References
- 2030 Water Resources Group (WRG). (2009). Charting our water future: Economic frameworks to inform decision-making. Washington, DC: Author.
- Arnell, N. W. (2004). Climate change and global water resources: SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environmental Change, 14, 31–52.
- Augustin, B., & Snyder, G. (1984). Moisture sensor-controlled irrigation for maintaining Bermudagrass turf. Agronomy Journal, 76(5), 848–850.
- Australian Golf Industry Council. (2009). Water and the Australian golf industry. Melbourne: Australian Golf Industry Council. Retrieved fromhttp://clubsupport.golf.org.au/site/_content/document/00035025-source.pdf
- Baillon, J., & Ceron, J. P. (1991). L'essor du golf: Un parcours à risques [The rise of golf: A risky course]. Grenoble: Presses universitaires de Grenoble.
- Barton, L., Wan, G. G. Y., & Colmer, T. D. (2006). Turfgrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) sod production on sandy soils: I. Effects of irrigation and fertiliser regimes on growth and quality. Plant and Soil, 284(1–2), 129–145.
- Beard, J., & Green, R. (1993). Turfgrass and golf course benefits. United States Golf Association Green Section Record, 26–30.
- Becken, S., Rajan, R., Moore, S., Watt, M., & McLennan, C. L. (2013). White paper on tourism and water. Brisbane: Earthcheck Research Institute.
- Berenberg, B. (2012). Strong growth expected in golf club market. Retrieved fromhttp://composite.about.com/cs/sportinggoods/a/bpr_ecomp.htm
- Bremer, D., & Ham, J. (2003). Soil-moisture sensors can help regulate irrigation. Golfdom's Practical Research Digest for Turf Managers, 49–54.
- Briassoulis, H. (2007). Golf-centered development in coastal Mediterranean Europe: A soft sustainability test. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15, 441–462.
- Briassoulis, H. (2010). “Sorry golfers, this is not your spot!”: Exploring public opposition to golf development. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 34(3), 288–311.
- Bruneau, A., Williams, B., Lucas, L., Peacock, C., & Bowman, D. (2005). Water quality and golf course superintendents. Raleigh: North Carolina State University. Retrieved fromhttp://www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/PDFFiles/000803/wqwm154.pdf
- Carbon Disclosure Project. (2015). Global water report 2015. London: CDP Worldwide. Retrieved fromhttps://www.cdp.net/en/research/global-reports/global-water-report-2015
- Carrick, D. (2013). Golf course design – the search for perfection. Paper presented at the Annual Professional Turfgrass Seminar, Waterloo.
- Carrow, R., & Duncan, R. (2007). Best management practices for turfgrass water resources: Holistic-systems approach best management practices (BMPs). Water Quality and Quantity Issues for Turfgrasses in Urban Landscapes, 1–30.
- Carrow, R., Duncan, R., & Waltz, C. (2007). Best management practices and water-use efficiency. Conservation plans for golf courses: Template and guidelines. Griffin: University of Georgia. Retrieved fromhttp://www.commodities.caes.uga.edu/turfgrass/georgiaturf/water/articles/bmps_water_cons_07.pdf
- Ceron, J., & Kovacs, J. C. (1993). Golf et environnement: Un aperçu des principaux problèmes [Golf and the environment: An overview of the principle problems]. Les Arcs: Fédération française de golf.
- Cisar, J. L. (2004, September). Managing turf sustainability. Paper presented at the meeting of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Brisbane.
- Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies. (2009). Water scarcity & climate change: Growing risks for business & investors. Boston, MA: Author.
- DaCosta, M., & Huang, B. (2006). Minimum water requirements. Crop Science, 46, 81–89.
- Environment Agency. (2008). Assessing optimum irrigation water use: Additional agricultural and non-agricultural sectors (Report No. SC040008/SR1). Bristol: Environment Agency.
- Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2017). Canadian climate data and scenarios. Ottawa: Government of Canada. Retrieved fromhttp://climate-scenarios.canada.ca/index.php?page=download-cmip5
- Ernst & Young. (2010). The Australian golf industry economic report: 2010. Melbourne: Ernst & Young Australia. Retrieved fromhttp://golfnetworkadmin.gamznhosting.com/site/_content/document/00017549-source.pdf
- Ernst & Young. (2012). Six growing trends in corporate sustainability. Oakland, CA: Ernst & Young and GreenBiz Group.
- Eurostat. (2009). Medstat II: ‘Water and tourism’ pilot study. Luxembourg: European Commission, Eurostat. Retrieved fromhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-78-09-699/EN/KS-78-09-699-3 N.pdf
- Golf Canada. (2014). Sustainability pilot. Oakville: Golf Canada Foundation. Retrieved fromhttp://www.golfcanadafoundation.com/partners/sustainability-pilot/
- Golf Canada. (2015). Golf facilities in Canada. Oakville: Golf Canada Foundation. Retrieved fromhttp://golfcanada.ca/app/uploads/2015/07/NGF-GOLF-CANADA_ENGLISH-Final-July8.pdf
- Golf Environment Organization. (2016). Certification. North Berwick: GEO Foundation. Retrieved fromhttp://www.golfenvironment.org/vision/action/certification
- Gössling, S. (2015). New performance indicators for water management in tourism. Tourism Management, 46, 233–244.
