New records of Ulva spp. (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in China, with special reference to an unusual morphology of U. meridionalis forming green tides

References

• Bast, F., John, A.A. & Bhushan, S. (2014). Strong endemism of bloom-forming tubular Ulva in Indian west coast, with description of Ulva paschima sp. nov. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta). PLoS ONE, 9: e109295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bliding, C. (1963). A critical survey of European taxa in Ulvales, Part I. Capsosiphon, Percursaria, Blidingia, Enteromorpha. Opera Botanica, 8: 1–160.
   Google Scholar
• Bliding, C. (1968). A critical survey of European taxa in Ulvales. Part II. Ulva, Ulvaria, Monostroma, Kornmannia. Botaniska Notiser, 121: 535–629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomster, J., Maggs, C.A. & Stanhope, M.J. (1998). Molecular and morphological analysis of Enteromorpha intestinalis and E. compressa (Chlorophytta) in the British Isles. Journal of Phycology, 34: 319–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomster, J., Maggs, C.A. & Stanhope, M.J. (1999). Extensive intraspecific morphological variation in Enteromorpha muscoides (Chlorophyta) revealed by molecular analysis. Journal of Phycology, 35: 575–586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomster, J., Bäck, S., Fewer, D.P., Kiirikki, M., Lehvo, A., Maggs, C.A. & Stanhope, M. (2002). Novel morphology in Enteromorpha (Ulvophyceae) forming green tides. American Journal of Botany, 89: 1756–1763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonneau, E.R. (1977). Polymorphic behavior of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) in axenic culture. I. Occurrence of Enteromorpha-like plants in haploid clones. Journal of Phycology, 13: 133–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L., Feng, J. & Xie, S.L. (2015). Ulva shanxiensis (Ulvaceae), a new species from Shanxi, China. Novon, 23: 397–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coat, G., Dion, P., Noailles, M.C., de Reviers, B., Fontaine, J.M., Berger, P.Y. & de Goér, L.S. (1998). Ulva armoricana (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from the coasts of Brittany (France). II. Nuclear rDNA ITS sequence analysis. European Journal of Phycology, 33: 81–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, J.J., Monotilla, A.P., Zhu, W.R., Takano, Y., Shimada, S., Ichihara, K., Matsui, T., He, P.M. & Hiraoka, M. (2018). Taxonomic reassessment of Ulva prolifera (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) based on specimens from the type locality and Yellow Sea green tides. Phycologia, 57: 692–704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Silva, M.W.R.N. & Burrows, E.M. (1973). An experimental assessment of the status of the species Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link and Enteromorpha compressa (L.). Grev. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 53: 895–904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, L.P. (2013). Flora Algarum Marinarum Sinicarum, Tomus IV: Chlorophyta, No. 1: Ulotrichales, Chaetophorales, Phaeophilales, Ulvales, Prasiolales, Cladophorles, Acrosiphoniales. Science Press, Beijing.
   Google Scholar
• Ding, L.P., Huang, B.X. & Luan, R.X. (2015). New classification system of marine green algae of China. Guangxi Sciences, 22: 201–210.
   Google Scholar
• Dong, M.L. (1963). A preliminary phytogeographical studies on Chinese species of Enteromorpha. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 5: 46–51.
   Google Scholar
• Duan, W.J., Guo, L.X., Sun, D., Zhu, S.F., Chen, X.F., Zhu, W.R., Xu, T. & Chen, C.F. (2012). Morphological and molecular characterization of free-floating and attached green macroalgae Ulva spp. in the Yellow Sea of China. Journal of Applied Phycology, 24: 97–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flagella, M.M., Andreakis, N., Hiraoka, M., Verlaque, M. & Buia, M.C. (2010). Identification of cryptic Ulva species (Chlorophyta, Ulvales) transported in ballast water. Journal of Biological Research–Thessaloniki, 13: 47–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher, R.L. (1996). The occurrence of “Green tides” – a review. In Marine Benthic Vegetation: Recent Changes and the Effects of Eutrophication (Schramm, W. & Nienhuis, P. H., editors), 7–43. Springer, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Gao, G., Zhong, Z., Zhou, X. & Xu, J. (2016). Changes in morphological plasticity of Ulva prolifera under different environmental conditions: a laboratory experiment. Harmful Algae, 59: 51–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2019). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org.
