418
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Tracking movement in small insect pests, with special reference to aphid populations

&
Pages 307-315 | Published online: 23 Feb 2007

References

References

  • ANDOW DA KAREIVA PM LEVIN SA OKUBO A 1993 Spread of invading organisms: Patterns of spread In Ke Chung Kim and Bruce A. McPheron (eds) Evolution of Insect Pests: Patterns of Variation, (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York) pp. 219–242
  • ANSTEAD , JA , BURD , JD and SHUFRAN , KA . 2002 . Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence among Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) clones from cultivated and non-cultivated hosts: haplotype and host associations . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 92 : 17 – 24 .
  • ARAYA , JE , FERERES , A and FOSTER , JE . 1987 . Progress report on the distribution of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia, in the United States . FAO Plant Protection Bulletin , 35 : 79 – 82 .
  • BARBER , MD , MOORES , GD , TATCHELL , GM , VICE , WE and DENHOLM , I . 1999 . Insecticide resistance in the currant–lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the UK . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 89 : 17 – 23 .
  • BLACKMER , JL and BYRNE , DN . 1995 . Behavioural, morphological, and physiological traits associated with migratory Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) . Journal of Insect Behaviour , 8 : 251 – 267 .
  • BYRNE , DN , RATHMAN , RJ , ORUM , TV and PALUMBO , JC . 1996 . Localized migration and dispersal by the sweet potato whitefly . Bemisia tabaci. Oecologia , 105 : 320 – 328 .
  • CAMMELL , ME , TATCHELL , GM and WOIWOD , IP . 1989 . Spatial pattern of abundance of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, in Britain . Journal of Applied Ecology , 26 : 463 – 472 .
  • CARTER , CI , FOURT , DF and BARTLETT , PW . 1984 . The lupin aphid's arrival and consequences . Antenna (Bulletin of the Royal Entomological Society) , 8 : 129 – 132 .
  • CARVALHO GR OOSTERHOUT C VAN HAUSER L MAGURRAN AE 2003 Measuring genetic variation in wild populations: from molecular markers to adaptive traits In R. S. Hails, J. E. Beringer and H. C. J. Godfray (eds), Genes in the Environment, British Ecological Society Symposium, 17–19 September 2001, St. Catherine's College, Oxford University, UK (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK) pp. 91–111
  • CLARIDGE MF 2003 Species, acoustic signals and an insect “coelacanth Presidential Address to the Royal Entomological Society, 12th June 2002 Antenna (Bulletin of the Royal Entomological Society) 27 304 309
  • CLARIDGE MF DAWAH HA WILSON MR (eds) 1997 Species: the Units of Biodiversity Systematics Association Special Volume, Series 54, Chapman & Hall, London
  • COMPTON SG 2002 Sailing with the wind: dispersal by small flying insects In J. M. Bullock, R. E. Kenward and R. S. Hails (eds), Dispersal Ecology British Ecological Society Symposium, 3–5 April, 2001, Reading University, UK (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK) pp. 113–133
  • CRACRAFT J 1983 Species concepts and species analysis In R. Johnston (ed.), Current Ornithology, (Plenum: New York) pp. 159–187
  • DAVID , CT and HARDIE , J . 1988 . The visual responses of free-flying summer and autumn forms of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, in an automated flight chamber . Physiological Entomology , 13 : 277 – 284 .
  • DE BARRO , PJ , SHERRATT , TN , BROOKES , CP , DAVID , O and MACLEAN , N . 1995 . Spatial and temporal genetic variation in British field populations of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) studied using RAPD-PCR . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B , 262 : 321 – 327 .
  • DE BARRO , PJ , SHERRATT , TN , CARVALHO , GR , NICOL , D , IYENGAR , A and MACLEAN , N . 1994 . An analysis of secondary spread by putative clones of Sitobion avenae within a Hampshire wheat field using the multilocus (GATA)4 probe . Insect Molecular Biology , 3 : 253 – 260 .
