From unlikely to likely partnerships for change - child welfare and Indigenous tourism in Canada

References

• Abercrombie, R., Harries, E., Wharton, R. (2015). Systems change: A guide to what it is and how to do it. Lankelly Chase Foundation. https://lankellychase.org.uk/resources/publications/systems-change-a-guide-to-what-it-is-and-how-to-do-it/
   Google Scholar
• Alderson, P. (2001). Research by children. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 4(2), 139–‒153. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570120003
   Google Scholar
• Baggio, R., & Sainaghi, R. (2011). Complex and chaotic tourism systems: Towards a quantitative approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(6), 840–861. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111111153501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackstock, C., Trocmé, N., & Bennett, M. (2004). Child maltreatment investigations among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal families in Canada. Violence against Women, 10(8), 901–916. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801204266312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boer, D. V. (2016). Toward decolonization in tourism: Engaged tourism and the Jerusalem tourism cluster. Jerusalem Quarterly, 65, 9–21.
   Google Scholar
• Bull, A. (1995). The economics of travel and tourism (2nd ed.). Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, R., & Hunch, T. (1996). Tourism and indigenous people. In Butler, R.; Hinch, T. (Eds.), Indigenous tourism: A common ground for discussion (pp. 3–19). International Thomson Business Press.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, D. (2005). Complexity, configurations and cases. Theory, Culture & Society, 22(5), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276405057194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadian Tourism Commission. (1997). Aboriginal tourism: A bibliography. Tourism Reference and Documentation Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Canosa, A., & Graham, A. (2016). Ethical tourism research involving children. Annals of Tourism Research, 61, 219–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canosa, A., Graham, A., & Wilson, E. (2018). Child-centred approaches in tourism and hospitality research: Methodological opportunities and ethical challenges. In Handbook of research methods for tourism and hospitality management (pp. 519–529). Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, A., Ruhanen, L., & Whitford, M. (2016). Indigenous peoples and tourism: The challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(8–9), 1067–1079. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1206112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChildSafe Movement and G Adventures Inc. (2018). Child welfare and the travel industry: Global good practice guidelines. https://media.gadventures.com/media-server/dynamic/admin/flatpages/17-502-00-PT-GL_Child_Welfare_Guidelines_v4_03_2018.compressed.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Colton, J. W., & Whitney-Squire, K. (2010). Exploring the relationship between aboriginal tourism and community development. Leisure/Loisir, 34(3), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2010.521321
   Google Scholar
• Coronado, G. (2014). Selling culture? Between commoditisation and cultural control in Indigenous alternative tourism. PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 12(1), 11–28. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2014.12.002
   Google Scholar
• Crichlow, W. (2003). Western colonization as disease: Native adoption and cultural genocide. Canadian Social Work, 5(1), 88–107.
   Google Scholar
• Croft, C. D. (2018). Hearing the authentic voice of stakeholders? Implications for governance of tourism strategy-making. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(14), 1670–1689. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1153051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Burlo, C. R. (2000). Indigenous people. In J. Jafari (Ed.), Encyclopedia of tourism (pp. 303–304). London.
   Google Scholar
• Denyer, D., & Tranfield, D. (2009). Producing a systematic review. In D. A. Buchanan & A. Bryman (Eds.), The sage handbook of organizational research methods (pp. 671–689). Sage Publications Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Doorne, S., Ateljevic, I., & Bai, Z. (2003). Representing identities through tourism: Encounters of ethnic minorities in Dali, Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. International Journal of Tourism Research, 5(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.404
   Google Scholar
• ECPAT International. (2019). Child protection in travel and tourism. Protecting Children in Tourism. https://www.protectingchildrenintourism.org/child-protection-in-travel-and-tourism/
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, B. H., & Twining-Ward, L. (2004). Reconceptualizing tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(2), 274–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.12.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiser, A., & Hermus, G. (2019). Canada’s indigenous tourism sector: Insights and economic impacts. The Conference Board of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher, R. (2011). Sustaining tourism, sustaining capitalism? The tourism industry's role in global capitalist expansion. Tourism Geographies, 13(3), 443–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2011.570372
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Study of Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism. (2018). The international summit of child protection in travel and tourism. https://www.protectingchildrenintourism.org/resource/declaration-and-call-for-action-for-the-protection-of-children-in-travel-and-tourism-international-summit-bogota-2018/
   Google Scholar
• Glouberman, S., & Zimmerman, B. (2002). Complicated and complex systems: What would successful reform of Medicare look like? Romanow Papers, 2, 21–53.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Canada. (2018). Reducing the number of indigenous children in care. https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1541187352297/1541187392851
   Google Scholar
• Gregory, D. (2001). Colonial nostalgia and cultures of travel: Spaces of constructed visibility in Egypt. AlSayyad, N. (Ed.).In Consuming tradition, manufacturing heritage: Global norms and urban forms in the age of tourism (pp. 111–151). London, UK: Routledge
   Google Scholar
• Head, B. W., & Alford, J. (2015). Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management. Administration & Society, 47(6), 711–739. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713481601
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heifetz, R. A., Kania, J. V., & Kramer, M. R. (2004). Leading boldly. Stanford Social Innovation Review, Winter, 21–31.
