Profiling geotravelers: an a priori segmentation identifying and defining sustainable travelers using the Geotraveler Tendency Scale (GTS)

References

• Blamey , R. and Braithwaite , V. 1997 . A social values segmentation of the potential ecotourism market . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 5 ( 1 ) : 29 – 45 . doi: 10.1080/09669589708667274
   Google Scholar
• Boley , B. , Nickerson , N. P. and Bosak , K. 2011 . Measuring geotourism: Developing and testing the geotraveler tendency scale (GTS) . Journal of Travel Research , 50 ( 5 ) : 567 – 578 . doi: 10.1177/0047287510382295
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosak , K. , Boley , B. and Zaret , K. 2010 . Deconstructing the “crown of the continent”: Power, politics and the process of creating National Geographic's geotourism mapguides . Tourism Geographies , 12 ( 3 ) : 460 – 480 . doi: 10.1080/14616688.2010.494686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle , D. and Nickerson , N. 2010 . Statewide vacationers to Montana: Are they geotravelers? Research report , Missoula , MT: : Institute for Tourism & Recreation Research (ITRR) . Retrieved from http://www.itrr.umt.edu/research10/statewidegeotourismrr2010_2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Buckley , R. 2003 . Environmental inputs and outputs in ecotourism: Geotourism with a positive triple bottom line? . Journal of Ecotourism , 2 ( 1 ) : 76 – 82 . doi: 10.1080/14724040308668135
   Google Scholar
• Ceballos-Lascuráin , H. 1996 . Tourism, ecotourism, and protected areas: The state of nature-based tourism around the world and guidelines for its development , Gland, Switzerland: IUCN .
   Google Scholar
• Choi , H. and Sirakaya , E. 2005 . Measuring residents’ attitude toward sustainable tourism: Development of sustainable tourism attitude scale . Journal of Travel Research , 43 ( 4 ) : 380 doi: 10.1177/0047287505274651
   Google Scholar
• Dolnicar , S. 2002 . A review of data-driven market segmentation in tourism . Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing , 12 ( 1 ) : 1 – 22 . doi: 10.1300/J073v12n01_01
   Google Scholar
• Dolnicar , S. 2004a . Beyond “commonsense segmentation”: A systematics of segmentation approaches in tourism . Journal of Travel Research , 42 ( 3 ) : 244 doi: 10.1177/0047287503258830
   Google Scholar
• Dolnicar , S. 2004b . Insights into sustainable tourists in Austria: A data-based a priori segmentation approach . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 12 ( 3 ) : 209 – 218 . doi: 10.1080/09669580408667234
   Google Scholar
• Dolnicar , S. , Crouch , G. and Long , P. 2008 . Environment-friendly tourists: What do we really know about them? . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 16 ( 2 ) : 197 – 210 . doi: 10.2167/jost738.0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolnicar , S. and Leisch , F. 2008 . An investigation of tourists’ patterns of obligation to protect the environment . Journal of Travel Research , 46 : 381 – 391 . doi: 10.1177/0047287507308330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolnicar , S. and Long , P. 2009 . Beyond ecotourism: The environmentally responsible tourist in the general travel experience . Tourism Analysis , 14 ( 4 ) : 503 – 513 . doi: 10.3727/108354209X12596287114291
   Google Scholar
• Dowling , R. K. and Newsome , D. 2006 . Geotourism , Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer , L. 2005 . Relevance of triple bottom line reporting to achievement of sustainable tourism: A scoping study . Tourism Review International , 9 ( 1 ) : 79 – 938 . doi: 10.3727/154427205774791726
   Google Scholar
• Fairweather , J. , Maslin , C. and Simmons , D. 2005 . Environmental values and response to ecolabels among international visitors to New Zealand . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 13 ( 1 ) : 82 – 98 . doi: 10.1080/17501220508668474
   Google Scholar
• Fennell , D. A. 2001 . A content analysis of ecotourism definitions . Current Issues in Tourism , 4 ( 5 ) : 403 – 421 . doi: 10.1080/13683500108667896
   Google Scholar
• Formica , S. and Uysal , M. 1998 . Market segmentation of an international cultural-historical event in Italy . Journal of Travel Research , 36 ( 4 ) : 16 doi: 10.1177/004728759803600402
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin , H. and Francis , J. 2003 . Ethical and responsible tourism: Consumer trends in the UK . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 9 ( 3 ) : 271 doi: 10.1177/135676670300900306
   Google Scholar
• Hanlan , J. , Fuller , D. and Wilde , S. J. 2006 . “ Segmenting tourism markets: A critical review ” . In Proceedings of To the city and beyond: Council for Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE) Conference , Edited by: Tremblay , P. and Boyle , A. Melbourne , Vic. : Victoria University .
   Google Scholar
• Hardy , A. , Beeton , R. J.S. and Pearson , L. 2002 . Sustainable Tourism: An overview of the concept and its position in relation to conceptualisations of Tourism . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 10 ( 6 ) : 475 – 496 . doi: 10.1080/09669580208667183
   Google Scholar
• Hvenegaard , G. 2002 . Using tourist typologies for ecotourism research . Journal of Ecotourism , 1 ( 1 ) : 7 – 18 . doi: 10.1080/14724040208668109
   Google Scholar
• Joly , M. , Verner , A. and Côté , A . 2009 . Urban geotourism: The case of Montréal . E-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR) , 7 ( 6 ) : 124 – 132 .