   Google Scholar
• Han, W., Chen, L.P., Zhang, J.H., Tian, X.L., Hua, L., He, Q., Huo, Y.Z., Yu, K.F., Shi, D.J., Ma, J.H. & He, P.M. (2013). Seasonal variation of dominant free-floating and attached Ulva species in Rudong coastal area, China. Harmful Algae, 28: 46–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanyuda, T. & Kawai, H. (2018). Genetic examination of the type specimen of Ulva australis suggests that it was introduced to Australia. Phycological Research, 66: 238–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayden, H.S. & Waaland, J.R. (2004). A molecular systematic study of Ulva (Ulvaceae, Ulvales) from the northeast Pacific. Phycologia, 43: 364–382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayden, H.S., Blomster, J., Maggs, C.A., Silva, P.C., Stanhope, M.J. & Waaland, J.R. (2003). Linnaeus was right all along: Ulva and Enteromorpha are not distinct genera. European Journal of Phycology, 38: 277–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heesch, S., Broom, J.E.S., Neill, K.F., Farr, T.J., Dalen, J.L. & Nelson, W.A. (2009). Ulva, Umbraulva and Gemina: genetic survey of New Zealand taxa reveals diversity and introduced species. European Journal of Phycology, 44: 143–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiraoka, M. (2012). Intensive biomass production by green seaweed Ulva. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 91: 1154–1160.
   Google Scholar
• Hiraoka, M. & Enomoto, S. (1998). The induction of reproductive cell formation of Ulva pertusa Kjellman (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae). Phycological Research, 46: 199–203.
   Google Scholar
• Horimoto, R., Masakiyo, Y., Ichihara, K. & Shimada, S. (2011). Enteromorpha-like Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) growing in the Todoroki River, Ishigaki Island, Japan, with special reference to Ulva meridionalis Horimoto et Shimada, sp. nov. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B, Botany, 37: 155–167.
   Google Scholar
• Hughey, J.R., Millerb, K.A. & Gabrielson, P.W. (2018). Mitogenome analysis of a green tide forming Ulva from California, USA confirms its identity as Ulva expansa (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta). Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3: 1302–1303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughey, J.R., Maggs, C.A., Mineur, F., Jarvis, C., Miller, K.A. Shabaka, S.H. & Gabrielson, P.W. (2019). Genetic analysis of the Linnaean Ulva lactuca (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) holotype and related type specimens reveals name misapplications, unexpected origins, and new synonymies. Journal of Phycology, 55: 503–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichihara, K., Arai. S., Uchimura, M., Fay, J.E., Ebata, H., Hiraoka, M. & Shimada, S. (2009). New species of freshwater Ulva, Ulva limnetica (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Phycological Research, 57: 94–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichihara, K., Suzuki, R., Yamazaki, T., Ota, S., Mogi, Y., Kagami, Y., Kuwano K. & Kawano, S. (2015). Ulva partita sp. nov., a novel Enteromorpha-like Ulva species from Japanese coastal areas. Cytologia, 80: 261–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israel, A. & Einav, R. (2017). Alien seaweeds from the Levant basin (Eastern Mediterranean Sea), with emphasis to the Israeli shores. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 64: 99–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, P., Wang, J.F., Cui, Y.L., Li, Y.X., Lin, H.Z. & Qin, S. (2008). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of attached Ulvaceae species and free-floating Enteromorpha from Qingdao coasts in 2007. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 26: 276–279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, J.H., Jang, J.E., Kim, J.H., Byeon, S.Y., Kim, S., Choi, S.K., Kang, Y.H., Park, S.R. & Lee, H.J. (2019). Species composition, diversity, and distribution of the genus Ulva along the coast of Jeju Island, Korea based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. PLoS ONE, 14: e0219958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapraun, D.F. & Flynn, E.H. (1973). Culture studies of Enteromorpha linza (L.) I.Ag. and Vivaria oxysperma (Kutzing) Bliding (Chlorophyceae, Ulvales) from Central America. Phycologia, 12: 145–152.