   Google Scholar
• Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2006a). Reconciliation tourism: Healing divided societies. Tourism Recreation Research, 28(3), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2003.11081415
   Google Scholar
• Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2006b). More than an “industry”: The forgotten power of tourism as a social force. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1192–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.05.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huxham, C., & Vangen, S. (2005). Managing to collaborate: The theory and practice of collaborative advantage. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Indigenous Tourism Association of Canada. (2018a). Accelerating Indigenous growth in Canada. https://indigenoustourism.ca/corporate/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/18-10-Accelerating-Tourism-Growth-Booklet-v7.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Indigenous Tourism Association of Canada. (2019b). National guidelines. Indigenous Tourism Canada. https://indigenoustourism.ca/corporate/national-guidelines/
   Google Scholar
• Kahane, A. (2004). Solving tough problems: An open way of talking, listening, and creating new realities. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Kahane, A. (2017). Collaborating with the enemy: How to work with people you don’t agree with or like or trust. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Kellett, M. (2005). Children as active researchers: A new research paradigm for the 21st century? ESRC. http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/87/1/MethodsReviewPaperNCRM-003.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kilian, A., Fellows, T. K., Giroux, R., Pennington, J., Kuper, A., Whitehead, C. R., & Richardson, L. (2019). Exploring the approaches of non-Indigenous researchers to Indigenous research: A qualitative study. CMAJ Open, 7(3), E504–E509. https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20180204
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lanfant, M., Allcock, J. B., & Bruner, E. M. (1995). International tourism: Identity and change. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lundberg, D. E. (1980). The tourist business (4th ed.). CBI Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Lundberg, D. E., Mink, H. S., & Krishnamoorthy, M. (1995). Tourism economics. Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Mariussen, A., Daniele, R., & Bowie, D. (2010). Unintended consequences in the evolution of affiliate marketing networks: A complexity approach. The Service Industries Journal, 30(10), 1707–1722. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060903580714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, J., & Danby, S. (2011). Children as experts in their lives: Child inclusive research. Child Indicators Research, 4(2), 185–‒189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-011-9108-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, D. (1995). Native peoples and tourism: Conflict and compromise. In Theobald, W. F. (Ed.), Global tourism: The next decade (pp. 124–145). Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd
   Google Scholar
• Moscardo, G., & Pearce, P. L. (1999). Understanding ethnic tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 416–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00101-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, N., & Wilson, E. (2012). From invisible to indigenous-driven: A critical typology of research in indigenous tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 19(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/jht.2012.6
   Google Scholar
• Papatheodorou, A., & Pappas, N. (2017). Economic recession, job vulnerability, and tourism decision making: A qualitative comparative analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 56(5), 663–677. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516651334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereiro, X. (2016). A review of Indigenous tourism in Latin America: Reflections on an anthropological study of Guna tourism (Panama). Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(8–9), 1121–1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1189924
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfetto, M. C., Vargas-Sánchez, A., & Presenza, A. (2016). Managing a complex adaptive ecosystem: Towards a smart management of industrial heritage tourism. Journal of Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, 4(3), 243–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prout, A., & James, A. (1997). A new paradigm for the sociology of childhood? Provenance, promise and problems. In A. James & A. Prout (Eds.), Constructing and reconstructing childhood: Contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood (pp. 7–32). Farmer Press, Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. (1996). The report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Libraxus Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Russell-Mundine, G. (2012). Reflexivity in Indigenous research: Reframing and decolonising research. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 19(1), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/jht.2012.8
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair, R. (2020). Identity lost and found: Lessons from the sixties scoop. First Peoples Child & Family Review, 3(1), 65–82. https://doi.org/10.7202/1069527ar
   Google Scholar
• Sinha, V., & Kozlowski, A. (2013). The structure of Aboriginal child welfare in Canada. International Indigenous Policy Journal, 4(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2013.4.2.2
   Google Scholar
• Sinha, V., Trocmé, N., Fallon, B., & MacLaurin, B. (2013). Understanding the investigation-stage overrepresentation of First Nations children in the child welfare system: An analysis of the First Nations component of the Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect 2008. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(10), 821–831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.11.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snowden, D. J., & Boone, M. E. (2007). A leader's framework for decision making. Harvard Business Review, 85(11), 68–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sofield, T. H. (2003). Empowerment for sustainable tourism development. In J. Jafari & D. H. Harrison (Eds.), Tourism social science series (pp. 285-333). Pergamon.