   Google Scholar
• Laroche , M. , Bergeron , J. and Barbaro-Forleo , G. 2001 . Targeting consumers who are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products . Journal of Consumer Marketing , 18 ( 6 ) : 503 – 520 . doi: 10.1108/EUM0000000006155
   Google Scholar
• Lew , A. 2002 . Geotourism and what geographers do . Tourism Geographies , 4 ( 4 ) : 347 – 348 . doi: 10.1080/14616680210158119
   Google Scholar
• Loker , L. and Perdue , R. 1992 . A benefit-based segmentation of a nonresident summer travel market . Journal of Travel Research , 31 ( 1 ) : 30 doi: 10.1177/004728759203100107
   Google Scholar
• Luzar , E. , Diagne , A. , Ecgan , C. and Henning , B. 1998 . Profiling the nature-based tourist: A multinomial logit approach . Journal of Travel Research , 37 ( 1 ) : 48 doi: 10.1177/004728759803700106
   Google Scholar
• McKercher , B. and Chow , B. 2001 . Cultural distance and cultural tourism participation . Pacific Tourism Review , 5 ( 1/2 ) : 21 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• McNeely , J. A. 1988 . Economic and biological diversity: Developing and using incentives to conserve biological reserves , Gland , , Switzerland : International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Moeller , T. , Dolnicar , S. and Leisch , F. 2011 . The sustainability–profitability trade-off in tourism: Can it be overcome? . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 19 ( 2 ) : 155 – 169 . doi: 10.1080/09669582.2010.518762
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Geographic Center for Sustainable Destinations . 2011 . Programs for places . Retrieved February 23, 2011, from http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/sustainable/programs_for_places.html#where-we-do-it
   Google Scholar
• National Park Service . 2008, October 1 . National park service , Retrieved December 17, 2008, from www.concessions.nps.gov/document/AdvisoryBoard/Oct08/Briefon_GeoTourism_Field%20Version–October_2008.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nickerson , N. P. and Ellis , G. D. 1991 . Traveler types and activation theory: A comparison of two models . Journal of Travel Research , 29 ( 3 ) : 26 – 31 . doi: 10.1177/004728759102900304
   Google Scholar
• Palacio , V. and McCool , S. F. 1997 . Identifying ecotourists in Belize through benefit segmentation: A preliminary analysis . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 5 ( 3 ) : 234 – 243 . doi: 10.1080/09669589708667288
   Google Scholar
• Plog , S. 1974 . Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity . Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly , 14 ( 4 ) : 55 – 58 . doi: 10.1177/001088047401400409
   Google Scholar
• Saleh , F. and Karwacki , J. 1996 . Revisiting the ecotourist: The case of Grasslands National Park. . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 4 ( 2 ) : 61 – 80 . doi: 10.1080/09669589608667259
   Google Scholar
• Smith , W. 1956 . Product differentiation and market segmentation as alternative marketing strategies . The Journal of Marketing , 21 ( 1 ) : 3 – 8 . doi: 10.2307/1247695
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokes , A. M. , Cook , S. D. and Drew , D. 2003 . Geotourism: The new trend in travel , Washington, D.C.: Travel Industry America and National Geographic Traveler .
   Google Scholar
• TIES (The International Ecotourism Society) . 2008 . TIES description and ecotourism principles Retrieved November 18, 2008, from www.ecotourism.org
   Google Scholar
• Trauer , B. 2006 . Conceptualizing special interest tourism–frameworks for analysis . Tourism Management , 27 ( 2 ) : 183 – 200 . doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau . 2010 . Census regions and divisions of the United States , Washington, D.C.: Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved from www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , D. 2002 . Hard-core ecotourists in Lamington National Park, Australia . Journal of Ecotourism , 1 ( 1 ) : 19 – 35 . doi: 10.1080/14724040208668110
   Google Scholar
• Weaver , D. and Lawton , L. 2002 . Overnight ecotourist market segmentation in the Gold Coast hinterland of Australia . Journal of Travel Research , 40 ( 3 ) : 270
   Google Scholar
• Wight , P. 2001 . “ Ecotourists: Not a homogeneous market segment ” . In Encyclopedia of ecotourism , Edited by: Weaver , D. 37 – 62 . Wallingford : CAB International .
   Google Scholar
• Wind , Y. 1978 . Issues and advances in segmentation research . Journal of marketing research , 15 ( 3 ) : 317 – 337 . doi: 10.2307/3150580
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter , F. 1984 . Market segmentation: A tactical approach . Business Horizons , 27 ( 1 ) : 57 – 63 . doi: 10.1016/0007-6813(84)90077-6
   Google Scholar
• Zografos , C. and Allcroft , D. 2007 . The environmental values of potential ecotourists: A segmentation study . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 15 ( 1 ) : 44 – 66 . doi: 10.2167/jost572.0
   Google Scholar