   Google Scholar
• Kazi, M.A., Kavale, M.G. & Singh, V.V. (2016). Morphological and molecular characterization of Ulva chaugulii sp. nov., U. lactuca and U. ohnoi (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) from India. Phycologia, 55: 45–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keesing, J.K., Liu, D.Y., Fearns, P. & Garcia, R. (2011). Inter- and intra-annual patterns of Ulva prolifera green tides in the Yellow Sea during 2007–2009, their origin and relationship to the expansion of coastal seaweed aquaculture in China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62: 1169–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R.W., Weiss, A., Kuegler, S., Hermes, C. & Wichard, T. (2018). Macroalgal-bacterial interactions: role of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in microbial gardening by Ulva (Chlorophyta). Molecular Ecology, 27: 1808–1819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkendale, L., Saunders, G.W. & Winberg, P. (2013). A molecular survey of Ulva (Chlorophyta) in temperate Australia reveals enhanced levels of cosmopolitanism. Journal of Phycology, 49: 69–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koeman, R.P.T. & van den Hoek, C. (1981). The taxonomy of Ulva (Chlorophyceae) in the Netherlands. British Phycological Journal, 16: 9–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraft, L.G., Kraft, G.T. & Waller, R.F. (2010). Investigations into Southern Australian Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) taxonomy and molecular phylogeny indicate both cosmopolitanism and endemic cryptic species. Journal of Phycology, 46: 1257–1277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupnik, N., Paz, G., Douek, J., Lewinsohn, E., Israel, A., Mineur, F. & Maggs, C. (2018). Native, invasive and cryptogenic Ulva species from the Israeli Mediterranean Sea: risk and potential. Mediterranean Marine Science, 19: 132–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawton, R.J., Mata, L., Nys, R.D. & Paul, N.A. (2013). Algal bioremediation of waste waters from land-based aquaculture using Ulva: selecting target species and strains. PLoS ONE, 8: e77344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leskinen, E. & Pamilo, P. (1997). Evolution of the ITS sequences of ribosomal DNA in Enteromorpha (Chlorophyceae). Hereditas, 126: 17–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leskinen, E., Alström-Rapaport, C. & Pamilo, P. (2004). Phylogeographical structure, distribution and genetic variation of the green algae Ulva intestinalis and U. compressa (Chlorophyta) in the Baltic Sea area. Molecular Ecology, 13: 2257–2265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H.M., Zhang, C.S., Han, X.R. & Shi, X.Y. (2015). Changes in concentrations of oxygen, dissolved nitrogen, phosphate, and silicate in the southern Yellow Sea, 1980–2012: sources and seaward gradients. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 163: 44–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, A.P., Shen, S.D., Wang, J.W. & Yan, B.L. (2008). Reproduction diversity of Enteromorpha prolifera. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50: 622–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, D.Y., Jiang, J.J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y. & Di, B.P. (2012). Large scale northward expansion of warm water species Skeletonema tropicum (Bacillariophyceae) in China seas. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 30: 519–527.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, D.Y., Keesing, J.K., He, P.M., Wang, Z.L., Shi, Y.J. & Wang, Y.J. (2013a). The world’s largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea, China: formation and implications. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 129: 2–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H.Y., Liu, Z.Y., Wang, Y.C., Zhao, Y.S. & Qin, S. (2013b). Molecular diversity of Enteromorpha from the coast of Yantai: a dual-marker assessment. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 31: 1210–1215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loughnane, C.J., McIvor, L.M., Rindi, F., Stengel, D.B. & Guiry, M.D. (2008). Morphology, rbcL phylogeny and distribution of distromatic Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in Ireland and southern Britain. Phycologia, 47: 416–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons, D.A., Arvanitidis, C., Blight, A.J., Chatzinikolaou, E., Guy-Haim, T. & Kotta, J. (2014). Macroalgal blooms alter community structure and primary productivity in marine ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 20: 2712–2724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Z.L., Xu, Z.L. & Zhou, J. (2009). Effect of global warming on the distribution of Lucifer intermedius and L. hanseni (Decapoda) in the Changjiang estuary. Progress in Natural Science, 19: 1389–1395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggs, C.A., Blomster, J., Mineur, F. & Kelly, J. (2007). Ulva. In Green Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland (Brodie, J., Maggs, C.A. & John, D.M., editors), 80–103. Natural History Museum Publications, London.
