- ASSOCIATION FOR THE MEKTALLY HANDICAPPED . 1992 . Programme of the Association for the Mentally Handicapped , Tampere : Available from the Association Pinninkatu 53, FIN-33100 . [In Finnish]
- BELLAMY , G.T. and HORNER , R.H. 1987 . “ Beyond high school: residential and employment options after graduation ” . In Systematic Instruction of Persons with Severe Handicaps, , Edited by: SNELL , M.E. 491 – 510 . Columbus : Charles E. Merrill .
- BERGER , P. and LUCKMANN , T. 1967 . The Social Construction of Reality. A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge , Harmondsworth : Penguin Books .
- BLOM , H. , LAUKKANEN , R. , LINDSTROM , A. , SARESMA , U. and VIRTANEN , P. 1996 . “ Summary and conclusions ” . In The State of Special Education, , Edited by: BLOM , H. , LAUKKANEN , R. , LINDSTROM , A. , SARESMA , U. and VIRTANEN , P. 587 – 609 . Helsinki : National Board of Education . [In Finnish]
- BRADLEY , V.J. and KNOLL , J. 1990 . “ Shifting Paradigms in Services to People with Disabilities ” . Washington, DC : Administration on Developmental Disabilities, United States Department of Health and Human Services . unpublished manuscript
- CIMERA , R.E. 1998 . Are individuals with severe mental retardation and multiple disabilities cost-efficient to serve via supported employment programs? . Mental Retardation , 36 : 280 – 292 .
- CROTHALL , P. 1999 . So you want to work for the government? . Focus. Magazine of the Association of Blind Citizens of New Zealand (Inc) , 34 : 18 – 21 .
- DECREE ON RATIFICATION OF THE CONVENTION (No. 159) Concerning Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons), 1983. Suomen saadoskokoelman n:o 218/1986.
- EUROPEAN COMMISSION . 5 December 1993 . “ White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness, and Employment ” . 5 December , Brussels The Challenges and Ways Forward into the 21st Century 1993). Available in www:
- FAMR (Finnish Association on Mental Retardation) . 1997 . Editorial . FAMR News , : 1
- FAMR (Finnish Association on Mental Retardation) . 1998 . Tailor-Made Solution to Employers , Helsinki : Author .
- PINKISH ACTION PLAN . 1998 . “ Finnish Action Plan on Employment Policy According to the Lines of the Employment Policy of EU ” . The Ministry of Labour . Available in www: . [in Finnish]
- FINSE (Finnish Association on Supported Employment) . 1998 . Outcome action plan of FINSE . FlNSE News , 1 : 15 [In Finnish]
- HARKAPAA , K. 1998 . “ A Finnish model of supported employment ” . In Experiences from Supported Employment, , Edited by: HARKAPAA , K. 86 – 87 . Helsinki : Foundation Promoting Employment of People with Disabilities . [In Finnish]
- HONEY , S. and WILLIAMS , M. 1998 . Supply and Demand for Supported Employment , DfEE Research Report 70 Nottingham : DfEE Publications .
- HYDE , M. 1998 . Sheltered and supported employment in the 1990s: the experiences of disabled workers in the UK . Disability & Society , 13 : 199 – 215 .
- KAAKINEN , J. , NIEMINEN , J. and SAKAJARVI , M. 1998 . Evaluation of the realization of the program employment in Finland , ESR Publications 25 Helsinki : Ministry of Labor . [In Finnish]
- KIVELA-MAJANEVA , H. 1996 . “ 'Mukana ollaan'. The project on supported employment ” . In Supported Employment , Edited by: VENALAINEN , R. Helsinki : VATES .
- KREGEL , J. , WEHMAN , P. and BANKS , P.D. 1989 . The effects of consumer characteristics and type of employment model on individual outcomes in supported employment . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 22 : 407 – 415 .
- KYNNYS . 1997 . “ Policy Statement on the Promotion of the Employment for Disabled People, 27.5. 1997 ” . (Available from Kynnys ry, Itarnerenkatu 2, FIN-00180 Helsinki). [In Finnish]
- MATHISEN , K. 1999 . “ Supported Employment ” . Norway Available in www:
- MCCAUGHRIN , W.B. , ELLIS , W.K. , RUSCH , F.R. and HEAL , L.W. 1993 . Cost-effectiveness of supported employment . Mental Retardation , 31 : 41 – 48 .
- MEYER , J.W. and ROWAN , B. 1977 . Institutionalized organizations: formal structure as myth and ceremony . American Journal of Sociology , 83 : 340 – 363 .
- MITCHELL , M. 1999 . “ Programs and Pensions for People with a Disability in the UK ” . Available in www:
- OLIVER , M. 1990 . The Politics of Disablement , Basingstoke : Macmillan .
- SARIOLA , L. 1997 . Good results in the projects . FlNSE News , 3 : 2 [In Finnish]
- SCHEERENBERGER , R.C. 1987 . A History of Mental Retardation. Quarter Century of Promise , Baltimore : Brookes .
- SINOT-OSWALD , M. , GLINER , J.A. and SPENCER , K.C. 1991 . Supported and sheltered employment: quality of life issues among workers with disabilities . Education and Training in Mental Retardation , 26 : 388 – 397 .
- SMULL , M.W. and BELLAMY , G.T. 1991 . “ Community services for adults with disabilities. Policy challenges in the emerging support paradigm ” . In Critical Issues in the Lives of People with Severe Disabilities, , Edited by: MEYER , L.H. , PECK , C.A. and BROWN , L. 527 – 536 . Baltimore : Brookes .
- STAKES . 1995 . STEPS Project Program 1995 1999 , Helsinki : STAKES . [In Finnish]
- STAKES . 1998 . Into Work, into Life, into Work Life , Final report of the projects E.C.HO and STEPS Helsinki : STAKES . [In Finnish]
- TAYLOR , S.J. 1988 . Caught in the continuum: a critical analysis of the principle of the least restrictive environment . Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps , 13 : 41 – 53 .
- TAYLOR , S.J. , RACINO , J.A. , KNOLL , J.A. and LUTFIYYA , Z. 1987 . The Nonrestrictive Environment: on community integration for people with most severe disabilities , New York : Human Policy Press .
- THORNTOK , P. , SAINSBURY , R. and BARNES , H. 1997 . Helping Disabled People to Work: a cross-national study of social security and employment provisions. A report for the Social Security Advisory Committee , London : Stationery Office .
- UNITED NATIONS . 1994 . “ The Standard Rules on the Equalisation of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities ” . adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its 48th session on 20 December 1993 (resolution 48/96)
- VATES . Finnish Model for Supported Employment, Workshop . November 18 1997 . (available from VATES, P1 40, 00621 Helsinki). [In Finnish]
- VATES . 1998 . Supported Employment and Individual Solutions the way to open employment , Helsinki : Author . [In Finnish]
- VCU (Virginia Commonwealth University, Rehabilitation, Research & Training Center) . February, 13 1997 . “ National Trends in Supported Employment ” . February, 13 , Richmond, VA 23284-2011 : RRTC Research Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Box 842011 . 1997
- WEHMAK , P. 1988 . “ Supported employment. Toward zero exclusion of persons with severe disabilities ” . In Vocational Rehabilitation and Supported Employment, , Edited by: WEHMAN , P. and MOON , M.S. 3 – 16 . Baltimore : Brookes .
- WEHMAN , P. and KREGEL , J. 1992 . “ Supported employment: growth and impact ” . In Supported Employment. Strategies for Integration of Workers with disabilities, , Edited by: WEHMAN , P. , SALE , P. and PAREKT , W.S. 3 – 28 . Boston : Andover Medical Publishers .
- WEHMAK , P. , REVELL , G. and KREGEL , J. 1997 . “ Supported employment: a decade of rapid growth and impact ” . In Supported Employment Research: expanding competitive employment opportunities for persons with significant disabilities, , Edited by: WEHMAK , P. , KREGEL , J. and WEST , M. 1 – 18 . Virginia : Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Supported Employment, Virginia Commonwealth University .
Supported Employment as a Paradigm Shift and a Cause of Legitimation Crisis
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.