenta Respubliki Bashkortostan na zasedanii Kabineta Ministrov' . Sovetskaya Bashkiriya , 29 July : 2 and Khasanov, 'Prioritet . '
  • 1996 . 'Pyatiletnii aksakal' . Vestnik: Informatsionnyi byulleten' Ministerstva Obrazovaniya Respubliki Tatarstan , 1-2 : 79 – 80 . Author's interview with M. Kh. Valeev, Director of publishing house Magarif, Kazan', 12 August 1995
  • 1996 . `Otkrytoe pis'mo deyatelei nauki i kul'tury Tatarstana Prezidentu M. Shaimievu' . KRIS , 17 May : 1
  • 1996 . 'Kak nam pisat' svoyu istoriyu?' . Idel , 3-4 : 40 – 45 .
  • 1997 . 'Tatarskaya istoriya budet napisana po-Tatarski' . Idel , : 24 – 27 .
  • 1997 . Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan , 20 February and author's notes from seminar held in Kazan' at the
  • Khisamitdinova , F. G. 1996 . 'O usloviyakh natsional'nogo obrazovaniya' . Sovetskaya Bashkiriya , 5 April : 3
  • Khisamitdinova , F. G. 1996 . 'Shkola: vchera, segodnya, zavtra' . Bashkortostan Ukytyysyhy , 10 : 6 – 16 .
  • Mazhitov , N. A. 1996 . 'Bez podderzhki, nauk ne razvit'sya' . Izvestiya Bashkortostana , 13 March : 3
  • Gaifullin , V. G. 1996 . 'Podkhody k natsional'nomu obrazovaniyu' . Informatsionno-metodicheskii byulleten' Apparata Prezidenta Respubliki Tatarstan , 8 : 45 – 47 .
  • 1992 . 'Zakon Respubliki Bashkortostan: Ob obrazovanii' . Sovetskaya Bashkiriya , 10 December : 1 – 4 .
  • 1993 . Ministerstvo Obrazovaniya Respubliki Bashkortostan(MORB), Programma razvitiya obrazovaniya Respubliki Bashkortostan na 1993-1998g. Ufa
  • Khisamitdinova , F. G. 1997 . 'Obrazovaniya v Bashkortostane: prioritetnye napravleniya' . Bashkortostan Ukytyysyhy , 5 : 3 – 7 .
  • Ministerstvo Obrazovaniya Respubliki Tatarstan (MORT) . 1991 . 'Uchebnye plany srednikh obshcheobrazovatel'nykh shkol TSSR 1991/1992' . Magarif , 7 : 21 – 25 .
  • MORT, 'Uchebnye plany'.
  • 1991 . Language use statistics taken from the 1989 Census of the USSR, Natsional'nyi Sostav Naseleniya SSSR 38 – 39 . Moscow
  • Saiganova , S. 1993 . 'Na kafedre--tol'ko ob"yatiya' . Izvestiya Tatarstana , 24 September : 3
  • Ministerstvo Obrazovaniya Respubliki Tatarstan (MORT), Prikaz 270, issued 24 October 1994, Kazan' (author's copy).
  • See RFE/RL Newsline On-Line News Report, 3, 15, 22 January 1999.
  • 1994 . Sovetskaya Bashkiriya , 13 August : 1 Author's interview with R. F. Abdullin, Head of sector on National Education in the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, 17 June 1997;
  • Ibid.
  • 1991 . Language use statistics taken from the 1989 Census of the USSR, Natsional'nyi Sostav Naseleniya SSSR 334 – 335 . Moscow
  • Solnick , Steven L. 1996 . 'The breakdown of hierarchies in the Soviet Union and China' . World Politics , 48 ( 1 ) : 209 – 238 .
  • Khisamitdinova , F. G. , Sharipova , Z. Ya. and Nagaeva , L. G. 1992 . Rodnoi Bashkortostan: Nauchnopopulyarnoe izdanie Kursu 'Istoriya, Literatura, i Kul'tura Bashkortostana' Ufa
  • See Taylor, Multiculturalism and Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship.
  • Brubaker , Rogers . 1997 . Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe Cambridge
  • See Taylor, Multiculturalism and Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship.
  • ttauslohner , Peter . 1987 . 'Gorbachev's Social Contract' . Soviet Economy , 3 ( 1 ) : 54 – 89 .