  • DEVONSHIRE AL 1989 Resistance of aphids to insecticides In A. Minks and P. Harrewijn, (eds) Aphids, their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Volume C, (Elsevier, Amsterdam) pp. 123–139
  • DEVONSHIRE AL FIELD LM FOSTER SP MOORES GD WILLIAMSON MS BLACKMAN RL 1998 The evolution of insecticide resistance in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences 353 1677–1684
  • DIXON AFG 1998 Aphid Ecology 2nd ed, (London: Chapman & Hall)
  • DOBZHANSKY T WRIGHT S 1943 Genetics of natural populations. X. Dispersion rates in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 28 304 340
  • FENTON , B , WOODFORD , JAT and MALLOCH , G . 1998, 1475–1487 . Analysis of clonal diversity of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), in Scotland, UK and evidence for the existence of a predominant clone . Molecular Ecology , 7
  • FIELD , LM and BLACKMAN , RL . 2003 . Insecticide resistance in the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer): Chromosome location and epigenetic effects on esterase gene expression in clonal lineages . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 79 : 107 – 113 .
  • FOSTER , SP , DENHOLM , I and DEVONSHIRE , AL . 2000 . The ups and downs of insecticide resistance in peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae) in the UK . Crop Protection , 19 : 873 – 879 .
  • FOSTER , SP , HARRINGTON , R , DEWAR , AM , DENHOLM , I and DEVONSHIRE , AL . 2002 . Temporal and spatial dynamics of insecticide resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) . Pest Management Science , 58 : 895 – 907 .
  • FULLER , SJ , CHAVIGNY , P , LAPCHIN , L and VANLEBERGHE-MASSUTI , F . 1999, 1867–1877 . Variation in clonal diversity in glasshouse infestations of the aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover in southern France . Molecular Ecology , 8
  • GEORGHIOU GP 1990 Overview of Insecticide Resistance In M. B. Green, H. M. Le Baron and W. K. Moberg (eds) Managing Resistance to Agrochemicals, (Washington, DC: American chemical Society) pp. 18–41
  • GUILLEMAUD , T , MIEUZET , L and SIMON , J-C . 2003 . Spatial and temporal genetic variability in French populations of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae . Heredity , 91 : 143 – 152 .
  • HAACK , L , SIMON , J-C , GAUTHEIR , J-P , PLANTEGENEST , M and DEDRYVER , C-A . 2000, 2055–2066 . Evidence for predominant clones in a cyclically parthenogenetic organism provided by combined demographic and genetic analyses . Molecular Ecology , 9
  • HALBERT SE JENNINGS MD COGAN CB QUISENBERRY SS JOHNSON JB 1995 Potential use of suction trap collections of aphids as indicators of plant biodiversity In R. Harrington and N. E. Stork (eds), Symposia of the Royal Entomological Society, Publication No. 17, (London: Academic Press) pp. 499–504
  • HALBERT SE ELBERSON LR FENG M-G POPRAWSKI TJ WRAIGHT S JOHNSON JB QUISENBERRY SS 1998 Suction trap data: Implication for crop protection forecasting In A response model for an introduced pest — the Russian wheat aphid, Thomas Say Publication Series (Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America) pp. 412–428
  • HARDIE , J . 1994 . Variation in behavioural migration in aphids . European Journal of Entomology , 91 : 115 – 120 .
  • HARDIE J CAMPBELL CAM 1998 The flight behaviour of spring and autumn forms of the damson–hop aphid, Phorodon humuli, in the laboratory In J. M. Nieto Nafría and A. F. G. Dixon (eds), Aphids in natural and managed ecosystems, (Universidad de León (Spain: Secretariado de Publicaciones), León) pp. 205–212
  • HARDIE , J and POWELL , G . 2002 . Video analysis of aphid flight behaviour . Computers and Electronics in Agriculture , 35 : 229 – 242 .
  • HARDIE , J , STORER , JR , COOK , FJ , CAMPBELL , CAM , WADHAMS , LJ , LILLEY , R and PEACE , L . 1996 . Sex pheromone and visual trap interactions in mate location strategies and aggregation by host-alternating aphids in the field . Physiological Entomology , 21 : 97 – 106 .
  • HARDIE , J and SCHLUMBERGER , A . 1996 . The early appearance of foraging flight associated with starvation in an aphid . Entomologia experimentalis et Applicata , 80 : 73 – 75 .
  • HARDIE , J and YOUNG , S . 1997 . Aphid flight-track analysis in three dimensions using video techniques . Physiological Entomology , 22 : 116 – 122 .