   Google Scholar
• Malta, E.J., Draisma, S. & Kamermans, P. (1999). Free-floating Ulva in the southwest Netherlands: species or morphotypes? A morphological, molecular and ecological comparison. European Journal of Phycology, 34: 443–454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manhart, J.R. (1994). Phylogenetic analysis of green plant rbcL sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 3: 114–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins, I., Oliveria, J.M., Findt, M.R. & Marques, J.C. (1999). The effect of salinity on the growth rate of the macroalgae Enteromorpha intestinalis (Chlorophyta) in the Mondego estuary (west Portugal). Acta Oecologica, 20: 259–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masakiyo, Y. & Shimada, S. (2014). Species diversity of the genus Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in Japanese waters, with special reference to Ulva tepida Masakiyo et S. Shimada sp. nov. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B, Botany, 40: 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Melton, J.T., Collado, V.L. & Lopez, B.J.M. (2016). Molecular identification and nutrient analysis of the green tide species Ulva ohnoi M. Hiraoka & S. Shimada, 2004 (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta), a new report and likely nonnative species in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Florida, USA. Aquatic Invasions, 11: 225–237.
   Google Scholar
• Miladi, R., Manghisi, A., Minicante, S.A., Genovese, G., Abdelkafi, S. & Morabito, M. (2018). A DNA barcoding survey of Ulva (Chlorophyta) in Tunisia and Italy reveals the presence of the overlooked alien U. ohnoi. Cryptogamie Algologie, 39: 85–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mineur, F., Johnson, M.P. & Maggs, C.A. (2008). Macroalgal introductions by hull fouling on recreational vessels: seaweeds and sailors. Environmental Management, 42: 667–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa, T., Ohki, K. & Kamiya, M. (2013). Differences of spatial distribution and seasonal succession among Ulva species (Ulvophyceae) across salinity gradients. Phycologia, 52: 637–651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Kelly, C.J., Kurihara, A., Shipley, T.C. & Sherwood, A.R. (2010). Molecular assessment of Ulva spp. (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in the Hawaiian islands. Journal of Phycology, 46: 728–735.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, J.A. (1988). Field, anatomical and developmental studies on Southern Australian species of Ulva (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta). Australian Systematic Botany, 1: 411–456.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, J.A., Lawton, R.J., Denys, R., Paul, N.A. & Carl, C. (2016). Ulva sapora sp. nov., an abundant tubular species of Ulva (Ulvales) from the tropical Pacific Ocean. Phycologia, 55: 55–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirian, K., Piri, K., Sohrabipour, J., Jahromi, T.S. & Blomster, J. (2016). Molecular and morphological characterisation of Ulva chaugulii, U. paschima and U. ohnoi (Ulvophyceae) from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Botanica Marina, 59: 147–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provasoli, L. & Pintner, I.J. (1980). Bacteria induced polymorphism in an axenic laboratory strain of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae). Journal of Phycology, 16: 196–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, R.H. & Russell, G. (1978). Salinity fluctuations and their influence on “bottle brush” morphogenesis in Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link. British Phycological Journal, 13: 149–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, R.H. & Russell, G. (1979). Adaptation to salinity stress in populations of Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 8: 251–258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders, G.W. & Kucera, H. (2010). An evaluation of rbcL, tufA, UPA, LSU and ITS as DNA barcode markers for the marine green macroalgae. Cryptogamie Algologie, 31: 487–528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimada, S., Yokoyama, N., Arai, S. & Hiraoka, M. (2008). Phylogeography of the genus Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta), with special reference to the Japanese freshwater and brackish taxa. Journal of Applied Phycology, 20: 979–989.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smetacek, V. & Zingone, A. (2013). Green and golden seaweed tides on the rise. Nature, 504: 84–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spalding, H.L, Conklin, K.Y., Smith, C.M., O’Kelly, C.J. & Sherwood, A.R. (2016). New Ulvaceae (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) from mesophotic ecosystems across the Hawaiian Archipelago. Journal of Phycology, 52: 40–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30: 2725–2729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, I.H., Blomster, J., Hansen, G., Leskinen, E., Maggs, C.A., Mann, D.G., Sluimam, H.J. & Stanhope, M.J. (1999). Molecular phylogenetic evidence for a reversible morphogenetic switch controlling the gross morphology of two common genera of green seaweeds, Ulva and Enteromorpha. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 16: 1011–1018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner, C.E. (1979). The taxonomy and morphological variation of distromatic Ulvaceous algae (Chlorophyta) from the northeast Pacific. Ph.D. dissertation. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Tanner, C.E. (1986). Investigations of the taxonomy and morphological variation of Ulva (Chlorophyta): Ulva californica. Phycologia, 25: 510–520.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, R., Fletcher, R.L. & Raven, J.A. (2001). Preliminary studies on the growth of selected ‘Green tide’ algae in laboratory culture: effects of irradiance, temperature, salinity and nutrients on growth rate. Botanica Marina, 44: 327–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teichberg, E., Fox, S.E., Olsen, Y.S., Valiela, I., Martinetto, P., Iribarne, O., Muto, E.Y., Petti, M.A.V., Corbisier, T.N., Sotojimenez, M.F., Paezosuna, F., Castro, P., Freitas, H., Zitelli, A., Cardinaletti, M. & Tagliapietra, D. (2010). Eutrophication and macroalgal blooms in temperate and tropical coastal waters: nutrient enrichment experiments with Ulva spp. Global Change Biology, 16: 2624–2637.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997). The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research, 25: 4876–4882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titlyanov, E.A., Titlyanova, T.V., Li, X.B., Kalita, T. & Huang, H. (2015). Recent (2008–2012) seaweed flora of Hainan Island, South China Sea. Marine Biology Research, 11: 540–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng, C.K. (1962). Economic Marine Algae Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing.