- Gössling, S., Hall, C. M., & Scott, D. (2015). Tourism and water. London: Channel View Publications.
- Gössling, S., Peeters, P., Hall, C. M., Ceron, J. P., Dubois, G., & Scott, D. (2012). Tourism and water use: Supply, demand, and security. An international review. Tourism Management, 33(1), 1–15.
- HSBC. (2012). Golf's 2020 vision: The HSBC report. Retrieved from http://thefuturescompany.com/wp-content-uploads/2012/09/The_Future_of_Golf.pdf
- Hall, C. M., Gössling, S., & Scott, D. ( Eds.). (2015). The Routledge handbook of tourism and sustainability. London: Routledge.
- Hartwiger, C. (2000). It's raining, it's pouring, the golf course is flooding. United States Golf Association Green Section Magazine, April/May, 8–11.
- Harvey, J., Horne, J., Safai, P., Darnell, S., & Courchesne-O'Neill, S. (2013). Sport and social movements: From the local to the global. London: Bloomsbury.
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2013). Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. In T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, & P. M. Midgley (Eds.), Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (pp. 1535). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- KPMG. (2012). Expect the unexpected: Building business value in a changing world. Amstelveen: Author.
- Keast, M. (2001). Going for the green. Canadian Wildlife, Spring, np.
- Klein, J., Ekstedt, K., Walter, T. M., & Lyon, S. W. (2015). Modeling potential water resource impacts of Mediterranean tourism in a changing climate. Environmental Modelling & Assessment, 20, 117–128.
- Lancaster, J. (2011). Ontario golf top 100 courses. Toronto: Elevation Media Inc. Retrieved fromhttp://canadiangolfer.com/db/rankings/ontario-golf-top-100-courses-2011/
- Madden, P. (2015). Drought-ridden California restricts water use on golf courses. New York City: Sports Illustrated Group. Retrieved fromhttp://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/drought-ridden-california-restricts-water-use-golf-courses
- Maplecroft. (2010). Water security risk index 2010. Bath: Maplecroft.
- Marwick, M. C. (2000). Golf tourism development, stakeholders, differing discourses and alterative agendas: The case of Malta. Tourism Management, 21, 515–524.
- Mccarthy, G. (2006). Best management practices for golf course water use. Hartford, CT: Department of Environmental Protection. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ct.gov/deep/lib/deep/water_inland/diversions/golfcoursewaterusebmp.pdf
- Meulen, V. D., & Salman, A. H. P. M. (1996). Management of mediterranean coastal dunes. Amsterdam: Department of Physical Geography, University of Amsterdam.
- Michalska, A. (2005). Freshwater: A study of golf courses in Canada. Ottawa: Friends of the Earth.
- Ministry of Environment. (2013). Permits to take water. Toronto: Ministry of Environment. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ene.gov.on.ca/environment/en/industry/assessment_and_approvals/water_taking/STDPROD_075554.html
- Ministry of Natural Resources. (2010). Ontario low water response. Peterborough: Ministry of Natural Resources. Retrieved fromhttp://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/stdprodconsume/groups/lr/@mnr/@water/documents/document/mnr_e002322.pdf
- Minoli, D. M., & Smith, M. T. (2011). An exploration of golf and voluntary environmental programmes. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 54(7), 871–889.
- Minoli, D. M., Goode, M. M., & Smith, M. T. (2015). Are eco labels profitably employed in sustainable tourism? A case study on Audubon Certified Golf Resorts. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 207–216.
- Moeller, A. (2013). Irrigate for playability and turf health, not color. Green Section Record, 51(2), 1–6.
- Morgenstern, R., & Pizer, W. (2007). Reality check: The nature and performance of voluntary environmental programs in the United States, Europe and Japan. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
- National Allied Golf Associations. (2014). Economic impact of golf in Canada. Ottawa: SNG Solutions Inc. Retrieved fromhttp://canadagolfs.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/SNG-Golf-2014-Key-Findings-FINAL-Report-JUNE-2_ENG_Rev0918.pdf
- National Golf Foundation. (2015). Golf industry overview. Jupiter, FL: National Golf Foundation.
- New York City OpenData. (2017). Water consumption in New York City. Retrieved from https://data.cityofnewyork.us/d/waf7-5gvc/visualization
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2013). Effective policies for growth. Paris: OECD.
- Pearce, F. (1993). How green is your golf? New Scientist, 139(1892), 30–35.
- Pleumarom, A. (1992). Course and effect: Golf tourism in Thailand. Contours (Bangkok), 5(7), 23–28.
- Priestley, G. K. (2006). Planning implications of golf tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 6(3), 170–178.
- Ritchie, B. W., & Adair, D. ( Eds.). (2004). Sport tourism: Interrelationships, impacts and issues (Vol. 14). London: Channel View Publications.