  • HARDY , AC and CHENG , L . 1986 . Studies in the distribution of insects by aerial currents. III. Insect drift over the sea . Ecological Entomology , 11 : 283 – 290 .
  • HARRINGTON , R . 1997 . Thirty two years down the tube . Beet Review , 65 : 19 – 21 .
  • HARRINGTON R VERRIER P DENHOLM C HULLÉ M MAURICE D BELL N KNIGHT J ROUNSEVELL M COCU N BARBAGALLO S BASKY Z COCEANO P-G DERRON J KATIS N LUKÁŠOVÁ H MARRKULA I MOHAR J PICKUP J ROLOT J-L RUSZKOWSKA M SCHLIEPHAKE E SECO-FERNANDEZ M-V SIGVALD R TSITSIPIS J ULBER B 2004 EXAMINE’ (EXploitation of Aphid Monitoring in Europe): An EU Thematic Network for the study of global change impacts on aphids In J.-C. Simon, C. A. Dedryver, C. Rispe and M. Hullé (eds) Aphids in a new millennium, Proceedings, 6th International Aphid Symposium, Rennes, 3rd–7th September 2001, (France: NRA Editions, Rennes) pp. 45–49
  • HARRIS KF MARAMOROSCH KK (eds) 1977 Aphids as Virus Vectors (New York and London: Academic Press)
  • HENRY , CS . 1994 . Singing and cryptic speciation in insects . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 9 : 388 – 392 .
  • ISAACS , R and BYRNE , DN . 1998 . Aerial distribution, flight behaviour and eggload: their inter-relationship during dispersal by the sweet potato whitefly . Journal of Animal Ecology , 67 : 741 – 750 .
  • ITOYAMA , K , TOJO , S , YANAGITA , T and HARDIE , J . 2000 . Lipid composition in long day and short day forms of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae . Journal of Insect Physiology , 46 : 119 – 125 .
  • JEFFRIES , MJ and LAWTON , JH . 1984 . Enemy-free space and the structure of biological communities . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 23 : 269 – 286 .
  • KENNEDY , JS and BOOTH , CO . 1963 . Free flight of aphids in the laboratory . Journal of Experimental Biology , 40 : 67 – 85 .
  • KENWARD RE RUSHTON SP PERRINS CM MACDONALD DW SOUTH AB 2002 From marking to modeling: dispersal study techniques for land vertebrates In J. M. Bullock, R. E. Kenward and R. S. Hails (eds), Dispersal Ecology British Ecological Society Symposium, 3–5 April, 2001, Reading University, UK (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing) pp. 50–71
  • KIDD , NAC and CLEAVER , AM . 1986 . The control of migratory urge in Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 76 : 77 – 87 .
  • LAVANDERO , B , WRATTEN , S , HAGLER , J and JERVIS , M . 2004 . The need for effective marking and tracking techniques for monitoring the movement of insect predators and parasites . International Journal of Pest Management , 50 : 147 – 151 .
  • LEWIS , OT , THOMAS , CD , HILL , JK , BROOKES , MI , CRANE , TPR , GRANEAU , YA , MALLET , JLB and ROSE , OC . 1997 . Three ways of assessing metapopulation structure in the butterfly . Plebejus argus. Ecological Entomology , 22 : 283 – 293 .
  • LEWIS T GRATWICK M PLUMB RT WRIGHT K 2001 IdentiPest CD-ROM, British Crop Protection Council (BCPC), ISBN 1-901396-05–3
  • LIQUIDO , NJ and IRWIN , ME . 1986 . Longevity, fecundity, change in degree of gravidity and lipid content with adult age, and lipid utilization during tethered flight of alates of the corn leaf aphid . Rhopalosiphum maidis. Annals of Applied Biology , 108 : 449 – 459 .
  • LLEWELLYN KS 2000 Genetic structure and dispersal of cereal aphid populations PhD thesis, University of Nottingham, UK
  • LLEWELLYN , KS , LOXDALE , HD , HARRINGTON , R , BROOKES , CP , CLARK , SJ and SUNNUCKS , P . 2003 . Migration and genetic structure of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) in Britain related to climatic adaptation and clonal fluctuation revealed using microsatellites . Molecular Ecology , 12 : 21 – 34 .
  • LOSEL , PM , LINDEMANN , M , SCHERKENBECK , J , MAIER , J , ENGELHARD , B , CAMPBELL , CAM , HARDIE , J , PICKETT , JA , WADHAMS , LJ , ELBERT , A and THIELKING , G . 1996 . The potential of semiochemicals for control of Phorodon humuli (Homoptera: Aphididae) . Pesticide Science , 48 : 293 – 303 .
  • LOXDALE , HD and LUSHAI , G . 1998 . Molecular markers in entomology . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 88 : 577 – 600 .
  • LOXDALE , HD and LUSHAI , G . 1999, 1479–1495 . Slaves of the environment: the movement of insects in relation to their ecology and genotype . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B, Biological Sciences , 354
  • LOXDALE HD LUSHAI G 2001 Use of genetic diversity in movement studies of flying insects In I. P. Woiwod, D. R. Reynolds and C. D. Thomas (eds), Royal Entomological Society 20th International Symposium volume Insect movement: mechanisms and consequences, Imperial College, London; September 13–14, 1999, (UK: CABI, Wallingford) pp. 361–386
  • LOXDALE , HD and LUSHAI , G . 2003 . Rapid changes in clonal lines: the death of a ‘sacred cow . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 79 : 3 – 16 .
  • LOXDALE , HD , BROOKES , CP , WYNNE , IR and CLARK , SJ . 1998 . Genetic variability within and between English populations of the damson-hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), with special reference to esterases associated with insecticide resistance . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 88 : 513 – 526 .
  • LOXDALE , HD , HARDIE , J , HALBERT , S , FOOTTIT , R , KIDD , NAC and CARTER , CI . 1993 . The relative importance of short- and long-range movement of flying aphids . Biological Reviews , 68 : 291 – 311 .
  • LUSHAI , G and LOXDALE , HD . 2002 . The biological improbability of a clone (mini-review) . Genetical Research, Cambridge , 79 : 1 – 9 .
  • LUSHAI G FOOTTIT R MAW E BARETTE R 2004 Genetic variation in the Green apple aphid, Aphis pomi De Geer (Aphididae, Homoptera) detected using microsatellite DNA flanking sequences In J.-C. Simon, C. A. Dedryver, C. Rispe and M. Hullé (eds) Aphids in a new millennium, Proceedings, 6th International Aphid Symposium, Rennes, 3rd–7th September 2001, (France: INRA Editions, Rennes) pp. 245–251
  • LUSHAI , G , LOXDALE , HD and ALLEN , JA . 2003 . The dynamic clonal genome and its adaptive potential . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 79 : 193 – 208 .
  • LUSHAI , G , MARKOVITCH , O and LOXDALE , HD . 2002 . Host-based genotype variation in insects revisited . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 92 : 159 – 164 .
  • MACAULAY , EDM , TATCHELL , GM and TAYLOR , LR . 1988 . The Rothamsted Insect Survey 12-metre suction trap . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 78 : 121 – 129 .
  • MACDONALD , C and LOXDALE , HD . 2004 . Molecular markers to study population structure and dynamics in beneficial insects (predators and parasitoids) . International Journal of Pest Management , 50 : 215 – 224 .
  • MARTÍNEZ-TORRES , D , MOYA , A , HEBERT , PDN and SIMON , J-C . 1997 . Geographic distribution and seasonal variation of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 87 : 161 – 167 .
  • MASSONNET B WEISSER W 2004 Patterns of genetic differentiation between populations of the specialised herbivore Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria (Homoptera: Aphididae) Heredity (in press)
  • MAYR E 1982 The Growth of Biological Thought. Diversity, Evolution and Inheritance Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
  • MCCONNELL , S , HAMILTON , L , MORRIS , D , COOK , D , PAQUET , D , BENTZEN , P and WRIGHT , J . 1995 . Isolation of salmonid microsatellite loci and their application to the population genetics of Canadian east coast stocks of Atlantic salmon . Aquaculture , 137 : 19 – 30 .
  • NICOL , D , ARMSTRONG , KF , WRATTEN , SD , CAMERON , CM , FRAMPTON , C and FENTON , B . 1997 . Genetic variation in an introduced aphid pest (Metopolophium dirhodum) in New Zealand and relation to individuals from Europe . Molecular Ecology , 6 : 255 – 265 .