   Google Scholar
• Tseng, C.K. (2009). Seaweeds in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China. Science Press, Beijing.
   Google Scholar
• Tseng, C.K. & Chang, C.F. (1963). A preliminary analytical study of the Chinese marine algal flora. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 8: 245–253.
   Google Scholar
• Tsubaki, S., Wada, Y., Onda, A., Ueda, T., Hiraoka, M. & Fujii, S. (2017). Hydrothermal processing of seaweed biomass. In Hydrothermal Processing in Biorefineries (Ruiz, H.A., Thomsen, H.M. & Tranjano H.L., editors), 443–445. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Z.L., Xiao, J., Fan, S.L., Li, Y., Liu, X.Q. & Liu, D.Y. (2015). Who made the world’s largest green tide in China? An integrated study on the initiation and early development of the green tide in Yellow Sea. Limnology and Oceanography, 60: 1105–1117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Q.S., Yao, Q.Z., Wang, B.D., Wang, H.W. & Yu, Z.G. (2015). Long-term variation of nutrients in the southern Yellow Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 111: 184–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, A., Costa, R. & Wichard, T. (2017). Morphogenesis of Ulva mutabilis (Chlorophyta) induced by Maribacter species (Bacteroidetes, Flavobacteriaceae). Botanica Marina, 60: 197–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf, M.A., Sciuto, K., Andreoli, C. & Moro, I. (2012). Ulva (Chlorophyta, Ulvales) biodiversity in the North Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean, Italy): cryptic species and new introductions. Journal of Phycology, 48: 1510–1521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yabe, T., Ishii, Y., Amano, Y., Koga, T., Hayashi, S., Nohara, S. & Tatsumoto, H. (2009). Green tide formed by free-floating Ulva spp. at Yatsu tidal flat, Japan. Limnology, 10: 239–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, N.H., Zhang, X.W., Mao, Y.Z., Liang, C.W., Xu, D., Zou, J., Zhuang, Z.M. & Wang, Q.Y. (2011). Green tides are overwhelming the coastline of our blue planet: taking the world’s largest example. Ecological Research, 26: 477–485.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J.H., Liu, C.C., Yang, L.L., Gao, S., Ji, X., Huo, Y.Z., Yu, K.F., Xu, R. & He, P.M. (2015). The source of the Ulva blooms in the East China Sea by the combination of morphological, molecular and numerical analysis. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 164: 418–424.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., Jiang, P., Liu, Z.Y., Wei, W., Lin, H.Z., Li, F.C., Wang, J.F. & Qin, S. (2013). The Yellow Sea green tides were dominated by one species, Ulva (Enteromorpha) prolifera, from 2007 to 2011. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58: 2298–2302.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., Jiang, P., Qin, S., Liu, X.J., Liu, Z.Y., Lin, H.Z., Li, F.C., Chen, H.X. & Wu, C.H. (2015). Genetic analyses of floating Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea suggest a unique ecotype. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 163: 96–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., Jiang, P., Qiu, R., Ma, Y.Y., Wu, C.H. & Fu, H.H. (2018). The Yellow Sea green tide: a risk of macroalgae invasion. Harmful Algae, 77: 11–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar