An evaluation of smallholder farmers' knowledge, perceptions, choices and gender perspectives in vegetable pests and diseases control practices in the humid tropics of Cameroon

References

• Abang AF, Kouame CM, Abang M, Hannah R, Fotso AK. 2013. Vegetable growers perception of pesticide use practices, cost and health effects in tropical region of Cameroon. Int J Agron Plant Prod. 45:873–883.
   Google Scholar
• Abang AF, Kouamé CM, Abang M, Hanna R, Fotso AK. 2014. Assessing vegetable farmer knowledge of diseases and insect pests of vegetable and management practices under tropical conditions. Int J Veg Sci. 20:240–253.
   Google Scholar
• Adesina AA, Baidu-Forson J. 1995. Farmers' perceptions and adoption of new agricultural technology: evidence from analysis in Burkina Paso and Guinea, West Africa. Agr Econ. 13:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afari-Sefa V, Tenkouano A, Ojiewo OC, Keatinge HDJ, Hughes d'AJ. 2012. Vegetable breeding in Africa: constraints, complexity and contributions toward achieving food and nutritional security. Food Sec. 4:115–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afari-Sefa V, Asare-Bediako E, Kenyon L, Micah JA. 2015. Pesticide use practices and perceptions of vegetable farmers in the cocoa belts of the Ashanti and Western Regions of Ghana. Adv Crop Sci Technol. 3:174.
   Google Scholar
• Amuoh C. 2011. A case study of health risk estimate for pesticide-users of fruits and vegetable farmers in Cameroon: nutrition & rural development [MSc thesis]. Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium, (June). Accessed 11 December 2015. Available from: http://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/789/883/RUG01-001789883_2012_0001_AC.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Amoah P, Drechsel P, Abaidoo CR, Ntow WJ. 2006. Pesticide and pathogen contamination of vegetables in Ghana's urban markets. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 50:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asfaw A, Admassie A. 2004. The role of education on the adoption of chemical fertilizer under different socioeconomic environments in Ethiopia. Agr Econ. 30:215–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avicor WS, Owusu OE, Eziah YV. 2011. Farmers’ perception on insect pest control and insecticide usage pattern in selected areas of Ghana. New York Sci J. 4:23–29.
   Google Scholar
• Bidogeza JC, Berentsen PBM, Graaff Jan de, Lansink AO. 2015. Potential impact of alternative agricultural technologies to ensure food security and raise income of farm households in Rwanda. Forum Develop Stud. 42:133–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bidogeza JC, Berentsen PBM, Graaff Jan de, Lansink, AO. 2009. Farm household typology for Umutara province in Rwanda. Food Sec. 1:321–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO 2015. The state of food insecurity in the World 2014. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
   Google Scholar
• Feder G, Umali DL. 1993. The adoption of agricultural innovations: a review. Technol Forecast Soc Change. 43:215–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gbénonchi M, Rômulo P, Scorza J, Dossa LE, Akouété Alaté K-K. 2014. Insecticide residues in soil and water in coastal areas of vegetable production in Togo. Environ Monit Assess. 186:7379–7385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimou M-M, Charrondiere UR, Leblanc J-C, Pouillot R. 2008. Dietary exposure to pesticide residues in Yaoundè: the Cameroonian total diet study. Food Addit. Contam. 25:458–471.
   Google Scholar
• Horna D, Smale M, Al-Hassan R, Falck-Zepeda J, Timpo SE. 2008. Insecticide use on vegetables in Ghana: Would GM seed benefit farmers? Discussion Paper. Washington (DC): International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
   Google Scholar
• Kamga R, Kouamé C, Akyeampong E. 2013. Vegetable consumption patterns in Yaounde. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev. 13:7399–7414.
   Google Scholar
• Keatinge JDH, Yang R-Y, Hughes Jd'A, Holmer R and Easdown, WJ. 2011. The importance of ensuring both food and nutritional security in attainment of the Millennium Development Goals. Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food. 3:491–501.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews G, Wiles T, Baleguet P. 2003. A survey of pesticide application in Cameroon. Crop Prot. 22:707–714.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngowi AVF, Mbise TJ, Ijani ASM, London, L, Ajayi OC. 2007. Smallholder vegetable farmers in Northern Tanzania: pesticides use practices, perceptions, and cost and health effects. Crop Prot. 26:1617–1624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngugi KI, Gitau R, Nyoro KJ. 2006. Regoverning markets: access to high value markets by smallholder farmers of African indigenous vegetables in Kenya. Tegemeo Institute, Egerton University. Technical Report Submitted to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Nairobi (Kenya). Accessed 4 March 2015. Available from: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ivc/docs/Access_to_High_Value_Markets_Indigenous_Vegetables.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ntow WJ. 2008. The use and fate of pesticides in vegetable-based agro-ecosystems in Ghana. Oxford: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. p. 112.
   Google Scholar
• Ntow WJ, Gijzen HJ, Kelgerman P, Drechsel P. 2006. Farmer perceptions and pesticide use practices in vegetable production in Ghana. Pest Manag Sci. 62:356–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyirenda SP, Sileshi GW, Belmain SR, Kamanula JF, Mvumi BM, Sola P, Nyirenda GKC, Stevenson PC. 2011. Farmers’ ethno-ecological knowledge of vegetable pests and pesticidal plant use in Malawi and Zambia. Afr J Agr Res. 6:1525–1537.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onyango C. 2010. Preharvest and postharvest factors affecting yield and nutrient contents of vegetable amaranth (var. Amaranthus hypochondriacus)’ [PhD thesis]. Wageningen: Wageningen University.
   Google Scholar
• Onyango MC, Imungi JK. 2007. Postharvest handling and characteristics of fresh-cut traditional vegetables sold in Nairobi-Kenya. In: Crop research, technology dissemination and adoption to increase food supply, reducing hunger and poverty in Africa. 8th African Crop Science Conference Proceedings, Part 3 and 4, 27–31 October 2007, El-Minia, Egypt.
   Google Scholar
• Settle W, Soumare´ M, Sarr M, Garba MH, Poisot A-S. 2014. Reducing pesticide risks to farming communities: cotton farmer field schools in Mali. Phil Trans R Soc. 369:2012–0277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith IF, Eyzaguirre P. 2007. African leafy vegetables: their role in the World Health Organization's global fruit & vegetable initiative. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev. 7:1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Sonwa JD, Coulibaly O, Weise FS, Adesina AA, Janssens JJM. 2008. Management of cocoa: constraints during acquisition and application of pesticides in the humid forest zones of southern Cameroon. Crop Prot. 27:1159–1164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tenge A, De graaff J, Hella JP. 2004. Social and economic factors affecting the adoption of soil and water conservation in west Usambara highlands, Tanzania. Land Degrad Dev. 15:99–114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNEP. 2013. Global Chemicals Outlook - Towards Sound Management of Chemicals. Technical Report. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2014. Non communicable diseases (NCD) country profiles. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (July). 210pp. ISBN: 978-92-4-150750-9. Accessed 5 October 2015. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/128038/1/9789241507509_eng.pdf?ua=1.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2015. 2014 Global status report on non communicable diseases. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 280pp. ISBN: 978-92-4-156485-4. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/148114/1/9789241564854_eng.pdf
   Google Scholar