  • NOTTINGHAM , SF and HARDIE , J . 1993 . Flight behaviour of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, and the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, in host and non-host plant odour . Physiological Entomology , 18 : 389 – 394 .
  • NOTTINGHAM , SF , HARDIE , J and TATCHELL , GM . 1991 . Flight behaviour of the bird cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi . Physiological Entomology , 16 : 223 – 229 .
  • ODONALD , P and MAJERUS , MEN . 1992 . Non-random mating in Adalia bipunctata (the 2-spot ladybird).3. New evidence of genetic preference . Heredity , 69 : 521 – 526 .
  • OKAMURA B FREELAND JR 2002 Gene flow and the evolutionary ecology of passively dispersing aquatic invertebrates In J. M. Bullock, R. E. Kenward and R. S. Hails (eds), Dispersal Ecology British Ecological Society Symposium, 3–5 April, 2001, Reading University, UK (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing) pp. 194–216
  • OSBORNE JL LOXDALE HD WOIWOD IP 2002 Monitoring insect dispersal: methods and approaches In J. M. Bullock, R. E. Kenward and R. S. Hails (eds), Dispersal Ecology British Ecological Society Symposium, 3–5 April, 2001, Reading University, UK (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing) pp. 24–49
  • PRESTON CD PEARMAN DA DINES TD 2002 New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora - An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
  • PERRY , JN . 1995 . Spatial analysis by distance indices . Journal of Animal Ecology , 64 : 303 – 314 .
  • PETERSON , MA and DENNO , RF . 1998 . The influence of dispersal and diet breadth on patterns of genetic isolation by distance in phytophagous insects . American Naturalist , 152 : 428 – 446 .
  • PUTERKA , GJ , BLACK , WC , STEINER , WM and BURTON , RL . 1993 . Genetic-variation and phylogenetic relationships among worldwide collections of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), inferred from allozyme and RAPD-PCR markers . Heredity , 70 : 604 – 618 .
  • RAYBOULD AF CLARKE RT BOND JM WELTERS RE GLIDDON CJ 2002 Inferring patterns of dispersal from allele frequency data In J. M. Bullock, R. E. Kenward and R. S. Hails (eds), Dispersal Ecology British Ecological Society Symposium, 3–5 April, 2001, Reading University, UK (Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing) pp. 89–110
  • ROSKAM , JC and BRAKEFIELD , PM . 1999 . Seasonal polyphenism in Bicyclus (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) butterflies: Different climates need different cues . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 66 : 345 – 356 .
  • ROSS KG 2001 How to measure dispersal: the genetic approach. The example of fire ants In J. Clobert, E. Danchin, A. A. Dhondt and J. D. Nichols (eds), Dispersal, (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press) pp. 29–42
  • ROUSSET F 2001 Genetic approaches to the estimation of dispersal rates In J. Clobert, E. Danchin, A. A. Dhondt and J. D. Nichols (eds), Dispersal, (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press) pp. 18–28
  • SHERLOCK , PL , BOWDEN , J and DIGBY , PGN . 1985 . Studies of elemental composition as a biological marker in insects. 4. The influence of soil type and host-plant on elemental composition of Agrotis segetum (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 75 : 675 – 687 .
  • SHUFRAN , KA , BURD , JD , ANSTEAD , JA and LUSHAI , G . 2000 . Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence among greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) biotypes: evidence for host-adapted races . Insect Molecular Biology , 9 : 179 – 184 .
  • SHUFRAN , KA , BLACK, (IV) , WC and MARGOLIES , DC . 1991 . DNA fingerprinting to study spatial and temporal distributions of an aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Homoptera: Aphididae) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 81 : 303 – 313 .
  • SIMON , J-C , MARTINEZ-TORRES , D , LATORRE , A , MOYA , A and HEBERT , PDN . 1996 . Molecular characterization of cyclic and obligate parthenogens of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B , 263 : 481 – 486 .
  • SIMON , J-C , DELMOTTE , F , RISPE , C and CREASE , T . 2003 . Phylogenetic relationships between parthenogens and their sexual relatives: the possible routes to parthenogenesis in animals . Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 79 : 151 – 163 .
  • SIMON , J-C , BAUMANN , S , SUNNUCKS , P , HEBERT , PDN , PIERRE , J-S , LE GALLIC , J-F and DEDRYVER , CA . 1999 . Reproductive mode and population genetic structure of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae studied using phenotypic and microsatellite markers . Molecular Ecology , 8 : 531 – 545 .
  • STORER , JR , YOUNG , S and HARDIE , J . 1999 . Three-dimensional analysis of aphid landing behaviour in the laboratory and field . Physiological Entomology , 24 : 271 – 277 .
  • SUCKLING , DM , HILL , RL , GOURLAY , AH and WITZGALL , P . 1999 . Sex attractant-based monitoring of a biological control agent of gorse . Biocontrol Science and Technology , 9 : 99 – 104 .
  • SUNNUCKS , P , DE BARRO , PJ , LUSHAI , G , MACLEAN , N and HALES , D . 1997, 1059–1073 . Genetic structure of an aphid studied using microsatellites: cyclic parthenogenesis, differentiated lineages, and host specialization . Molecular Ecology , 6
  • TAIMR , L and KŘÍŽ , J . 1978 . Stratiform drift of the hop aphid (Phorodon humuli Schrank) . Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie , 86 : 71 – 79 .
  • TATCHELL , GM . 1989 . An estimate of the potential economic-losses to some crops due to aphids in Britain . Crop Protection , 8 : 25 – 29 .
  • TATCHELL , GM , PLUMB , RT and CARTER , N . 1988 . Migration of alate morphs of the bird cherry aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) and implications for the spread of barley yellow dwarf virus . Annals of Applied Biology , 112 : 1 – 11 .
  • TAYLOR LR 1974 Monitoring change in the distribution and abundance of insects Rothamsted Experimental Station, Report for 1973, Part 2 pp. 202–239
  • TAYLOR , LR . 1986 . Synoptic dynamics, migration and the Rothamsted Insect Survey . Journal of Animal Ecology , 55 : 1 – 38 .
  • TERRADOT , L , SIMON , J-C , LETERME , N , BOURDIN , D , WILSON , ACC , GAUTHIER , J-P and ROBERT , Y . 1999 . Molecular characterization of clones of the Myzus persicae complex (Hemiptera: Aphididae) differing in their ability to transmit the potato leaf roll luteovirus (PLRV) . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 89 : 355 – 363 .
  • UN-DIVISION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2003 http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/agenda21toc.htm
  • VIA , S . 1999, 1446–1457 . Reproductive isolation between sympatric races of pea aphids. I. Gene flow restriction and habitat choice . Evolution , 53
  • WELLINGS , PW . 1994 . How variable are rates of colonization? . European Journal of Entomology , 91 : 121 – 125 .
  • WESTBROOK , JK , ESQUIVEL , JF , LOPEZ , JD , JONES , GD , WOLF , WW and RAULSTON , JR . 1998 . Validation of bollworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) migration across south-central Texas in 1994–1996 . South-western Entomologist , 23 : 209 – 219 .
  • WIENS JA 2001 The landscape context of dispersal In J. Clobert, E. Danchin, A. A. Dhondt and J. D. Nichols (eds), Dispersal, (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press) pp. 96–109
  • WILSON , ACC , SUNNUCKS , P and HALES , DF . 1999, 1655–1666 . Microevolution, low clonal diversity and genetic affinities of parthenogenetic Sitobion aphids in New Zealand . Molecular Ecology , 8
  • WOIWOD IP HARRINGTON R 1994 Flying in the face of change: the Rothamsted Insect Survey In R. A. Leigh and A. E. Johnston (eds), Long-term Experiments in Agricultural and Ecological Sciences, (Wallingford, UK: CAB International) pp. 321–342
  • WOIWOD IP TATCHELL GM DUPUCH MJ MACAULAY EDM PARKER SJ RILEY AM TAYLOR MS 1988 Rothamsted Insect Survey: Nineteenth Annual Summary: Suction Traps 1987 Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1987, Part 2 pp. 195–229
  • WYNNE , IR , HOWARD , JJ , LOXDALE , HD and BROOKES , CP . 1994 . Population genetic structure during aestivation in the sycamore aphid Drepanosiphum platanoidis (Hemiptera: Drepanosiphidae) . European Journal of Entomology , 91 : 375 – 383 .
  • ZERA , AJ and DENNO , RF . 1997 . Physiology and ecology of dispersal polymorphism in insects . Annual Review of Entomology , 42 : 207 – 230 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.