   Google Scholar
• Solansky, S. T., Beck, T. E., & Travis, D. (2014). A complexity perspective of a meta-organization team: The role of destabilizing and stabilizing tensions. Human Relations, 67(8), 1007–1033. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726713516373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Speakman, M. (2017). A paradigm for the twenty-first century or metaphorical nonsense? The enigma of complexity theory and tourism research. Tourism Planning & Development, 14(2), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2016.1155076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer, D. C. (2017). Extraction and pulverization: A narrative analysis of Canada scoop survivors. Settler Colonial Studies, 7(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2016.1152651
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stacey, R. D. (2007). Strategic management and organisational dynamics: The challenge of complexity to ways of thinking about organisations. Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Stout, M. D., & Kipling, G. D. (2003). Aboriginal people, resilience and the residential school legacy. Aboriginal Healing Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Stronza, A. (2008). Hosts and hosts: The anthropology of community-based ecotourism in the Peruvian Amazon. NAPA Bulletin, 23(1), 170–190. https://doi.org/10.1525/napa.2005.23.1.170
   Google Scholar
• Tourism HR Canada. (2019). Census Data: Who Works in Tourism? Retrieved from Tourism HR Canada: http://tourismhr.ca/labour-market-information/tourism-census-data.
   Google Scholar
• Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015a). Honouring the truth, reconciling for the future: Summary if the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. http://nctr.ca/assets/reports/Final%20Reports/Executive_Summary_English_Web.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015b). Truth and reconciliation commission: Calls to action. http://nctr.ca/assets/reports/Calls_to_Action_English2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. (2014). Every child counts: Revealing disparities, advancing children's rights. https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/SOWC2014_In_Numbers_28_Jan.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Van Tulder, R., & Keen, N. (2018). Capturing collaborative challenges: Designing complexity-sensitive theories of change for cross-sector partnerships. Journal of Business Ethics : JBE, 150(2), 315–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3857-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandenbroech, P. (2012). Working with wicked problems. The King Baudouin Foundation. https://grantcraft.org/content/curated-content/working-with-wicked-problems/
   Google Scholar
• Wettenhall R. (2003). The rhetoric and reality of public-private partnerships. Public Organization Review, 3(1), 77–107. doi: 10.1023/A:1023000128175.
   Google Scholar
• Wheatley, M. (1999). Leadership and the new science. Berett-Koehler Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Woodhead (2008). Childhood studies: Past, present and future. In M. J. Kehily (Ed.), An introduction to childhood studies (pp. 17–31). Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yosef, S. B. (2010). Community development by the complexity theory. https://shayby.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/community-development-by-the-complexity-theory.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Zahra, A., & Ryan, C. (2007). From chaos to cohesion—Complexity in tourism structures: An analysis of New Zealand's regional tourism organizations. Tourism Management, 28(3), 854–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeppel, H. (2007). Indigenous ecotourism: Conservation and resources rights. In J. Higham (Ed.), Critical issues in ecotourism. Understanding a complex tourism phenomenon (pp. 308–348). Elsevier.
   Google Scholar