  • Mann , Michael . 1993 . 'Nation-states in Europe and other continents: Diversifying and developing, not dying' . Daedalus , Summer : 115 – 140 .
  • Gottlieb , Gidon . 1993 . Nations Against State New York
  • Keating , Michael . 1996 . Nations Against the State: The New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia, and Scotland London
  • See Habermas, 'The European Nation-State'.
  • Ibid.
  • Fakhrutdinov , I. 1993 . 'Smogut Ii nashi universitety vyzhit'?' . Respublika Tatarstan , 2 October : 3
  • Taylor , Charles . 1994 . Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Representation, , 2nd edition Princeton
  • Kymlicka , Will . 1995 . Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights Oxford
  • Habermas , Jurgen . 1996 . “ 'The European Nation-State: Its Achievements and its Limits' ” . In Mapping the nation Edited by: Balakrishnan , Gopal . 281 – 294 . London
  • Yack , Bernard . 1996 . 'The Myth of Civic Nationalism' . Critical Review , 10 ( 2 ) : 193 – 211 . (first published in Ratio Jurus, 9, 2, July 1996); and
  • Bilinsky, p. 415.
  • Ministerstvo Obrazovaniya Respubliki Tatarstan (MORT) . 1991 . 'Kontseptsiya razvitiya Tatarskogo obrazovaniya' . Panorama , 8 : 15 – 30 .
  • Ibid.
  • Gaifullin , V. G. 1995 . 'Shkola zavtrashnego dnya' . Tatarstan , 7-8 : 14 – 17 . Author's interview with F. M. Sultanov, Director of the Centre for the History of National Education of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan', 19 March 1997;; and anon, Luchshikh Skhol Kazani (Kazan', 1996)
  • See MORT, 'Kontseptiya'.
  • Yu. S. Tyunikov, F. F. Kharisov & G. F. Khasanova, Natsional'noe samosoznanie: Sushch nost' i printsipy formirovaniya (Kazan', 1994); and Yu. S. Tyunikov, F. F. Kharisov, G. F. Khasanova & I. Ya. Kuramshin, Strategiya i zadachi razvitiya natsional'nogo gimnazicheskogo obrazovaniya (Kazan', 1995).
  • Luchshikh, p. 10.
  • Gaifullin, 'Podkhody'.
  • MORT, 'Kontseptsiya'; Gaifullin, 'Shkola'.
  • Gaifullin, 'Podkhody'; Zaripov, interview; Kharisov, interview. For example, in the early years of sovereignty (between 1991 and 1993)the number of Mari-language schools in Tatarstan doubled, from four to eight, two new Udmurt-language schools opened, and one new Chuvash language school opened. See Apparat Prezidenta Respubliki Tatarstan, Mnogonatsional'nyi Tatarstan, (Kazan', 1993), p. 45.
  • Khisamitdinova , F. G. 1996 . 'Kul't rodnogo yazyka' . Sovetskaya Bashkiriya , 12 April : 2
  • Bairamova , F. M. 1994 . 'Na rodnom yazyke' . Sovetskaya Bashkiriya , 20 April : 3
  • Khakimov , Rafael , ed. 1993 . The White Book of Tatarstan: The Way to Sovereignty 1990-1993 Kazan Khakimov, who is a philosopher by training, is most famous in Tatarstan for his articulation of and ardent publicisation of the 'Tatarstan Model' of peaceful federal negotiations with Russia, and for coordinating Tatarstan's participation in the various 'Hague Initiatives' for peace in the former Soviet Union. See
  • 1993 . Approaches to Federalism: The Case of Tatarstan Kazan
  • 'Tatarskaya istoriya budet napisana po-Tatarski', pp. 25-26.
  • Miftakhov , B. M. and Islamov , F. F. 1994 . Istoriya i kul'tura rodnogo kraya 4 Kazan
  • Alishev , Salyam , ed. 1993 . Tatarstan Tarikhynnan Khikeyaler 3 Kazan
  • Ibid., pp. 262-265
  • Khisamitdinova , F. G. 1996 . “ 'O prepodavanii Konstitutsii Respubliki Bashkortostan v uchrezhdeniyakh obrazovaniya Respubliki' ” . In Konstitutsiya Respubliki Bashkortostan: Teoriya i praktika ee realizatsii 53 – 56 . Ufa
  • Akhmanova , I. G. , ed. 1996 . Istoriya Bashkortostana 8 – 9 . 3 Ufa

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