- Rivera, J., & DeLeon, P. (2008). Voluntary environmental programs: Are carrots without sticks ? Policy Studies Journal, 36, 61–63
- Rodriguez-Diaz, J. A., Knox, J. W., & Weatherhead, E. K. (2007). Competing demands for irrigation water: Golf and agriculture in Spain. Irrigation and Drainage, 56, 541–549.
- Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews (R&A). (2010a). Using water efficiently. St. Andrews: R&A. Retrieved fromhttp://golfcoursemanagement.randa.org/en/Environmental-Impact/Using-water-efficiently.aspx
- Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews (R&A). (2010b). A blueprint for a sustainable future. St. Andrews: R&A. Retrieved fromhttp://championships.randa.org/sitecore/content/Randa/Home/RandA/News/Features/2010/September/Course-management-QnA.aspx
- Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews (R&A). (2015). Golf around the world 2015. Fife: Author.
- Salgot, M., Priestley, G., & Folch, M. (2012). Golf course irrigation with reclaimed water in the Mediterranean: A risk management matter. Water, 4(4), 389–429.
- Sarni, W. (2011). Corporate water strategies. New York, NY: Earthscan.
- Scott, D., & Jones, B. (2007). A regional comparison of the implications of climate change for the golf industry in Canada. The Canadian Geographer, 51(2), 219–232.
- Serra, P., Pons, X., & Sauri, D. (2008). Land-cover and land-use change in a Mediterranean landscape: A spatial analysis of driving forces integrating biophysical and human factors. Applied Geography, 28, 189–209.
- Sports Turf Research Institute (STRI). (2010). The English golf environmental advisory service. Bingley: Author.
- Statistics Canada. (2015). Tourism glossary. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Retrieved fromwww.statcan.gc.ca/eng/nea/gloss/tourism)
- Sustainable Golf Project. (2012). The value of sustainable golf. Survey results on golfers’ attitude toward sustainability. Breda: Sustainable Golf Project. Retrieved fromhttp://www.sustainablegolfproject.com/documenten/13092012%20Sustainable%20Golf%20Project%20-%20Golfers%20Survey.pdf
- Thiel, A. (2010). Constructing a strategic, national resource: European polices and the up-scaling of water services in the Algarve, Portugal. Environmental Management, 46, 44–59.
- Throssell, C., Lyman, G., Johnson, M., Stacey, G., & Brown, C. (2009). Golf course environmental profile measures water use, source, cost, quality, and management and conservation strategies. Applied Turfgrass Science, 1. doi:10.1094/ATS-2009-0129-01-RS
- Todorova, V. (2015, February 28). Special report: Saving water in the UAE. The National UAE. Retrieved fromhttp://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/special-report-saving-water-in-the-uae
- United Nations. (2011). Statistics: Water use. New York, NY: Author. Retrieved fromwww.unwater.org/statistics_use.html
- United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). (2011). Towards a green economy: Pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication. Nairobi: Author.
- United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2013). UNWTO tourism highlights, 2013 edition. Madrid: Author.
- United Nations World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP). (2015). The United Nations world water development report 2015: Water for a sustainable world. Paris: UNESCO.
- United States Golf Association (USGA). (2014). Is your course environmentally and economically sound? New Jersey: USGA. Retrieved fromhttp://www.usga.org/course-care/usga-sustainability.html
- Videira, N., Correia, A., Alves, I., Ramires, C., Subtil, R., & Martins, V. (2006). Environmental and economic tools to support sustainable golf tourism: The Algarve experience, Portugal. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 6(3), 204–217.
- Vörösmarty, C. J., Green, P., Salisbury, J., & Lammers, R. B. (2000). Global water resources: Vulnerability from climate change and population growth. Science, 289, 284–288.
- Ward, A., & Trimble, S. (2004). Environmental hydrology (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.
- Water Disclosure Project. (2013). Moving beyond business as usual: A need for a step change in water risk management (Carbon Disclosure Project. Global Water Report 2013). London: Carbon Disclosure Project. Retrieved fromhttps://www.cdp.net/CDPResults/CDP-Global-Water-Report-2013.pdf
- Wheeler, K., & Nauright, J. (2006). A global perspective on the environmental impact of golf. Sport in Society, 9(3), 427–443.
- Wight, P., Hall, C.M., & Lew, A.A. (1998). Tools for sustainability analysis in planning and managing tourism and recreation in the destination. Sustainable Tourism: A Geographical Perspective, 75–91.
- Wight, P., Hall, C. M., & Lew, A. A. (1998). Tools for sustainability analysis in planning and managing tourism and recreation in the destination. Sustainable Tourism: A Geographical Perspective, 75–91.
- Winter, J., Dillon, P., Paterson, C., Reid, R., & Somers, K. (2003). Impacts of golf course construction and operation on headwater streams: Bioassessment using benthic algae. Canadian Journal of Botany, 81(8), 848–885.
- Wolbier, J. (2004). Matters of scale – planet golf. World Watch Magazine, 17, np.
- World Water Development Report. (2012). The United Nations world water development report 4: Managing water under uncertainty and risk. Paris: UNESCO.
- World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF). (2013). Water stewardship: Perspectives on business risks and responses to water challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: Author.